Capillary Property of Entangled Porous Metallic Wire materials and Its Application in Fluid Buffers:Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study

Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).

Quasi-static and low-velocity impact mechanical behaviors of entangled porous metallic wire material under different temperatures

To improve the defense capability of military equipment under extreme conditions,impact-resistant and high-energy-consuming materials have to be developed.The damping characteristic of entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM)for vibration isolation was previously investigated.In this paper,a study focusing on the impact-resistance of EPMWM with the consideration of ambient temperature is presented.The quasi-static and low-velocity impact mechanical behavior of EPMWM under different temperatures(25℃-300℃)are systematically studied.The results of the static compression test show that the damping energy dissipation of EPMWM increases with temperature while the nonlinear damping characteristics are gradually enhanced.During the impact experiments,the impact energy loss rate of EPMWM was between 65%and 85%,while the temperatures increased from 25℃to 300℃.Moreover,under the same drop impact conditions,the overall deformation of EPMWM decreases in the temperature range of 100℃-200℃.On the other hand,the impact stiffness,energy dissipation,and impact loss factor of EPMWM significantly increase with temperature.This can be attributed to an increase in temperature,which changes the thermal expansion coefficient and contact state of the internal wire helixes.Consequently,the energy dissipation mode(dry friction,air damping,and plastic deformation)of EPMWM is also altered.Therefore,the EPMWM may act as a potential candidate material for superior energy absorption applications.

Realizing methanol synthesis from CO and water via the synergistic effect of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)over Cu/ZrO_(2) catalyst

The optimizing utilization of ca rbon resources has drawn wide attention all over the world,while exploiting the high-efficiency catalytic routes remains a challenge.Here,a direct methanol synthesis route is realized from pure CO and H_(2)O over 10%Cu/t-ZrO_(2) catalyst,where the time yield of methanol is144.43 mmol mol_(Cu)^(-1)h^(-1)and the methanol selectivity in hydrocarbons is 100%,The Cu species highly dispersed in the t-ZrO_(2) support lead parts of them in the cationic state.The Cu^(+)sites contribute to the dissociation of H_(2)O,providing the H*source for methanol synthesis,while the formed Cu^(0) sites promote the absorption and transfer of H*during the reaction.Moreover,the H_(2)O is even a better H resource than H_(2) due to its better dissociation effectivity in this catalytic system.The present work offers a new approach for methanol synthesis from CO and new insight into the process of supplying H donor.

Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and daytime.Field experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangmai 18’(YM18),‘Sumai 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth stage.The treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(T-J)),jointing-booting(NWJ-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the control.The effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat grains.The wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(T-J)than in NN in the 2-year experiment.The yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and SM188.Treatment NW_(T-J)increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth stage.The flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter accumulation.NW_(T-J)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield formation.Overall,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry matter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

The effect of Ti and Zr content on the structure,mechanics and energy-release characteristics of Ti—Zr—Ta alloys

Energetic structural materials(ESMs)are a new type of structural materials with bearing and damage characteristics.In this work the microstructure,mechanical properties and energy release characteristics of multi-element Ti-Zr-Ta alloys with good casting performance were studied.The microstructure of the Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys gradually change from BCC+HCP to single BCC structure with the increase of Ti.While the Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys was still uniform and single BCC structure with the increase of Zr.The evolution of microstructure and composition then greatly affect the mechanical properties and energy-release characteristics of Ti-Zr-Ta alloys.The synergistic effect of dual phase structure increases the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=0.2,0.5)with the Ti content decreases,while the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=2.0,3.0,4.0)gradually increase with the Ti content increases caused by the annihilation of the obstacles for dislocation movement.And as Zr content increases,the fracture strain of Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys decrease,then the oxidation reaction rate and fragmentation degree gradually increase.The higher oxidation rate and the lager exposed oxidation area jointly leads the higher releasing energy efficiency of Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys with low Ti content and Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys with high Zr content.

