A breathing A4 paper by in situ growth of green metal-organic frameworks for air freshening and cleaning

Surface modification of natural cellulose fibers with nanomaterials is an effective strategy for producing functional textiles for multiple applications.A4-sized printing paper is a commonly used,cheap,and easily acquirable office supply which is mainly made of cellulose fibers.Here,we report green and simple nanofabrication of A4 paper to endow it with high capability for fragrance encapsulation and sustained release,and strong adsorption to indoor air pollutants.The method utilizes the sugar molecule of cellulose for in-situ growth ofγ-cyclodextrin(γ-CD)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)on A4 paper.The obtainedγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites have superior specific surface area and high porous structure.Theγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites can effectively encapsulate fragrant molecules through host-guest interaction.Theγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites also show strong absorption capability to formaldehyde and carbon dioxide through the formation of hydrogen bonding and chemical bonds.Theseγ-CD-MOF/A4nanocomposites combine the advantages of both A4 paper andγ-CD-MOF,which can be used in indoor air freshening and cleaning.

Hydrophobic modification of polysaccharides and the construction and properties of their micelles:a review of applications in the field of biomedicine

Nanomedicine delivery technology plays an important role in modern medicine and has shown good therapeutic effects in scientific research.Polysaccharides have the characteristics of wide sources,excellent biocompatibility,and non-toxicity.In addition,there are multifunctional groups on the main chain of polysaccharides,which can be surface-modified or functionalized to have targeting ability through specific sugar parts.Amphiphilic polysaccharide micelles with good biocompatibility,degradability,high safety,easy structural modification,and special core-shell structure are regarded as ideal carriers for nanomedicines.Therefore,this review is focused on the hydrophobic modification designs of polysaccharides,the preparation methods and characteristics of micelles,and the applications of amphiphilic polysaccharide micelles in the field of biomedicine.It is expected to provide some ideas and inspiration for the design of polysaccharide drug carriers.

Macrophage-evading and tumor-specific apoptosis inducing nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy

Extended circulation of anticancer nanodrugs in blood stream is essential for their clinical applications.However,administered nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered and cleared by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS).In this study,we developed a biomimetic nanosystem that is able to efficiently escape MPS and target tumor tissues.The fabricated nanoparticles(TM-CQ/NPs)were coated with fibroblast cell membrane expressing tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL).Coating with this functionalized membrane reduced the endocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages,but increased the nanoparticle uptake in tumor cells.Importantly,this membrane coating specifically induced tumor cell apoptosis via the interaction of TRAIL and its cognate death receptors.Meanwhile,the encapsulated chloroquine(CQ)further suppressed the uptake of nanoparticles by macrophages,and synergized with TRAIL to induce tumor cell apoptosis.The vigorous antitumor efficacy in two mice tumor models confirmed our nanosystem was an effective approach to address the MPS challenge for cancer therapy.Together,our TM-CQ/NPs nanosystem provides a feasible approach to precisely target tumor tissues and improve anticancer efficacy.

通过柔性微针阵列集成的叉指电极装置产生电刺激用于癌症免疫治疗

免疫疗法通过化学或生物制剂来激活免疫系统,改变了癌症治疗的传统方式.但大多数免疫类药物在肿瘤组织内的渗透性差,容易产生副作用而使疗效不尽人意.电刺激疗法是一种新颖的癌症疗法,其可以不利用化学、生物制剂产生抑癌效果,但存在操作复杂和难以制备微米级小型电刺激装置的问题.本文通过将光学3D微打印技术与化学镀工艺结合,成功制备了柔性微针阵列集成的叉指电极装置.其能够生成交变电场触发肿瘤细胞内线粒体的钙离子过载和细胞内活性氧的产生,导致损伤相关分子模式释放,从而激活免疫应答并引起肿瘤免疫原性细胞死亡.实验结果显示,本文的通电微针装置具有良好的生物安全性和全身抑瘤作用,抑制了原发肿瘤和远处肿瘤的生长以及黑色素瘤肺转移.因此,本文将电刺激与免疫疗法相结合,为无药物癌症治疗提供了新方向并为癌症治疗领域提供了创新思路.

