Hepatoprotective Activity of Yigan Mingmu Oral Liquid against Isoniazid/Rifampicin-Induced Liver Injuries in Rats

Background: To explore the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Total 38 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, model group, silymarin positive control group, and three YGMM treatment groups. Model group was administered intragastrically with INH (100 mg/kg) and RIF (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Silymarin group and YGMM treatment groups were administered intragastrically with silymarin (100 mg/kg) and different doses of YGMM (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) 2 hours before INH and RIF administration from day 4 to day 14.?Results: Rats were sacrificed 16 hours after the last day treatment to determine the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as total bilirubin (TB) content. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed under an optical microscope by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mice?in model groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels in AST, ALT, ALP, TB and MDA compared to their control groups;and showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased level in T-SOD. These changes were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by the YGMM treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic pathological changes were attenuated or even reversed by silymarin or YGMM treatments. Conclusions: YGMM has a good hepatoprotective activity on isoniazid-rifampicin induced liver injuries in rats.

中国绿色建筑国际化的回顾与展望

中国绿色建筑的国际化处在起步阶段.本文回顾中国绿色建筑“走出去”的探索背景,分析建筑产业的出海条件,讨论国际化的必然性、机遇和挑战,指出“走出去”可能是建筑业未来最大的发展机会.最后,提出中国绿色建筑国际化模型,并展望出海发展的路径.

Carbon deficiency introduced plasticity of rock-salt-structured transition metal carbides

High-hardness rock-salt structured transitional metal carbides(TMC)are attracting substantial interest as potential next-generation thermal protection materials.However,the intrinsic brittleness of TMC ceramics impedes their performance in aerodynamically harsh environments.In this work,a promising strategy is proposed to introduce plasticity in TaC–HfC solid solutions by manipulating carbon deficiency.The approach combines density-functional theory(DFT)with experiments and takes Pugh's ratio(k)as the criteria.Depletion of carbon atoms in TaC–HfC solid solutions results in the de-localizing of valence electrons,deviation of spatial modulus along different crystal plane directions,and leading to significant elastic anisotropy.The carbon deficient Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(0.8) is predicted to be a‘softer phase’with reduced modulus and Pugh's ratio(k=0.58).A series of Ta1–xHfxCy(x=0.2 and 0.8,y=0.8,0.9,and 1.0)bulk ceramics are experimentally fabricated by an excessive metal alloying method.Trigonal and hexagonal close-packed structured carbides are derived when the carbon deficiency y decreased to 0.7.The indentation modulus drops from 641.8±14.8 GPa for Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(1.0) to 555.8±9.9 GPa for Ta0.8Hf0.2C0.8.The specific stoichiometric composition of Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(0.8) is experimentally verified to possess both plasticity(k=0.41)and ultra-high nanohardness(41.3±1.3 GPa).

A Novel Federated Learning with Bidirectional Adaptive Differential Privacy

With the explosive growth of personal data in the era of big data,federated learning has broader application prospects,in order to solve the problem of data island and preserve user data privacy,a federated learning model based on differential privacy(DP)is proposed.Participants share the parameters after adding noise to the central server for parameter aggregation by training local data.However,there are two problems in this model:on the one hand,the data information in the process of broadcasting parameters by the central server is still compromised,with the risk of user privacy leakage;on the other hand,adding too much noise to parameters will reduce the quality of parameter aggregation and affect the model accuracy of federated learning finally.Therefore,a novel federated learning approach with bidirectional adaptive differential privacy(FedBADP)is proposed,it can adaptively add noise to the gradients transmitted by participants and central server,and protects data security without affecting model accuracy.In addition,considering the performance limitations of the participants’hardware devices,this model samples their gradients to reduce communication overhead,and uses RMSprop to accelerate the convergence of the model on the participants and central server to improve the ac-curacy of the model.Experiments show that our novel model can not only obtain better results in accuracy,but also enhance user privacy preserving while reducing communication overhead.