Spinal Vertebral Fracture Detection and Fracture Level Assessment Based on Deep Learning

This paper addresses the common orthopedic trauma of spinal vertebral fractures and aims to enhance doctors’diagnostic efficiency.Therefore,a deep-learning-based automated diagnostic systemwithmulti-label segmentation is proposed to recognize the condition of vertebral fractures.The whole spine Computed Tomography(CT)image is segmented into the fracture,normal,and background using U-Net,and the fracture degree of each vertebra is evaluated(Genant semi-qualitative evaluation).The main work of this paper includes:First,based on the spatial configuration network(SCN)structure,U-Net is used instead of the SCN feature extraction network.The attention mechanismandthe residual connectionbetweenthe convolutional layers are added in the local network(LN)stage.Multiple filtering is added in the global network(GN)stage,and each layer of the LN decoder feature map is filtered separately using dot product,and the filtered features are re-convolved to obtain the GN output heatmap.Second,a network model with improved SCN(M-SCN)helps automatically localize the center-of-mass position of each vertebra,and the voxels around each localized vertebra were clipped,eliminating a large amount of redundant information(e.g.,background and other interfering vertebrae)and keeping the vertebrae to be segmented in the center of the image.Multilabel segmentation of the clipped portion was subsequently performed using U-Net.This paper uses VerSe’19,VerSe’20(using only data containing vertebral fractures),and private data(provided by Guizhou Orthopedic Hospital)for model training and evaluation.Compared with the original SCN network,the M-SCN reduced the prediction error rate by 1.09%and demonstrated the effectiveness of the improvement in ablation experiments.In the vertebral segmentation experiment,the Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)index reached 93.50%and the Maximum Symmetry Surface Distance(MSSD)index was 4.962 mm,with accuracy and recall of 95.82%and 91.73%,respectively.Fractured vertebrae were also marked as red and normal vertebrae were marked as white in the experiment,and the semi-qualitative assessment results of Genant were provided,as well as the results of spinal localization visualization and 3D reconstructed views of the spine to analyze the actual predictive ability of the model.It provides a promising tool for vertebral fracture detection.

鲁迅小说《药》中的“康大叔”与“黑的人”

鲁迅小说《药》中“康大叔”与“黑的人”并非同一人。前者属于鲁迅所说“愚弱的国民”“示众的材料和看客”;后者是杀害革命者的职业刽子手。比较后者,以康大叔为代表的社会普通人对生命的冷漠、对革命的漠不关心,更令人寒心与不安。而这,正是鲁迅要唤醒民众,一起为革命理想共同奋斗的原因。

Tungsten combustion in impact initiated W-Al composite based on W(Al) super-saturated solid solution

Element W can effectively improve the density of energetic structural materials. However, W is an inert element and does not combust in air. To change the reaction characteristics of W, 60 at.% Al was introduced into W through mechanical alloying. XRD analysis shows that after 50 h of ball milling, the diffraction peak of Al completely disappears and W(Al60) super-saturated solid solution powder is obtained. Further observation by HAADF and HRTEM reveals that the W(Al60) super-saturated solid solution powder is a mixture of solid solution and amorphous phase. Based on the good thermal stability of W(Al60) alloy powder below 1000℃, W(Al60)-Al composite was synthesized by hot pressing process.Impact initiation experiments suggest that the W(Al60)-Al composite has excellent reaction characteristics, and multiple types of tungsten oxides are detected in the reaction products, showing that the modified W is combustible in air. Due to the combustion of tungsten, the energy release rate of the W(Al60)-Al composite at speed of 1362 m/s reaches 2.71 kJ/g.

Towards extreme fast charging of 4.6 V LiCoO_(2) via mitigating high-voltage kinetic hindrance

High-voltage LiCoO_(2)(LCO) is an attractive cathode for ultra-high energy density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) in the 3 C markets.However,the sluggish lithium-ion diffusion at high voltage significantly hampers its rate capability.Herein,combining experiments with density functional theory(DFT) calculations,we demonstrate that the kinetic limitations can be mitigated by a facial Mg^(2+)+Gd^(3+)co-doping method.The as-prepared LCO shows significantly enhanced Li-ion diffusion mobility at high voltage,making more homogenous Li-ion de/intercalation at a high-rate charge/discharge process.The homogeneity enables the structural stability of LCO at a high-rate current density,inhibiting stress accumulation and irreversible phase transition.When used in combination with a Li metal anode,the doped LCO shows an extreme fast charging(XFC) capability,with a superior high capacity of 193.1 mAh g^(-1)even at the current density of 20 C and high-rate capacity retention of 91.3% after 100 cycles at 5 C.This work provides a new insight to prepare XFC high-voltage LCO cathode materials.

