A column system for modeling bentonite slurry infiltration in sands

Pressurized bentonite slurry is applied on a tunnel face to form a filter cake to stabilize the tunnel face when the slurryshield excavates through the sandy soil. Failure of the tunnel face may be caused by a high permeable filter cake, which commonlyhas a long penetration distance of slurry in sands. A column system with a height of 680 mm and a diameter of 300 mm was de-veloped to model pressurized slurry infiltration in sands. Pressure transducers were installed to estimate the hydraulic conductivityof the filter cake during slurry infiltration. The electrical conductivity of the leachate of collected samples was measured. Resultsshow that the majority of fine particles in slurry are within the range 100-300 mm into the sand specimen. The time for forming animpermeable filter cake is about 300 s, which indicates the impermeable filter cake is hard to form during the excavation.

Biocorrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg-AI layered double hydroxide/poly(L-lactic acid) hybrid coating on magnesium alloy AZ31

A Mg-AI layered double hydroxide(Mg-AI-LDH)coating was firstly synthesized via an in-situ steam coating growth method on the AZ31 Mg alloy,and then was modified with poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)via dipping and vacuum freeze-drying.The microstructure and composition of LDH/PLLA hybrid coating were analyzed by XRD,SEM,EDS and FT-IR.The biocorrosion behavior of hybrid coating was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and hydrogen evolution test in the Hank's solution.The results showed that LDH/PLLA coatings exhibited a much dense layer compared to the unmodified Mg-AI-LDH coating with unobvious boundary between PLLA and LDH coatings.The corrosion current density of the LDH/PLLA-10 hybrid coating decreased three orders of magnitude in comparison to its substrate.It was proven that the existence of the PLLA coating further prolonged the service life of the Mg-AI-LDH coating.What's more,the MTT assay and livel dead staining showed that the LDH/PLL A-10 coating had good biocompatibility for Mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts.The formation mechanism and the anti-corrosion mechanism of hybrid coatings were proposed.

Copolymers with fluorescence properties in mesoporous silica SBA-15:Synthesis and characterization

A novel copolymer with fluorescence properties in mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared via a combination of surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer（RAFT） polymerization and ＂click＂ chemistry.A sufficient amount of peroxide groups were introduced into mesoporous silica SBA-15 channel pores and were further used to initiate the RAFT polymerization of styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide,resulting in SBA-15 supported polystyrene-co-poly（4-vinylbenzyl azide） copolymer（PS-co-PVBA/SBA-15） hybrid material.The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,thermogravimetry analysis（TGA）,N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and X-ray diffraction（XRD）,respectively.The results show that the styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide had copolymerized inside mesoporous silica SBA-15.Subsequently,Npropargyl-carbazole（PC） was connected to PS-co-PVBA/SBA-15 hybrid material via ＂click＂ reaction,resulting in PS-co-PVBC/SBA-15 with carbazole side groups hybrid material.The fluorescence spectrum is dominated by a broad band from 350 nm to 400 nm in narrow region and the maximum peak is 362 nm,indicating the characteristic absorption of the carbazole group of PS-co-PVBC/SBA-15 hybrid material.

土-膨润土隔离墙孔压静力触探非单调消散曲线研究（英文）

目的:土-膨润土隔离墙的水力特性可通过孔压静力触探试验进行评价。本文旨在研究土-膨润土隔离墙中孔压消散试验产生非单调孔压消散曲线的原因,并对现有计算固结系数与渗透系数的方法在土-膨润土隔离墙中的适用性进行分析。创新点:1.首次在土-膨润土隔离墙中测得非单调的孔压消散曲线;2.本文认为在土-膨润土隔离墙中测得非单调孔压消散曲线是由于探头贯入过程中在填料及其包裹的土块中产生的超孔压不一致引起的,并且由于填料的低渗透性,孔压上升的时间较长;3.比较不同方法的分析结果,并推荐结果与实测相近的计算方法作为工程应用。方法:1.通过室内一维固结试验和柔性壁渗透试验,分别获得墙体材料的固结系数和渗透系数;2.通过现场土-膨润土隔离墙的孔压静力触探试验与孔压消散试验,获得相应的力学参数与孔压消散曲线;3.分别采用不同方法对墙体材料的固结系数和渗透系数进行计算,并将计算结果与室内试验结果进行比较。结论:1.填料的非均质性导致探头贯入过程中产生的超孔压存在重分布,这使得土-膨润土隔离墙中产生了非单调孔压消散曲线,并且由于填料的低渗透性,测得孔压上升的时间较长;2.四种计算固结系数的方法中,有三种结果与室内一维固结试验结果相近,另一种结果则明显偏大;3.四种计算渗透系数的方法中,基于太沙基固结理论的关系式得到的结果与室内柔壁渗透试验结果相近,另两种经验公式得到的结果偏小,而基于探头贯入数据计算的渗透系数则偏大。

Manipulation and detection of single nanoparticles and biomolecules by a photonic nanojet

Optical methods to manipulate and detect nanoscale objects are highly desired in both nanomaterials and molecular biology fields.Optical tweezers have been used to manipulate objects that range in size from a few hundred nanometres to several micrometres.The emergence of near-field methods that overcome the diffraction limit has enabled the manipulation of objects below 100 nm.A highly free manipulation with signal-enhanced real-time detection,however,remains a challenge for single sub-100-nm nanoparticles or biomolecules.Here we show an approach that uses a photonic nanojet to perform the manipulation and detection of single sub-100-nm objects.With the photonic nanojet generated by a dielectric microlens bound to an optical fibre probe,three-dimensional manipulations were achieved for a single 85-nm fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticle as well as for a plasmid DNA molecule.Backscattering and fluorescent signals were detected with the enhancement factors up to~103 and~30,respectively.The demonstrated approach provides a potentially powerful tool for nanostructure assembly,biosensing and single-biomolecule studies.

Corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity of myristic acid modified Mg-AI LDH/Mg(OH)2 steam coating on magnesium alloy AZ31

A hydrophobic surface was successfully fabricated on the Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide(Mg-Al LDH)/Mg(OH)2-coated AZ31 magnesium alloy via an in-situ steam coating(SC)process and a subsequent surface modification with environment-friendly myristic acid(MA).The microstructure,composition and hydrophobicity of SC/MA composite coating were investigated by XRD,SEM,EDS,FTIR,and contact angle(CA)measurement.The corrosion behavior of the hybrid coating was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization,EIS and hydrogen evolution test in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.The results showed that the LDH coating had nano-flake microstructure,which remained unchanged after modification with MA.The CA of the MA-modified coating surface reached up to 129°±3.5°,and the corrosion current density of SC/MA-2 coating decreased about three orders of the magnitude compared to that of the substrate.It is proven that the modified surface has an effective anti-corrosion effect on AZ31 alloy.The formation mechanism and the corrosion mechanism of the coating were also discussed.

Corrosion resistance of a silane/ceria modified Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide on AA5005 aluminum alloy

The present work aimed at assessing the electrochemical behavior and the corrosion inhibition performance of Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH)coatings modified with methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS)and cerium nitrate on AA5005 aluminum alloy.The chemical compositions and surface morphologies of the coatings were investigated by XRD,FT-IR and FE-SEM,while their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical and immersion tests.An optimum corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was obtained by adding 10^−2 mol·L^−1 cerium nitrate.An excess addition of cerium nitrate resulted in a loose structure and poor corrosion resistance of the coating.The corrosion mechanism of the composite coatings was proposed and discussed.