Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in China: Progress and Prospects of Research on Treatment Technologies and Policy Provisions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.

品种和有机肥对全株玉米青贮品质、消化特性及有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在探讨有机肥对不同品种的全株玉米青贮品质、消化特性及有氧稳定性的影响。采用双因素试验设计,选用大康205(DK205)、高油958(HO958)、中玉335(ZY335)和中农787(ZN787)4个玉米品种,分别进行施用有机肥和不施用有机肥两个处理,于蜡熟期收割并进行全株青贮,发酵200 d后对相关指标进行分析。结果表明,品种和有机肥的互作效应对乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量和氨态氮/总氮比值有影响(P<0.05);品种和有机肥的互作效应可影响干物质、粗蛋白、淀粉和酸性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05)。施用有机肥组的体外干物质消化率及有氧稳定性较高,中农787的体外中性洗涤纤维消化率高于其他3个品种(P<0.05)。研究表明,施用有机肥对不同品种全株玉米青贮品质、消化特性及有氧稳定性均起到不同程度的改善作用,中农787适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种在内蒙古地区推广种植,施用有机肥可以进一步提高青贮品质。

Pericytes protect rats and mice from sepsis-induced injuries by maintaining vascular reactivity and barrier function:implication of miRNAs and microvesicles

Background Vascular hyporeactivity and leakage are key pathophysiologic features that produce multi-organ damage upon sepsis.We hypothesized that pericytes,a group of pluripotent cells that maintain vascular integrity and tension,are protective against sepsis via regulating vascular reactivity and permeability.Methods We conducted a series of in vivo experiments using wild-type(WT),platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β(PDGFR-β)-Cre+mT/mG transgenic mice and Tie2-Cre+Cx43^(flox/flox)mice to examine the relative contribution of pericytes in sepsis,either induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)challenge.In a separate set of experiments with Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,pericytes were depleted using CP-673451,a selective PDGFR-βinhibitor,at a dosage of 40 mg/(kg·d)for 7 consecutive days.Cultured pericytes,vascular endothelial cells(VECs)and vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)were used for mechanistic investigations.The effects of pericytes and pericyte-derived microvesicles(PCMVs)and candidate miRNAs on vascular reactivity and barrier function were also examined.Results CLP and LPS induced severe injury/loss of pericytes,vascular hyporeactivity and leakage(P<0.05).Transplantation with exogenous pericytes protected vascular reactivity and barrier function via microvessel colonization(P<0.05).Cx43 knockout in either pericytes or VECs reduced pericyte colonization in microvessels(P<0.05).Additionally,PCMVs transferred miR-145 and miR-132 to VSMCs and VECs,respectively,exerting a protective effect on vascular reactivity and barrier function after sepsis(P<0.05).miR-145 primarily improved the contractile response of VSMCs by activating the sphingosine kinase 2(Sphk2)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor(S1PR)1/phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 pathway,whereas miR-132 effectively improved the barrier function of VECs by activating the Sphk2/S1PR2/zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial-cadherin pathways.Conclusions Pericytes are protective against sepsis through regulating vascular reactivity and barrier function.Possible mechanisms include both direct colonization of microvasculature and secretion of PCMVs.

真空压力对玻璃纤维复合材料显微组织的影响

为解决航空航天工业中先进的玻璃纤维复合材料工艺控制困难的问题,并优化全生命周期中制造环节的质量,以三组不同真空压力和压实时间为变量条件,采用正交试验法,对三组试验件分别采用外观目视检测、超声波检测及金相显微检测三种方式进行内外部缺陷检测,验证真空压力对玻璃纤维夹层材料宏观和微观影响及趋势。结果表明:随着真空压力增大和压实时间延长,材料厚度呈现减小趋势;真空压力和压实时间对声波检测结果影响不明显;胶膜厚度虽然呈压缩趋势,但均衡性变差;材料内部纤维缺陷或组织缺陷都有明显改善。

Aboveground carbon sequestration of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests:Magnitude and drivers