Nyström kernel algorithm based on least logarithmic hyperbolic cosine loss

Kernel adaptive filters(KAFs)have sparked substantial attraction for online non-linear learning applications.It is noted that the effectiveness of KAFs is highly reliant on a rational learning criterion.Concerning this,the logarithmic hyperbolic cosine(lncosh)criterion with better robustness and convergence has drawn attention in recent studies.However,existing lncosh loss-based KAFs use the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)for optimization,which lack a trade-off between the convergence speed and accuracy.But recursion-based KAFs can provide more effective filtering performance.Therefore,a Nyström method-based robust sparse kernel recursive least lncosh loss algorithm is derived in this article.Experiments via measures and synthetic data against the non-Gaussian noise confirm the superiority with regard to the robustness,accuracy performance,and computational cost.

Pulmonary delivery of mucus-traversing PF127-modified silk fibroin nanoparticles loading with quercetin for lung cancer therapy

The mucosal barrier remains a major barrier in the pulmonary drug delivery system,as mucociliary clearance in the airway accelerates the removal of inhaled nanoparticles(NPs).Herein,we designed and developed the inhalable Pluronic F127-modified silk fibroin NPs loading with quercetin(marked as QR-SF(PF127)NPs),aiming to solve the airway mucus barrier and improve the cancer therapeutic effect of QR.The PF127 coating on the SF NPs could attenuate the interaction between NPs and mucin proteins,thus facilitating the diffusion of SF(PF127)NPs in the mucus layer.The QR-SF(PF127)NPs had particle sizes of approximately 200 nm with negatively charged surfaces and showed constant drug release properties.Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching(FRAP)assay and transepithelial transport test showed that QR-SF(PF127)NPs exhibited superior mucus-penetrating ability in artificial mucus and monolayer Calu-3 cell model.Notably,a large amount of QR-SF(PF127)NPs distributed uniformly in the mice airway section,indicating the good retention of NPs in the respiratory tract.Themicemelanoma lungmetastasismodel was established,and the therapeutic effect of QR-SF(PF127)NPs was significantly improved in vivo.PF127-modified SF NPs may be a promising strategy to attenuate the interaction with mucin proteins and enhancemucus penetration efficiency in the pulmonary drug delivery system.

Effects of an Omaha System-based follow-up regimen on self-care and quality of life in gastrointestinal surgery patients

BACKGROUND Currently,a variety of new nursing methods and routine nursing have been widely used in the nursing of gastrointestinal surgery patients.AIM To investigate the effect of follow-up protocol based on the Omaha System on self-care ability and quality of life of gastrointestinal surgery patients.METHODS A total of 128 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in gastrointestinal surgery in gastrointestinal surgery from March 2019 to August 2021 were divided into A(n=64)and B(n=64)groups according to different nursing methods.The group A received a follow-up program Omaha System-based intervention of the group B,whereas the group B received the routine nursing intervention.Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,Crohn’s and Colitis Knowledge Score(CCKNOW),inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire(IBDQ),Exercise of Self-nursing Agency Scale(ESCA),The Modified Mayo Endoscopic Score,and Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire(BMQ)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Following the intervention,the group A were facing score significantly increased than group B,while the avoidance and yield scores dropped below of group B(all P<0.05);in group A,the level of health knowledge,personal care abilities,self-perception,self-awareness score and ESCA total score were more outstanding than group B(all P<0.05);in group A the frequency of defecation,hematochezia,endoscopic performance,the total evaluation score by physicians and the disease activity were lower than group B(all P<0.05);in the group A,the total scores of knowledge in general,diet,drug,and complication and CCKNOW were higher than group B(all P<0.05);in group A,the necessity of taking medicine,score of medicine concern and over-all score of BMQ were more significant than group B(all P<0.05);at last in the group A,the scores of systemic and intestinal symptoms,social and emotional function,and IBDQ in the group A were higher than group B(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION For gastrointestinal surgery patients,the Omaha System-based sequel protocol can improve disease awareness and intervention compliance,help them to face the disease positively,reduce disease activity,and improve patients’self-nursing ability and quality of life.

