So far, three reversals have occurred in the history of Western metaphysics. The first was the reversal from the ＂metaphysics of presence＂ represented by Platonism to the ＂metaphysics of subjectivity＂ represented ...So far, three reversals have occurred in the history of Western metaphysics. The first was the reversal from the ＂metaphysics of presence＂ represented by Platonism to the ＂metaphysics of subjectivity＂ represented by Descartes, Kant and Hegel. The second occurred within the framework of the metaphysics of subjectivity and marked the transformation from the ＂metaphysics of reason＂ represented by Descartes, Kant and Hegel to the ＂metaphysics of will＂ represented by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The third reversal was from the ＂metaphysics of being-there＂ of the earlier phase of Hcidegger＇s philosophy to his later ＂metaphysics of the world-fourfold.＂展开更多
In response to the tricky problem, raised by Hume, of the relationship between causality and freedom, Kant came up with the concept of two kinds of causality： causality of nature and causality of freedom. While the f...In response to the tricky problem, raised by Hume, of the relationship between causality and freedom, Kant came up with the concept of two kinds of causality： causality of nature and causality of freedom. While the former belongs in the phenomenal realm in the context of speculative reason, the latter, no more than a negative notion in the transcendental realm of things-in-themselves, nevertheless acquires actual objectivity in the context of practical reason. What causality of freedom confirms is freedom in the transcendental rather than the psychological sense. As Kant saw it, these two kinds of causality coexist in divided form in man, who is an existing being both in the realm of phenomena and in that of things-in-themselves. After Kant, it was Marx who, critically synthesizing the contributions of Hegel and Sehopenhauer, succeeded in revealing the hidden answer to the question of Kant＇s concept of two kinds of causality. That is productive labor, which implies both the dimension of goals and the causality of freedom and that of the causality of nature and historical causality. In the context of Marx＇s historical materialism, productive labor emerges as a kingdom of necessity at the very basis of the kingdom of freedom.展开更多
This article combines with the author＇s academic experience, especially the papers he has published in Zhongguo Shehui Kexue （中国社会科学） in recent years, to discuss the extremely important role of the journal in...This article combines with the author＇s academic experience, especially the papers he has published in Zhongguo Shehui Kexue （中国社会科学） in recent years, to discuss the extremely important role of the journal in creatively advancing the study of Marx＇s philosophy. This progress is mainly evident in three respects： a new understanding of the essence of Marx＇s philosophy; a new exploration of its historical development; and new reflections on its origins.展开更多
According to material currently available, we can say that Engels was the first to have used the concept of ＂classical German philosophy.＂ In his Dialectics of Nature （1873-1886） he made a chance reference to this...According to material currently available, we can say that Engels was the first to have used the concept of ＂classical German philosophy.＂ In his Dialectics of Nature （1873-1886） he made a chance reference to this concept and in Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy （1888） he made formal use of it.展开更多
文摘So far, three reversals have occurred in the history of Western metaphysics. The first was the reversal from the ＂metaphysics of presence＂ represented by Platonism to the ＂metaphysics of subjectivity＂ represented by Descartes, Kant and Hegel. The second occurred within the framework of the metaphysics of subjectivity and marked the transformation from the ＂metaphysics of reason＂ represented by Descartes, Kant and Hegel to the ＂metaphysics of will＂ represented by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The third reversal was from the ＂metaphysics of being-there＂ of the earlier phase of Hcidegger＇s philosophy to his later ＂metaphysics of the world-fourfold.＂
文摘In response to the tricky problem, raised by Hume, of the relationship between causality and freedom, Kant came up with the concept of two kinds of causality： causality of nature and causality of freedom. While the former belongs in the phenomenal realm in the context of speculative reason, the latter, no more than a negative notion in the transcendental realm of things-in-themselves, nevertheless acquires actual objectivity in the context of practical reason. What causality of freedom confirms is freedom in the transcendental rather than the psychological sense. As Kant saw it, these two kinds of causality coexist in divided form in man, who is an existing being both in the realm of phenomena and in that of things-in-themselves. After Kant, it was Marx who, critically synthesizing the contributions of Hegel and Sehopenhauer, succeeded in revealing the hidden answer to the question of Kant＇s concept of two kinds of causality. That is productive labor, which implies both the dimension of goals and the causality of freedom and that of the causality of nature and historical causality. In the context of Marx＇s historical materialism, productive labor emerges as a kingdom of necessity at the very basis of the kingdom of freedom.
文摘This article combines with the author＇s academic experience, especially the papers he has published in Zhongguo Shehui Kexue （中国社会科学） in recent years, to discuss the extremely important role of the journal in creatively advancing the study of Marx＇s philosophy. This progress is mainly evident in three respects： a new understanding of the essence of Marx＇s philosophy; a new exploration of its historical development; and new reflections on its origins.
文摘According to material currently available, we can say that Engels was the first to have used the concept of ＂classical German philosophy.＂ In his Dialectics of Nature （1873-1886） he made a chance reference to this concept and in Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy （1888） he made formal use of it.
