Feasibility study on buoyancy-weight ratios of a submerged floating tunnel prototype subjected to hydrodynamic loads

The research progress of a novel traffic solution,a submerged floating tunnel(SFT),is reviewed in terms of a study approach and loading scenario.Among existing publications,the buoyancy-weight ratio(BWR) is usually predefined.However,BWR is a critical structural parameter that tremendously affects the dynamic behaviour of not only the tunnel tube itself but also the cable system.In the context of a SFT prototype(SFTP) project in Qiandao Lake(Zhejiang Province,China),the importance of BWR is illustrated by finite element analysis and subsequently,an optimized BWR is proposed within a reasonable range in the present study.In the numerical model,structural damping is identified to be of importance.Rayleigh damping and the corresponding Rayleigh coefficients are attained through a sensitivity study,which shows that the adopted damping ratios are fairly suitable for SFTP.Lastly,the human sense of security is considered by quantifying the comfort index,which helps further optimize BWR in the SFTP structural parameter design.

A two-parameter model to predict fatigue life of high-strength steels in a very high cycle fatigue regime

In this paper, ultrasonic(20 kHz) fatigue tests were performed on specimens of a high-strength steel in very high cycle fatigue(VHCF) regime. Experimental results showed that for most tested specimens failed in a VHCF regime, a fatigue crack originated from the interior of specimen with a fish-eye pattern, which contained a fine granular area(FGA) centered by an inclusion as the crack origin. Then,a two-parameter model is proposed to predict the fatigue life of high-strength steels with fish-eye mode failure in a VHCF regime, which takes into account the inclusion size and the FGA size. The model was verified by the data of present experiments and those in the literature. Furthermore, an analytic formula was obtained for estimating the equivalent crack growth rate within the FGA. The results also indicated that the stress intensity factor range at the front of the FGA varies within a small range, which is irrespective of stress amplitude and fatigue life.

Effects of tension on vortex-induced vibration(ⅥⅤ) responses of a long tensioned cylinder in uniform flows

The effects of tension on vortex-induced vibration(ⅥⅤ) responses for a tension-dominated long cylinder with an aspect ratio of 550 in uniform flows are experimentally investigated in this paper. The results show that elevated tension suppresses fluctuations of maximum displacement with respect to flow velocity and makes chaotic ⅥⅤ more likely to appear. With respect to periodic ⅥⅤ, if elevated tension is applied, the dominant vibration frequency in the in-line(IL) direction will switch from a fundamental vibration frequency to twice the value of the fundamental vibration frequency, which results in a ratio of the dominant vibration frequency in the IL direction to that in the cross-flow direction of 2.0. The suppression of the elevated tension in the fluctuation of the maximum displacement causes the axial tension to become an active control parameter for the ⅥⅤ maximum displacement of a tension-dominated long riser or tether of an engineering structure in deep oceans. However,the axial tension must be optimized before being used since the high dominant vibration frequency due to the elevated tension may unfavorably affect the fatigue life of the riser or tether.

Correlation of crack growth rate and stress ratio for fatigue damage containing very high cycle fatigue regime

A model is proposed to correlate the crack growth rate and stress ratio containing very high cycle fatigue regime.The model is verified by the experimental data in literature.Then a formula is derived for the effect of mean stress on fatigue strength,and it is used to estimate the fatigue strength of a bearing steel in very high cycle fatigue regime at different stress ratios.The estimated results are also compared with those by Goodman formula.

Very high cycle fatigue for GCr15 steel with smooth and hole-defect specimens

<正>Very high cycle fatigue(VHCF) properties of a low temperature tempering bearing steel GCr15 with smooth and hole-defect specimens are studied by employing a rotary bending test machine with frequency of 52.5 Hz.Both smooth and hole-defect specimens break in VHCF regime with some difference in fatigue crack initiation.For smooth specimens,a fine granular area(FGA) is observed near the grain boundary in the fracture surface of the specimens broken after 10~7 cycles. But no FGA is observed in the hole-defect specimens broken in VHCF regime,and the VHCF crack does not initiate from the small hole at the surface as it does at low or high cycle fatigue regime. Internal stress is employed to explain the VHCF behavior of these two types of specimens.At last,an advanced dislocation model based on Tanaka and Mura model is proposed to illustrate the internal stress process and to predict fatigue crack initiation life with FGA observed in the fracture region.

DYNAMIC BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES SUBJECTED TO STEP AXIAL LOADING

This paper studies the dynamic buckling behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) subjected to step axial loading. A buckling condition is derived, and numerical results are presented for MWNTs under fixed boundary conditions. It is shown that the critical buckling load of MWNTs is of multi-branches and decreases as the time elongates. The associated buckling modes for di?erent layers of MWNTs can be either in-phase or out of phase, which is related to the branch that the critical buckling load belongs to. For MWNTs with the same innermost tube radius, the critical buckling load is decreased when increasing the layers.