Understanding the spatial variation,temporal changes,and their underlying driving forces of carbon sequestration in various forests is of great importance for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon management options.How carbon density and sequestration in various Cunninghamia lanceolata forests,extensively cultivated for timber production in subtropical China,vary with biodiversity,forest structure,environment,and cultural factors remain poorly explored,presenting a critical knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequestration supply potential through management.Based on a large-scale database of 449 permanent forest inventory plots,we quantified the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of aboveground carbon densities and carbon accumulation rates in Cunninghamia lanceolate forests in Hunan Province,China,and attributed the contributions of stand structure,environmental,and management factors to the heterogeneity using quantile age-sequence analysis,partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM),and hot-spot analysis.The results showed lower values of carbon density and sequestration on average,in comparison with other forests in the same climate zone(i.e.,subtropics),with pronounced spatial and temporal variability.Specifically,quantile regression analysis using carbon accumulation rates along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequestration rates among underperformed and outperformed forests(0.50 and 1.80 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)).PLS-PM demonstrated that maximum DBH and stand density were the main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon density from young to mature forests.Furthermore,species diversity and geotopographic factors were the significant factors causing the large discrepancy in aboveground carbon density change between low-and high-carbon-bearing forests.Hotspot analysis revealed the importance of culture attributes in shaping the geospatial patterns of carbon sequestration.Our work highlighted that retaining largesized DBH trees and increasing shade-tolerant tree species were important to enhance carbon sequestration in C.lanceolate forests.

一种罕见的胃癌-胃肝样腺癌

胃肝样腺癌(hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach,HAS)是一种表现在肝脏外的罕见的特殊胃恶性肿瘤,与一般的胃癌不同,HAS的恶性程度高、侵袭性高,容易出现肝转移、淋巴转移、预后差,但是HAS的诊断、临床病理特征和预后仍有较大的争论.为了帮助临床医生更了解这种胃癌,本文从甲胎蛋白的起源开始对HAS的诊断、临床病理特征及其预后等进行系统综述,从而为这种特殊胃癌的临床诊治提供建设性的意见及帮助.

Old Pinus massoniana forests benefit more from recent rapid warming in humid subtropical areas of central-southern China

Trees progress through various growth stages,each marked by specific responses and adaptation strate-gies to environmental conditions.Despite the importance of age-related growth responses on overall forest health and management policies,limited knowledge exists regarding age-related effects on dendroclimatic relationships in key subtropical tree species.In this study,we employed a den-drochronological method to examine the impact of rapid warming on growth dynamics and climatic sensitivity of young(40–60 years)and old(100–180 years)Pinus mas-soniana forests across six sites in central-southern China.The normalized log basal area increment of trees in both age groups increased significantly following rapid warming in 1984.Trees in young forests further showed a distinct growth decline during a prolonged severe drought(2004–2013),whereas those in old forests maintained growth increases.Tree growth was more strongly influenced by temperature than by moisture,particularly in old forests.Spring tem-peratures strongly and positively impacted the growth of old trees but had a weaker effect on young ones.Old forests had a significantly lower resistance to extreme drought but faster recovery compared to young forests.The“divergence problem”was more pronounced in younger forests due to their heightened sensitivity to warming-induced drought and heat stress.With ongoing warming,young forests also may initially experience a growth decline due to their heightened sensitivity to winter drought.Our findings underscore the importance of considering age-dependent changes in forest/tree growth response to warming in subtropical forest man-agement,particularly in the context of achieving“Carbon Peak&Carbon Neutrality”goals in China.

Phase-stable wide-bandgap perovskites enabled by suppressed ion migration

Wide-bandgap(>1.7 eV)perovskites suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation due to high bromine content,causing irreversible damage to devices stability.However,the strategies of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation and related mechanisms have not been fully disclosed.Here,we report a new passivation agent 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride(4-ATpHCl)with multifunctional groups for the interface treatment of a 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite film.4-ATpH^(+)impeded halogen ion migration by anchoring on the perovskite surface,leading to the inhibition of phase segregation and thus the passivation of defects,which is ascribed to the interaction of 4-ATpH^(+)with perovskite and the formation of low-dimensional perovskites.Finally,the champion device achieved an efficiency of 19.32%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 1.314 V and a fill factor of 83.32%.Moreover,4-ATpHCl modified device exhibited significant improved stability as compared with control one.The target device maintained 80%of its initial efficiency after 519 h of maximum power output(MPP)tracking under 1 sun illumination,however,the control device showed a rapid decrease in efficiency after 267 h.Finally,an efficiency of 27.38%of the champion 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell was achieved by mechanically stacking this wide-bandgap top subcell with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap perovskite bottom subcell.