A Bionic Study on the Anti-erosion Mechanism of Laudakia stoliczkana:Experimental and Numerical Aspects

The scales of body surface of Laudakia stoliczkana have the morphology of convex hulls,which are arranged in groove structure in macroscopic scale.Its body surface skin is mainly composed of the"soft"layer of keratin and the"hard"layer of the cuticle covering on the"soft"layer.The coupling effect of the scale morphology and skin's structure gives Laudakia stoliczkana the excellent ability to resist the sand erosion in desert environment.Inspired by the convex surface morphology and the composite structure of the"soft"and"hard"layers of the skin of Laudakia stoliczkana^the coupling bionic samples are febricated and the erosion resistance performance is tested.The test results show that the coupling bionic samples have good erosion resistance perfbimance and the samples with spherical convex hull exhibit the best erosion resistance performance.Moreover,based on the theory of stress wave propagation in solid the numerical simula tions of particles impacting to the coupling bionic samples and bionic layered structure are done respectively and the anti-erosion me chanism of the bionic layered structure is analyzed.The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results,which show that the coupling bionic samples can effectively reduce the amplitude of the incident stress wave,and thus can prevent the failure of samples.

In vitro evaluation of inorganic and methyl mercury mediated cytotoxic effect on neural cells derived from different animal species

To extend the current understanding of the mercury-mediated cytotoxic effect,five neural cell lines established from different animal species were comparatively analyzed using three different endpoint bioassays：thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide,3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay（MTT）,neutral red uptake assay（NRU）,and Coomassie blue assay（CB）.Following a 24-hr exposure to selected concentrations of mercury chloride（HgCl_2） and methylmercury（Ⅱ） chloride（MeHgCl）,the cytotoxic effect on test cells was characterized by comparing their 50%inhibition concentration（IC_（50）） values.Experimental results indicated that both these forms of mercury were toxic to all the neural cells,but at very different degrees.The IC_（50）values of MeHgCl among these cell lines ranged from 1.15±0.22 to 10.31 ± 0.70 μmol/L while the IC_（50） values for HgCl_2 were much higher,ranging from 6.44 ± 0.36 to 160.97±19.63 μmol/L,indicating the more toxic nature of MeHgCl.The IC_（50） ratio between HgCl_2and MeHgCl ranged from 1.75 to 96.0,which confirms that organic mercury is much more toxic to these neural cells than inorganic mercury.Among these cell lines,HGST-BR and TriG44 derived from marine sea turtles showed a significantly high tolerance to HgCl_2 as compared to the three mammalian neural cells.Among these neural cells,SK-N-SH represented the most sensitive cells to both chemical forms of mercury.

Functional analysis of zona pellucida domain protein Dusky in Tribolium castaneum

The zona pellucida domain protein Dusky(Dy)plays a vital role in wing morphogenesis in insects,but little information on its function has been reported.In this study,we found that dy regulated wing cell size,larval and pupal duration,and the metabolism of amino acid and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Tribolium castaneum.Using RNA-seq,413 differentially expressed genes were identified between physiological buffer-injected and dy-double-stranded RNA-treated larvae,including 88 downregulated genes and 325 upregulated genes.Among these genes,dy knockdown increased CYP18A1 expression to elevate the 26-hydroxylation of 20-hydroxyecdysone,which ultimately led to growth defects in wing cells.Silencing of dy upregulated the transcription of genes encoding tyrosine aminotransferase,4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase,and Pale to promote the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine,which eventually reduced amino acid content.Furthermore,dy knockdown upregulated 4E-BP expression,and 4E-BP silencing partially phenocopied dy RNA interference-mediated wing morphogenesis.These results suggest that Dy controls 20-hydroxyecdysone and amino acid metabolism to regulate wing morphogenesis in the insect.

Recovery of Four COVID-19 Patients via Ozonated Autohemotherapy

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is an enveloped RNA betacoronavirus,1 that has spread globally since December 2019.As of July 22,2020,more than 14,000,000 confirmed cases and 607,781 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported to the World Health Organization from 216 areas and territories.2 Patientswithmore prominent laboratory abnormalities may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),which potentially leads tomultiple organ failure and death.1,3 However,at present,there are no regulatory approved antiviralmedicines,vaccines,or specific clinical treatments for COVID-19.