Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and has a high mortality rate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.However,the use of P...Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and has a high mortality rate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.However,the use of PDT for the treatment of GBM has been limited by its low blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability and lack of cancer-targeting ability.Herein,brain endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles(bEVs)were used as a biocompatible nanoplatform to transport photosensitizers into brain tumors across the BBB.To enhance PDT efficacy,the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)was linked to mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium(TPP)and entrapped into bEVs.TPPconjugated Ce6(TPP-Ce6)selectively accumulated in the mitochondria,which rendered brain tumor cells more susceptible to reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis under light irradiation.Moreover,the encapsulation of TPP-Ce6 into b EVs markedly improved the aqueous stability and cellular internalization of TPP-Ce6,leading to significantly enhanced PDT efficacy in U87MG GBM cells.An in vivo biodistribution study using orthotopic GBM-xenografted mice showed that b EVs containing TPP-Ce6[b EV(TPP-Ce6)]substantially accumulated in brain tumors after BBB penetration via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis.As such,b EV(TPP-Ce6)-mediated PDT considerably inhibited the growth of GBM without causing adverse systemic toxicity,suggesting that mitochondria are an effective target for photodynamic GBM therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)[(NRF-2022R1A2C1007207,Korea)Basic Research Laboratory Program(NRF-2020R1A4A2002894,Korea)+3 种基金Basic Science Research Program(NRF-2020R1A2B5B01001719,Korea)Engineering Research Center of Excellence Program(NRF-2016R1A5A1010148,Korea)]supported by Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021R1I1A1A01042149,Korea)support by the Brigham Research Institute,USA。
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and has a high mortality rate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.However,the use of PDT for the treatment of GBM has been limited by its low blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability and lack of cancer-targeting ability.Herein,brain endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles(bEVs)were used as a biocompatible nanoplatform to transport photosensitizers into brain tumors across the BBB.To enhance PDT efficacy,the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)was linked to mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium(TPP)and entrapped into bEVs.TPPconjugated Ce6(TPP-Ce6)selectively accumulated in the mitochondria,which rendered brain tumor cells more susceptible to reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis under light irradiation.Moreover,the encapsulation of TPP-Ce6 into b EVs markedly improved the aqueous stability and cellular internalization of TPP-Ce6,leading to significantly enhanced PDT efficacy in U87MG GBM cells.An in vivo biodistribution study using orthotopic GBM-xenografted mice showed that b EVs containing TPP-Ce6[b EV(TPP-Ce6)]substantially accumulated in brain tumors after BBB penetration via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis.As such,b EV(TPP-Ce6)-mediated PDT considerably inhibited the growth of GBM without causing adverse systemic toxicity,suggesting that mitochondria are an effective target for photodynamic GBM therapy.