Mitigating volume expansion of silicon-based anode through interfacial engineering based on intermittent discharge strategy

Silicon is considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),but its application is limited by the large volume expansion during alloying and dealloying.The constructing of a high-performance solid electrolyte interface(SEI) film on the surface of the anode material is considered to be one of the effective strategies to mitigate volume expansion of silicon-based anode.In this study,an intermittent discharge strategy which helps to improve the utilization efficiency of electrolyte additive of lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate(LiDFBOP) is proposed to construct a highly conductive and dense SEI film.The results of electrochemical and physical characterization and theoretical calculations show that the intermittent discharge in the voltage range from open circuit voltage(OCV) to 1.8 V facilitates the diffusion of the soluble products,creates the conditions for the repeated direct contact between Si@C anode and LiDFBOP additive,increases the decomposition of LiDFBOP additive,and thus produces a uniform,dense and inorganics-rich(Li_(2)C_(2)O_(4),LiF and Li_(x)PO_yF_z) SEI film.Subsequently,this SEI film helps to ensure the even intercalation/de-intercalation of Li^(+) in the SEI film and the homogeneous diffusion of Li^(+) inside the Si particles,decreasing the internal stresses and anisotropic phase transitions,maintaining the integrity of Si particles,inhibiting the volume expansion and thu s improving the electrochemical performance of cells.This study not only improves the utilization efficiency of expensive additives through a simply and low-cost method,but also enriches the strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Si@C anode through interfacial engineering.

Simulation of crowd evacuation under attack considering emotion spreading

In recent years,attacks against crowded places such as campuses and theaters have had a frequent and negative impact on the security and stability of society.In such an event,the crowd will be subjected to high psychological stress and their emotions will rapidly spread to others.This paper establishes the attack-escape evacuation simulation model(AEES-SFM),based on the social force model,to consider emotion spreading under attack.In this model,(1)the attack-escape driving force is considered for the interaction between an attacker and evacuees and(2)emotion spreading among the evacuees is considered to modify the value of the psychological force.To validate the simulation,several experiments were carried out at a university in China.Comparing the simulation and experimental results,it is found that the simulation results are similar to the experimental results when considering emotion spreading.Therefore,the AEES-SFM is proved to be effective.By comparing the results of the evacuation simulation without emotion spreading,the emotion spreading model reduces the evacuation time and the number of casualties by about 30%,which is closer to the real experimental results.The results are still applicable in the case of a 40-person evacuation.This paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for campus response to violent attacks.

Effectiveness and economic outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with a new surgical shear with an integrated energy system:A retrospective study based on a tertiary hospital database in China

Objective:This study aimed to demonstrate a new surgical shear with an integrated energy system(Harmonic ACE^(®)+7)value by determining its effectiveness and economic outcomes compared with conventional ultrasonic shears(CUSs)in a real-world setting.Methods:This was a retrospective study of adults with prostate cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the ACE^(®)+7 shear or CUSs between August 2019 and April 2021 at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital(the headquarters and Luwan Center in China).Demographic and diagnosis information,intraoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes,and total and categorical costs were collected.Propensity score matching was performed to form the study population for each clinical group.Data were compared between the two groups using t-test and Chi-squared test.Results:The ACE^(®)+7 was associated with a lower mean number of hemostatic clips used per surgery compared with CUSs(12.8 vs.19.8,p<0.001),a moderate but not significant difference in mean postoperative drainage duration(6.6[standard deviation,SD 2.2]days vs.7.9[SD 4.1]days,p=0.082),a reduction on mean total drainage volume(275.5[SD 374.3] mL vs.492.9[SD 1495.0]mL,p=0.321),and a lower mean rate of postoperative hemostatic drug usage(16.0%vs.52.0%,p<0.001).There was no significant difference in total costs between the ACE^(®)+7 and CUS groups.Conclusion:This study provides real-world data demonstrating that the ACE^(®)+7 shear with an integrated energy system improves clinical outcomes compared with CUSs and can offer cost savings for hospitals and health systems.Using the ACE^(®)+7 during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy allows physicians to help their patients achieve better outcomes and not spend additional money.

