目的研究多年生叶类蔬菜在受控生态生保系统(Controlled Ecological Life Support System,CELSS)中的生长和生产情况。方法在绿航星际—4人180天CELSS集成试验中,引入4种多年生叶类蔬菜(绿背天葵、芹菜、韭菜和空心菜),通过对生长情况...目的研究多年生叶类蔬菜在受控生态生保系统(Controlled Ecological Life Support System,CELSS)中的生长和生产情况。方法在绿航星际—4人180天CELSS集成试验中,引入4种多年生叶类蔬菜(绿背天葵、芹菜、韭菜和空心菜),通过对生长情况、生长速率以及营养成分等指标与生菜进行比较,分析多年生叶类蔬菜在CELSS中的应用前景。结果4种多年生叶类蔬菜在集成试验中生长状态良好;试验结束时,绿背天葵和空心菜可食部分生产速率高于生菜;多年生叶类蔬菜的收获间隔时间短,且营养成分与生菜相当。结论多年生叶类蔬菜具有管理简单、收获间隔短、产量稳定等特点,能够在未来长期深空探测或星球基地任务的生保系统构建中发挥重要作用。展开更多
This paper discusses the relationship between the volume loss, fluid flow and component variations in the ductile shear zone of the southern Tan-Lu fault belt. The results show that there is a large amount of fluids f...This paper discusses the relationship between the volume loss, fluid flow and component variations in the ductile shear zone of the southern Tan-Lu fault belt. The results show that there is a large amount of fluids flowing through the shear zone during mylonitization, accompanied with the loss of volume of rocks and variations of elements and oxygen isotopes. The calculated temperature for mylonitization in different mylonites ranges from 446 to 484℃, corresponding to that of 475 to 500℃ for the wall rocks. The condition of differential stress during mylonization has been obtained between 99 and 210 MPa, whereas the differential stress in the wall rock gneiss is 70-78 MPa. The mylonites are enriched by factors of 1.32-1.87 in elements such as TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Y, Zr and V and depleted in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al203, Sr, Rb and light REEs compared to their protolith gneiss. The immobile element enrichments are attributed to enrichments in residual phases such as ilmentite, zircon, apatite and epidote in mylonites and are interpreted as due to volume losses from 15% to 60% in the ductile shear zone. The largest amount of SiO2 loss is 35.76 g/100 g in the ductile shear zone, which shows the fluid infiltration. Modeling calculated results of the fluid/rock ratio for the ductile shear zone range from 196 to 1192 by assuming different degrees of fluid saturation. Oxygen isotope changes of quartz and feldspar and the calculated fluid are corresponding to the variations of differential flow stress in the ductile shear zone. With increasing differential flow stress, the mylonites show a slight decrease of δ^18O in quartz, K-feldspar and fluid.展开更多
Two kinds of molecular sieve materials, TC-5A and PSA-5A, were produced to satisfy with special requirement of manned space flight. Their CO2 adsorption performances were investi- gated and compared through two experi...Two kinds of molecular sieve materials, TC-5A and PSA-5A, were produced to satisfy with special requirement of manned space flight. Their CO2 adsorption performances were investi- gated and compared through two experiments, the thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA） experiment and packed bed column experiment. Besides, some kinetic equations were compared according to the TGA experimental data, and their errors were analyzed. Finally, the classic linear driving force （LDF） model is improved to the new Avrami＇s model, and two models are analyzed based on the packed bed data. The TGA data shows that the CO2 loading has an approximately linear relation- ship with the CO2 concentration, and the best fit adsorption temperature range is from 283 to 303 K. The packed bed column results show that water vapor in air can affect the CO2 adsorption performance badly. The new Avrami＇s model is proved more suitable to reflect the complex adsorption mechanism for two molecular sieves. The materials are proved having much better adsorption capacity than the other adsorbents with room temperature and low CO2 concentration （≤ 1.0% in volume）, and they can meet the aerospace requirements. This work will benefit the optimal design and simulation of the air revitalization （AR） system for Chinese manned spacecraft.展开更多
Titanium dioxide （TiO2） thin films were grown onto Indium tin oxide （ITO） glass under atmospheric pressure by chemical va- por deposition （AP-MOCVD） using titanium tetraisopropoxide astitanium precursor. The as-...Titanium dioxide （TiO2） thin films were grown onto Indium tin oxide （ITO） glass under atmospheric pressure by chemical va- por deposition （AP-MOCVD） using titanium tetraisopropoxide astitanium precursor. The as-prepared TiOe/ITO films were characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and photoelectrochemical measurements. Their photocatalytic （PC） and photoelec- trocatalytic （PEC） activities were evaluated based on the results of methyl orange dye （MO） degradation experiments in aque- ous solution. The difference between the front side （EE, electrolyte/electrode interface） and the back side （SE, sub- strate/electrode interface） illumination was evaluated in both photocurrent and MO degradation experiments. The effect of the film thickness on degradation rate by PEC under the two illumination directions was also studied. Stability of TiO2/ITO film electrode was investigated in repetitive degradation experiments. Overall, the TiO2/ITO film with thickness ranging from 321 to1440 nm deposited by MOCVD method is an effective photoelectrode for MO degradation under SE illumination in PEC reaction system.展开更多
文摘目的研究多年生叶类蔬菜在受控生态生保系统(Controlled Ecological Life Support System,CELSS)中的生长和生产情况。方法在绿航星际—4人180天CELSS集成试验中,引入4种多年生叶类蔬菜(绿背天葵、芹菜、韭菜和空心菜),通过对生长情况、生长速率以及营养成分等指标与生菜进行比较,分析多年生叶类蔬菜在CELSS中的应用前景。结果4种多年生叶类蔬菜在集成试验中生长状态良好;试验结束时,绿背天葵和空心菜可食部分生产速率高于生菜;多年生叶类蔬菜的收获间隔时间短,且营养成分与生菜相当。结论多年生叶类蔬菜具有管理简单、收获间隔短、产量稳定等特点,能够在未来长期深空探测或星球基地任务的生保系统构建中发挥重要作用。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant 40473021） the National 973- Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2003CB214600） the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, and the jointed project of Max-Planck-Institute of Society and Chinese Academy of Sciences in Max-Planck-Institute of Nuclear Physics,Heidelberg, Germany.
