Mass transfer characteristics of chiral pharmaceuticals on membrane used for polar organic chemical integrative sampler

Passive sampling technology has good application prospects for monitoring trace pollutants in aquatic environments.Further research on the sampling mechanism of this technology is essential to improve the measurement accuracy and extend the application scope of this approach.In this study,adsorption and permeation experiments were performed to investigate the sorption and mass transfer properties of five chiral pharmaceuticals at the enantiomeric level on polyethersulfone(PES)and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membranes used in a polar organic chemical integrative sampler.Batch adsorption experiments showed that the PES membrane had an adsorption phenomenon for most selected pollutants and an insignificant sorption behavior was observed for all selected pharmaceuticals on the PTFE membrane except for R(S)-fluoxetine.The diffusion coefficients of selected pharmaceuticals onto the PTFE membrane were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those onto the PES membrane.The permeation experiment indicated that under different hydraulic conditions,the change of the relative pollutant concentration through the PTFE membrane for the composite pollutant system was more obvious than that for the single pollutant system,and mass transfer hysteresis exists for both contaminant systems through PES membranes.Using the first-order equation or 3-component model to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficients,the results showed that the overall mass transfer coefficient values of pollutants in the composite pollutant system onto both membranes were higher than those in the single pollutant system.This parameter was mainly influenced by the synergistic effects of the multi-analyte interaction and diminished water boundary layers during the mass transfer process.