Manipulation of band gap in 1T-TiSe_(2) via rubidium deposition

The 1T-TiSe_(2) is a two-dimensional charge-density-wave(CDW)material that attracts great interest.A small band gap locates at the Fermi level separating the Ti d-bands and Se p-bands,which makes 1T-TiSe_(2) a promising candidate for realizing excitonic condensation.Here,we studied the band gap in 1T-TiSe_(2) using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES).Instead of only focusing on the in-plane band dispersions,we obtained the detailed band dispersions of both conduction and valance bands along the out-of-plane direction.We found that the conduction and valance bands split into multiple sub-bands in the CDW state due to band folding.As a result,the band gap between the Ti d-bands and Se p-bands reduces to~25 meV and becomes a direct gap in the CDW state.More intriguingly,such band gap can be further reduced by the rubidium deposition.The band structure becomes semimetallic in the rubidium-doped sample.Meanwhile,exotic gapless behaviors were observed at the p-d band crossing.Our result characterized the band gap of 1T-TiSe_(2) in three-dimensional Brillouin zone with unpreceded precision.It also suggests a closing of band gap or a potential band inversion in 1T-TiSe_(2) driven by rubidium deposition.

Value of combining targeted emergency nursing with psychological nursing in children with febrile convulsions

BACKGROUND Febrile convulsions are a common pediatric emergency that imposes significant psychological stress on children and their families.Targeted emergency care and psychological nursing are widely applied in clinical practice,but their value and impact on the management of pediatric febrile convulsions are unclear.AIM To determine the impact of targeted emergency nursing combined with psychological nursing on satisfaction in children with febrile convulsions.METHODS Data from 111 children with febrile convulsions who received treatment at Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between June 2021 and October 2022 were analyzed.The control group consisted of 44 children who received conventional nursing care and the research group consisted of 67 children who received targeted emergency and psychological nursing.The time to fever resolution,time to resolution of convulsions,length of hospital stays,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,patient compliance,nursing satisfaction of the parents,occurrence of complications during the nursing process,and parental anxiety and depression were compared between the control and research groups.Parental anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA).RESULTS The fever resolution,convulsion disappearance,and hospitalization times were longer in the control group compared with the research group(P<0.0001).The time to falling asleep,sleep time,sleep quality,sleep disturbance,sleep efficiency,and daytime status scores were significantly better in the research group compared with the control group(P<0.0001).The HAMD and HAMA scores for parents of children in the research group were lower than the scores in the control group after nursing(P<0.05).Compliance with treatment of children in the research group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Parental satisfaction with nursing in the research group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05).The total complication rate of children in the control group was higher than in the research group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combining psychological nursing with targeted emergency nursing improved the satisfaction of children’s families and compliance with treatment and promoted early recovery of clinical symptoms and improvement of sleep quality.

Impact of well placement and flow rate on production efficiency and stress field in the fractured geothermal reservoirs

Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.The advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inaccessible geothermal resources.However,the extraction of geothermal energy from deep reservoirs poses many challenges due to high‐temperature and high‐geostress conditions.These factors can significantly impact the surrounding rock and its fracture formation.A comprehensive understanding of the thermal–hydraulic–mechanical(THM)coupling effect is crucial to the safe and efficient exploitation of geothermal resources.This study presented a THM coupling numerical model for the geothermal reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal system.This proposed model investigated the geothermal exploitation performance and the stress distribution within the reservoir under various combinations of geothermal wells and mass flow rates.The geothermal system performance was evaluated by the criteria of outlet temperature and geothermal productivity.The results indicate that the longer distance between wells can increase the outlet temperature of production wells and improve extraction efficiency in the short term.In contrast,the shorter distance between wells can reduce the heat exchange area and thus mitigate the impact on the reservoir stress.A larger mass flow rate is conducive to the production capacity enhancement of the geothermal system and,in turn causes a wider range of stress disturbance.These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of geothermal energy extraction while considering reservoir safety and long‐term sustainability.This study deepens the understanding of the THM coupling effects in geothermal systems and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for a geothermal energy system.