Research on GGT-responsive drug carrier with active transport effect

Although a great quantity research has been done on cancer nano-drug carriers,how to deliver more cancer nano-drugs to tumor sites accurately and then endocytosis by cells is still a key problem in the process of cancer treatment.Since the concentration ofγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)in the microenvironment will be greatly increased when the liver,kidney,other organs become cancerous,we have designed a polymer nanomicelle as drug carrier that can respond to the GGT in the tumor microenvironment.When the drug delivery system participates in blood circulation through the vascular wall cells to the tumor tissue,the overexpressed GGT on the surface of the cancer cells will recognize and cut theγ-glutamyl group on the carrier,the primary amines will be released to make the system with weak positive charge,which not only improves the carrier’s active transport ability for nanodrugs,but also improves the cell’s endocytosis ability for nano-drugs,so as to realize the release of nano-drugs in cancer cells.What’s more,the positive charge on the surface of the carrier also improves the permeability of the carrier in the tumor tissue,so that the cancer cells in the hypoxic area can also endocytosis drugs.

“One-for-All”approach:a black technology for nanomedicine development?

Cancer nanomedicines require different,even opposite,properties to voyage the cascade drug delivery process involving a series of biological barriers.Currentlyapproved nanomedicines can only alleviate adverse effects but cannot improve patient survival because they fail to meet all the requirements.Therefore,nanocarriers with synchronized functions are highly requisite to capacitate efficient drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacies.This perspective article summarizes recent advances in the two main strategies for nanomedicine design,the All-in-One approach(integration of all the functions in one system)and the One-for-All approach(one functional group with proper affinity enables all the functions),and presents our views on future nanomedicine development.

高分子纳米香精制备的研究进展

香精是种类和功能多样的精细化学品,已经广泛应用于人们生活中.但因香精的主要成分为沸点低、易挥发的物质,所以存在留香时间短、对环境敏感的缺点,限制了其被广泛的应用.如何控制和减缓香料的挥发,稳定香精的性质是提高香精应用效率的难点和重点.目前,利用高分子材料将易挥发的香精纳米化,构建缓控释体系,可以有效解决上述问题.本文对高分子纳米香精的制备方法及其研究进展进行了综述.

蚕丝织品、牛皮革和壁纸原纸的纤维孔隙结构及吸附性能

香料的纳米化封装及相关的芳香整理技术已经成为有效实现香气物质缓慢释放的重要手段.因此,了解纳米载体与基材之间的相互作用机制对于香料纳米技术的应用和改进至关重要.本文以蚕丝织品、牛皮革和壁纸原纸为对象,综合运用多种表征技术分析,研究了3种基材的纤维形貌、孔隙结构及孔径分布的基本特征,并以4种不同直径的纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)作为模型载体考察其在上述基材上的吸附行为.结果表明, 3种基材缝隙宽度小于1μm的孔隙百分比有显著差异,丝巾、皮革、原纸分别为0.3%、23.8%和4%,与其比表面积呈正相关的关系.纳米载体在基材上的附着强度及其分布状态不仅依赖于载体自身的尺寸,而且与纤维的物质属性及孔隙结构密切相关.小粒径SiO_2粒子(20 nm)可牢固附着于单根纤维表面,随粒径增大则倾向于嵌入到纤维缝隙或黏附在缝隙边缘.本研究对于纳米香料递送体系的设计具有一定的理论指导意义.

肿瘤微环境响应药物递送系统的设计

化学药物治疗(化疗)是目前临床上治疗肿瘤最有效的方法之一,但传统的给药方式导致药物对肿瘤的靶向性差、药物利用率低。在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,化疗药物对人体正常细胞也有很大的损伤,因此在化疗过程中通常伴随着严重的副作用,例如恶心、呕吐以及脱发等。随着肿瘤学和纳米材料的迅速发展,多种纳米药物载体被应用于肿瘤的治疗。纳米药物载体具有提高药物利用率、降低药物的毒副作用等诸多优势,已成为药物递送领域的研究热点。其中,肿瘤微环境响应纳米药物载体在实现肿瘤部位药物的可控释放、载体保护壳的脱除以及肿瘤靶向等方面表现出优异的性能。本文讨论了基于肿瘤微环境的异常生化指标构建肿瘤微环境响应载体的常用策略,并总结了近年来肿瘤微环境响应纳米药物载体用于肿瘤治疗的研究进展,旨在为设计与制备高性能纳米药物载体提供参考。

Precise nanomedicine for intelligent therapy of cancer

Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations.