文摘This paper discusses the relationship between the volume loss, fluid flow and component variations in the ductile shear zone of the southern Tan-Lu fault belt. The results show that there is a large amount of fluids flowing through the shear zone during mylonitization, accompanied with the loss of volume of rocks and variations of elements and oxygen isotopes. The calculated temperature for mylonitization in different mylonites ranges from 446 to 484℃, corresponding to that of 475 to 500℃ for the wall rocks. The condition of differential stress during mylonization has been obtained between 99 and 210 MPa, whereas the differential stress in the wall rock gneiss is 70-78 MPa. The mylonites are enriched by factors of 1.32-1.87 in elements such as TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Y, Zr and V and depleted in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al203, Sr, Rb and light REEs compared to their protolith gneiss. The immobile element enrichments are attributed to enrichments in residual phases such as ilmentite, zircon, apatite and epidote in mylonites and are interpreted as due to volume losses from 15% to 60% in the ductile shear zone. The largest amount of SiO2 loss is 35.76 g/100 g in the ductile shear zone, which shows the fluid infiltration. Modeling calculated results of the fluid/rock ratio for the ductile shear zone range from 196 to 1192 by assuming different degrees of fluid saturation. Oxygen isotope changes of quartz and feldspar and the calculated fluid are corresponding to the variations of differential flow stress in the ductile shear zone. With increasing differential flow stress, the mylonites show a slight decrease of δ^18O in quartz, K-feldspar and fluid.
基金the financial support of the Open Funding Project of National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering(No.SYFD14005181K)
文摘Two kinds of molecular sieve materials, TC-5A and PSA-5A, were produced to satisfy with special requirement of manned space flight. Their CO2 adsorption performances were investi- gated and compared through two experiments, the thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA） experiment and packed bed column experiment. Besides, some kinetic equations were compared according to the TGA experimental data, and their errors were analyzed. Finally, the classic linear driving force （LDF） model is improved to the new Avrami＇s model, and two models are analyzed based on the packed bed data. The TGA data shows that the CO2 loading has an approximately linear relation- ship with the CO2 concentration, and the best fit adsorption temperature range is from 283 to 303 K. The packed bed column results show that water vapor in air can affect the CO2 adsorption performance badly. The new Avrami＇s model is proved more suitable to reflect the complex adsorption mechanism for two molecular sieves. The materials are proved having much better adsorption capacity than the other adsorbents with room temperature and low CO2 concentration （≤ 1.0% in volume）, and they can meet the aerospace requirements. This work will benefit the optimal design and simulation of the air revitalization （AR） system for Chinese manned spacecraft.
基金financial support to this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21076188, 20836008, 20976158, 20990221and 21076189)the Key Innovation Team for Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province of China (2009R50047)
文摘Titanium dioxide （TiO2） thin films were grown onto Indium tin oxide （ITO） glass under atmospheric pressure by chemical va- por deposition （AP-MOCVD） using titanium tetraisopropoxide astitanium precursor. The as-prepared TiOe/ITO films were characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and photoelectrochemical measurements. Their photocatalytic （PC） and photoelec- trocatalytic （PEC） activities were evaluated based on the results of methyl orange dye （MO） degradation experiments in aque- ous solution. The difference between the front side （EE, electrolyte/electrode interface） and the back side （SE, sub- strate/electrode interface） illumination was evaluated in both photocurrent and MO degradation experiments. The effect of the film thickness on degradation rate by PEC under the two illumination directions was also studied. Stability of TiO2/ITO film electrode was investigated in repetitive degradation experiments. Overall, the TiO2/ITO film with thickness ranging from 321 to1440 nm deposited by MOCVD method is an effective photoelectrode for MO degradation under SE illumination in PEC reaction system.