6个紫花苜蓿品种氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价

【目的】选择我国培育的中草3号、甘农1号、龙牧806、中苜2号、新疆大叶、公农1号等6个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,通过氨基酸组分的分析及含量的测定,综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质营养价值,为深入研究和开发利用我国紫花苜蓿资源提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,将不同品种紫花苜蓿分别种植于不同试验小区,小区面积为30 m2,重复3次。试验样品为当年种植的第一茬于初花期刈割的苜蓿,每个小区随机选3行,刈割后105℃杀青20 min,65℃烘干48 h,粉碎过60目筛。采用盐酸水解法,使用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定17种氨基酸含量,分析不同氨基酸含量及组分。通过与FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱和FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准比较,通过计算紫花苜蓿必须氨基酸比值(RAA)、必须氨基酸比值系数(RC)、必须氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI),综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质的营养价值。【结果】我国培育的6个紫花苜蓿品种均含有被测的17种氨基酸。6个紫花苜蓿品种除天冬氨酸(Asp)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、脯氨酸(Pro)、鲜味氨基酸(F)的含量以及酸鲜甜氨基酸与苦味氨基酸比值((S+F)/B)有显著差异外,其他氨基酸含量差异不显著;紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量为14.85%—19.48%、必需氨基酸的含量为5.35%—6.93%、非必需氨基酸含量为9.50%—12.55%,其中新疆大叶紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和非必需氨基酸含量高于其他品种;紫花苜蓿含有9种药效氨基酸,药效氨基酸占总氨基酸的60%以上,甘农1号、新疆大叶和公农1号紫花苜蓿的药效氨基酸含量高于其他3个品种;紫花苜蓿酸鲜甜味氨基酸含量与苦味氨基酸含量比大于1.8。除了蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸含量低于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱外,其他几种氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱。6个紫花苜蓿品种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值(E/T值)在35%—36%之间,必须氨基酸与非必须氨基酸的比值(E/N值)在54%—57%之间,E/T值和E/N值均略低于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准。6个紫花苜蓿品种的必须氨基酸比值系数分SRC值在73—77之间,必需氨基酸指数EAAI值均接近1。【结论】紫花苜蓿氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高。必需氨基酸齐全,相对均衡合理,接近人体氨基酸比例。口感好,营养价值高,为可食用优质蛋白源,并具有一定的药用价值。紫花苜蓿第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,作为蔬菜食用时建议搭配蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量高的食品作为互补,以提高其营养价值。

乳酸菌添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质和黄酮含量的影响

以紫花苜蓿为原料,分别添加植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌(1×10~6 CFU/g)青贮,探究不同乳酸菌对苜蓿青贮品质、营养成分和黄酮含量的影响。结果发现:青贮第30d和60d,添加乳酸菌对青贮苜蓿的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量无明显影响;青贮60d,添加干酪乳杆菌青贮苜蓿中WSC的含量显著高于对照(P<0.05)。青贮30d,植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌显著增加了乳酸含量(P<0.05)。青贮30d和60d,与对照相比植物乳杆菌显著降低了氨态氮/总氮和pH值(P<0.05),干酪乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌组有相同趋势但差异不显著;添加三种乳酸菌均显著增加了苜蓿中黄酮的含量(P<0.05),添加植物乳杆菌组含量最高。综上所述,添加三种不同乳酸菌一定程度上可提高苜蓿青贮发酵品质,增加青贮饲料中黄酮的含量。

土壤污染及乳酸菌添加对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响

以不添加土壤和乳酸菌为对照,设土壤添加、乳酸菌添加及土壤与乳酸菌混合添加处理,在室温罐贮条件下测定贮藏第7d、14d、28d和49d的pH值、发霉率以及贮藏49d青贮微生物数量、营养成分和发酵品质,分析土壤污染和乳酸菌添加对紫花苜蓿青贮的影响。结果表明,土壤添加处理苜蓿青贮饲料的pH值和发霉率从青贮14d开始显著高于对照(P<0.05),青贮49d时大肠杆菌数是对照的10倍以上(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量比对照降低了10.6%(P<0.05),灰分含量比对照增加了62.9%(P<0.05);土壤与乳酸菌混合添加青贮14d时的pH值显著低于对照和土壤添加处理(P<0.05),青贮28d才有少量的发霉现象,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05),霉菌与酵母菌数量约为对照的1/10(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量约为对照的1/100(P<0.05);表明土壤污染导致紫花苜蓿青贮饲料发霉率增加,发酵品质和粗蛋白含量降低,增加了灰分含量,而乳酸菌添加能够有效抑制被土壤污染的苜蓿青贮饲料的不良微生物数量,降低发霉率,减少了土壤污染对苜蓿青贮造成的损失。