基于镐形截齿侵入破岩试验的岩石可切割性分析与预测

为了研究围压条件和岩石强度参数对岩石可切割性的影响,开展一系列镐形截齿侵入破岩试验。利用回归分析、支持向量机(SVM)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)分析岩石可切割性与施加在岩石上的单轴围压和岩石强度参数(单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度)之间的关系。得到的回归模型和SVM模型可以准确反映岩石可切割性的变化规律。分析结果表明,随着单轴围压的增加,岩石的可切割性先降低后增加,岩石的可切割性与岩石抗压强度和抗拉强度呈负相关。根据预测模型计算得到镐型截齿切割坚硬磷矿石的最佳应力条件和切割参数,从而使基于多截齿旋转切割的纵轴悬臂式掘进机成功应用于坚硬磷矿石的开采。

饱水和天然状态下页岩滞后效应及阻尼特性研究

运用RLW-2000型微机伺服岩石三轴试验机,对饱水状态和天然状态页岩在不同围压下进行三轴循环加卸载试验,分析了两种含水状态页岩的力学特性和滞后效应,并基于能量原理讨论了阻尼比演化规律。试验结果表明:随循环次数增加,累积残余应变逐渐增加,相对残余应变先降低,后趋于稳定区域,直至破坏前急剧增加;饱水页岩的加卸载变形模量均比天然页岩小,加载变形模量整体比卸载变形模量小;在加载和卸载阶段,均出现应变始终滞后于应力的现象;饱水页岩的滞后效应比天然页岩更明显。提出了考虑滞后效应的能量计算方法,较以往能量计算的误差更小。最后基于能量原理对阻尼比的计算公式进行修正,发现饱水页岩的阻尼比比天然页岩大。阻尼比的变化较好地反映了页岩损伤机制,可作为预判页岩失稳破坏的重要指标。

加卸载应力作用下煤岩渗透率演化模型研究

为研究开采过程中煤岩力学行为及渗透率演化规律,运用含瓦斯煤热-流-固耦合渗流伺服试验系统,进行了不同加卸载条件下原煤力学及渗流试验,分析了加卸载应力作用对煤岩变形及渗流规律的影响,得到了剪胀角随塑性剪切应变的变化关系,发现了塑性剪切应变在1.6%左右会出现剪胀角急剧变化的现象。根据试验现象和结果,考虑煤岩结构对渗透率的影响,对煤岩在弹性阶段和屈服损伤后的结构进行简化,基于火柴棍模型及渗流理论分析,从应变的角度出发,探讨了加卸载应力对煤岩渗透率的影响,建立了两个不同阶段的渗透率模型(即弹性阶段和损伤阶段),基于不同阶段的渗透率模型和剪胀角规律,构建了煤岩全过程渗透率模型。所构建的渗透率模型与试验结果对比吻合效果较好,验证了该模型的适用性,可以为实现煤与瓦斯共采提供一定的理论依据。

深部硬岩矿山高频冲击锤非爆机械化开采现场应用

采用高频冲击锤开展非爆机械化开采现场试验,研究高频冲击锤在深部硬岩矿山应用的可行性。现场开采试验前,先监测矿体上开挖松动区范围,并从待开采矿柱上取样,进行截齿破岩试验,指导现场采矿试验。采矿试验中高频冲击锤的整体开采效率达到50.6 t/h,开挖卸压槽后开采其上部矿体效率高达158.2 t/h。这表明高频冲击锤在深部硬岩矿山具有良好的应用前景,卸压槽有利于非爆破机械化开采。同时,高频冲击锤还表现出工时利用率高、剥落矿块块度小、粉尘少、开采扰动小等优点。最后,基于现场应用和截齿破岩试验结果,提出基于高频冲击锤的深部硬岩矿山非爆机械化开采方法。

瓦斯压力和应力对裂隙影响下的渗透率模型研究

煤层的渗透率演化对研究矿井瓦斯抽采、煤层气开采及钻孔优化布置起到至关重要的作用。为了研究瓦斯压力-裂隙及应力-裂隙耦合作用对煤岩渗透率演化模型的影响,基于应变,探讨了瓦斯压力和应力作用对煤体裂隙变形和渗透率的影响,构建了基于瓦斯压力-裂隙及应力-裂隙耦合的煤体渗透率理论模型,并结合前人的试验数据,对建立的基于瓦斯压力-裂隙及应力-裂隙耦合的煤体渗透率模型进行了对比验证。研究结果表明:①将煤体的结构单元体简化为立方体模型,分别分析了瓦斯压力引起的裂隙变形与煤体基质吸附变形引起的裂隙变形对煤体渗透率的影响;基于煤岩裂隙宽度与渗透率的关系,推导了瓦斯压力-裂隙耦合作用下煤体的渗透率模型。②侧向应力对裂隙变形的影响与煤体吸附所引起的内膨胀变形相似,均通过改变煤体骨架向裂隙内部膨胀来影响煤体裂隙的变形;通过试验数据验证了侧向应力和法向应力对煤体渗透率的影响机理相同,构建了三向应力-裂隙耦合作用下煤体的渗透率模型。③结合前人的试验数据,进行了全局优化非线性拟合,与基于有效应力的模型相比,所构建的模型与试验数据吻合度较好,验证了所建立模型的可靠性,并发现裂隙对法向应力的敏感性远大于侧向应力。