Synthesis and evaluation of a paclitaxel-binding polymeric micelle for efficient breast cancer therapy

Paclitaxel(PTX) is one of the most effective anticancer drugs for the treatment of various solid tumors, but its clinical use is limited by its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and severe systemic toxicity. Encapsulation of PTX in polymeric nanoparticles is used to overcome these problems but these micelles still need improvements in stability, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profiles. In this study, we demonstrate a facile fabrication of a stable PTX-binding micelle made from poly(ethylene glycol)-block-dendritic polylysine, whose primary amines were reacted with phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC), a hydrophobic anticancer agent under clinical study. The amphiphilic conjugate(PEG-Gx-PEITC; Gx, the generation of the polylysine dendron) formed well-defined micelles whose core was composed of phenyl groups and thiourea groups binding PTX via π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. Compared with the PTX-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide)(PEGPDLLA/PTX) micelles in clinical use, PTX-loaded PEG-Gx-PEITC third-generation(PEG-G3-PEITC/PTX) micelles showed slowed blood clearance, enhanced tumor accumulation, and thus much improved in vivo therapeutic efficacy in both subcutaneous and orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts. Therefore, PEG-G3-PEITC is a promising drug delivery system for PTX in the treatment of breast cancer.

Biomedical polymers: synthesis, properties, and applications

Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomedical polymers, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their property-function relationship for corresponding biomedical applications. In particular, a few burgeoning bioactive polymers, such as peptide/biomembrane/microorganism/cell-based biomedical polymers, are also introduced and highlighted as the emerging biomaterials for cancer precision therapy. Furthermore, the foreseeable challenges and outlook of the development of more efficient, healthier and safer biomedical polymers are discussed. We wish this systemic and comprehensive review on highlighting frontier progress of biomedical polymers could inspire and promote new breakthrough in fundamental research and clinical translation.

Elastin-like polypeptide fusion for precision design of protein-polymer conjugates with improved pharmacology

Therapeutic proteins and peptides are characteristic by their high biological activity and specificity,but their clinical uses are bottlenecked by their poor stability,short in vivo half-life and immunogenicity[1].One typical example is recombinant human interferon alpha(IFN-α),FDA-approved and widely used in treatments of viral diseases and cancer,yet its short plasma half-life(t1/2=2-4 h)necessi-

Synthesis and Properties of a Biodegradable Dendritic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent

新奇可被细菌破坏的树枝状的对比代理人(DCA ) 基于聚酯 dendrimers 被综合并且描绘。DCA 在生理的 pH 很快在酸的 pH，而是 hydrolyzed 是稳定的，它象小分子 CA 的一样使 DCA 的长期的 Gd3+ 保留变为低。他们 10.2 ～ 17.5 L 祬的纵的 relaxivities？？

基于聚合物膜的仿生纳米通道

在生物体内,细胞膜上的离子通道可以通过选择性地传输离子参与生命活动.受生物体内传输通道结构和功能的启发,具有实际应用价值的人工离子纳米通道备受关注.基于高分子材料的仿生纳米通道具有机械稳定性、离子输运性能优异和可设计性强等特点.本文主要介绍了基于聚合物的仿生纳米通道的制备及其在环境响应性生物传感和能量转换方面的应用.首先介绍了纳米通道在离子传输调控和能量转换方面的基本特性.之后,我们讨论了聚合物基纳米通道材料的制备方法,并强调了它们相对于其他材料的优势.详细讨论了聚合物基仿生纳米通道在能量转换和环境响应生物传感器中的实际应用.最后,总结了仿生纳米通道研究中尚未解决的问题,并对该领域的进一步发展方向进行了展望.

Tuning the release rate of volatile molecules by pore surface engineering in metal-organic frameworks

Encapsulation and controlled release of volatile molecules such as fragrances in a designed manner is important but challenging for the flavor and fragrance industry.Here,we report the tuning release of volatile molecules by postsynthetic modification of an amine-terminated metal-organic framework(MOF)MIL-101-NH_(2).By amidation,we obtained three MIL-101 MOFs,the trimethylacetamideterminated TC-MIL-101,the benzamide-terminated BC-MIL-101,and the oxalic acid monoamideterminated OC-MIL-101.All the MOFs can efficiently encapsulate volatile molecules.Moreover,we demonstrate that the release profile of volatiles can be widely tuned to sustain the release in several days to months and even over a year using different modified MIL-101 MOFs.We show that the release profiles are correlated with the binding energies between the guest volatiles and pores in MOFs.The pore diffusion and the synergistic transport are the rate-limiting step of the guest molecules from the modified MOFs.