Construction and application of a three-dimensional vascular variation-based nephrometry scoring system for completely endophytic renal tumors

Background:Completely endophytic renal tumors(CERT)pose significant challenges due to their anatomical complexity and loss of visual clues about tumor location.A facile scoring model based on three-dimensional(3D)reconstructed images will assist in better assessing tumor location and vascular variations.Methods:In this retrospective study,80 patients diagnosed with CERT were included.Forty cases underwent preoperative assessment using 3D reconstructed imaging(3D-Cohort),while the remaining 40 cases were assessed using two-dimensional imaging(2D-Cohort).Vascular variations were evaluated by ascertaining the presence of renal arteries>1,prehilar branching arteries,and arteries anterior to veins.The proposed scoring system,termed RAL,encompassed three critical components:(R)adius(maximal tumor diameter in cm),(A)rtery(occurrence of arterial variations),and(L)ocation relative to the polar line.Comparison of the RAL scoring system was made with established nephrometry scoring systems.Results:A total of 48(60%)patients exhibited at least one vascular variation.In the 2D-Cohort,patients with vascular variations experienced significantly prolonged operation time,increased bleeding volume,and extended warm ischemia time compared with those without vascular variations.Conversely,the presence of vascular vari-ations did not significantly affect operative parameters in the 3D-Cohort.Furthermore,the 2D-Cohort demon-strated a notable decline in both short-and long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)changes com-pared with the 3D-Cohort,a trend consistent across patients with warm ischemia time≥25 min and those with vascular variations.Notably,the 2D-Cohort exhibited a larger margin of normal renal tissue compared with the 3D-Cohort.Elevated RAL scores correlated with larger tumor size,prolonged operation time,extended warm is-chemia time,and substantial postoperative eGFR decrease.The RAL scoring system displayed superior predictive capabilities in assessing postoperative eGFR changes compared with conventional nephrometry scoring systems.Conclusions:Our proposed 3D vascular variation-based nephrometry scoring system offers heightened proficiency in preoperative assessment,precise prediction of surgical complexity,and more accurate evaluation of postoper-ative renal function in CERT patients.

同/异质型乳酸菌对苏丹草青贮饲料有氧暴露过程中酵母菌群落的影响

试验研究同/异质型乳酸菌添加对苏丹草青贮饲料发酵品质及有氧暴露过程中酵母菌群落动态的影响。试验分别设置对照(CK组)、植物乳杆菌(LP组)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(LR组)和布氏乳杆菌(LB组)4个处理组。苏丹草青贮发酵60d,在有氧暴露的第0、2、4、6、8d进行酵母菌群落动态及pH值的测定。结果显示,添加同/异质型乳酸菌显著降低苏丹草青贮饲料的pH值、丁酸以及氨态氮含量(P<0.05),显著增加苏丹草青贮饲料的乳酸含量、乳酸/乙酸、乳酸菌浓度和V-score(P<0.05)。V-score评分从高到低依次为LP组>LB组>LR组>CK组。与对照组相比,添加同/异质型乳酸菌显著提高苏丹草青贮饲料的有氧稳定时间(P<0.05),LB处理下的有氧稳定时间最长(159h)。随着有氧暴露天数的延长,所有处理组苏丹草青贮饲料中,拜氏接合酵母比例不断提高,青贮饲料的pH值均逐渐升高,LB处理对酵母菌的抑制效果最好。试验表明,在制作青贮饲料时同时使用同/异质性乳酸菌添加剂可以改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,并提高其有氧稳定性。

灌溉对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

本研究采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方式,探讨了灌溉次数对青贮玉米的产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉次数的增加,青贮玉米产量极显著提高(P <0.01),灌溉3次产量可以增加6倍。灌溉处理青贮玉米的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、碳水化合物(WSC)和淀粉含量有显著差异(P <0.05),灌溉处理显著提高了青贮玉米的MILK 2006奶吨指数8%～11%(P <0.05),与对照相比奶亩指数差异极显著(P <0.01),奶亩指数提高了2.4～5.8倍。玉米青贮饲料发酵品质差异不显著。青贮玉米栽培管理中,适当予以灌溉,可以提高产量改善品质。