用药物代谢速度代替浓度线性化Hill量效曲线的研究（英文）

目的从Hill量效与靶受体代谢动力学关系一致性角度探讨成分的速效关系,建立效应的线性化法。方法根据Hill量效方程与受体的Michaelis-Menten动力学关系,比其一致性,用多元微分方程组建立线性化的速效关系。并用乙酰胆碱、肾上腺素及两者混合液体外验证所创模型。结果建立了单成分及多成分,体内与体外的速效关系模型,发现采用饱和高浓度与线性低浓度实验可测算单成分与多成分的药效动力学参数,特别是能适宜中药复方多成分有效性的研究。乙酰胆碱的药效动力学参数k为2.675×10-3 s^(-1),k-9a为5.786×10 s^(-1),km为2.500×10-7 s^(-1),α为4.619×109张s·m g^(-1),E0为13张(P <0.01);肾上腺素的药效动力学参数k为1.415×10-3 s^(-1),k-9a为5.846×10 s^(-1),km为2.300×10-7 s^(-1),α为^(-1).627×109张s·m g^(-1),E0为9.2张(P <0.01);两药混合后的α分别为1.375×1010张s·m g^(-1)和-6.150×109张s·m g^(-1),而E0为7.08张(P <0.01);结论采用速效关系可线性化Hill量效方程,中药复方的有效性问题可采用体内外的速效关系模型进行研究。

贝叶斯方法在肿瘤新药早期临床研发中的发展与应用

贝叶斯学派是通过综合未知参数的先验信息与样本信息,依据贝叶斯定理,求出后验分布,根据后验分布推断未知参数的统计方法。相比频率派,贝叶斯学派更加灵活、高效。肿瘤新药是全球研发的热点,但同时也存在高失败率的风险。在肿瘤新药早期研发中,高效寻找最佳剂量、优势人群、估计疗效和成功率是医药企业和研究者的共同需求。近年来,肿瘤新药研发呈现化学药物生物制品转变、单药治疗向联合治疗转变、传统设计向创新设计转变等新趋势;伴随出现的各种挑战,包括无法找到最高耐受剂量、延迟毒性、延迟反应、剂量疗效关系变化、剂量组合众多等。基于贝叶斯方法,恰当借用先验信息,能有效帮助企业在肿瘤早期研发中,实现从传统研发模式(高投入、长周期、低效率)向现代研发模式(低投入、短周期、高效率)的转变。研究还进行了贝叶斯方法在肿瘤新药早期研发的进展阐述,与频率派的理念、应用场景的比较分析,可为医药研发的所有从业人员提供宏观、系统的参考。

Variance-based fingerprint distance adjustment algorithm for indoor localization

The multipath effect and movements of people in indoor environments lead to inaccurate localization. Through the test, calculation and analysis on the received signal strength indication （RSSI） and the variance of RSSI, we propose a novel variance-based fingerprint distance adjustment algorithm （VFDA）. Based on the rule that variance decreases with the increase of RSSI mean, VFDA calculates RSSI variance with the mean value of received RSSIs. Then, we can get the correction weight. VFDA adjusts the fingerprint distances with the correction weight based on the variance of RSSI, which is used to correct the fingerprint distance. Besides, a threshold value is applied to VFDA to improve its performance further. VFDA and VFDA with the threshold value are applied in two kinds of real typical indoor environments deployed with several Wi-Fi access points. One is a quadrate lab room, and the other is a long and narrow corridor of a building. Experimental results and performance analysis show that in indoor environments, both VFDA and VFDA with the threshold have better positioning accuracy and environmental adaptability than the current typical positioning methods based on the k-nearest neighbor algorithm and the weighted k-nearest neighbor algorithm with similar computational costs.