Online asymmetry estimation for whole angle mode coriolis vibratory gyroscopes by high frequency injection

The whole angle mode gyroscope(WAMG)is considered to be the next generation architecture,but it is suffered from the asymmetry errors to conduct real products.This paper proposes a novel high frequency injection based approach for the error parameters online identification for the WAMG.The significance is that it can separate physical and error fingerprints to enable online calibration.The nonlinear WAMG dynamics are discretized to meet the requirement of numerical precision and computation efficiency.The optimized estimation methods are then constructed and compared to track asymmetry error parameters continuously.In the validation part,its results firstly prove that the proposed scheme can accurately identify constant asymmetry parameters with an overall tracking error of less than 1 ppm and the extreme numerical convergence can reach 10^(-12)ppm.Under the dynamic asymmetry variation condition,the root mean square errors(RMSE)indicate that the tracking accuracy can reach the level of10^(-3),which shows the robustness of the proposed scheme.In summary,the proposed method can effectively estimate the WAMG asymmetry errors online with satisfied performance and practical values.

Two-step strategy—conjunctival flap covering surgery combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of high-risk fungal keratitis

AIM:To investigate whether the two-step strategy[conjunctival flap covering surgery(CFCS)combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)]is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis(FK).METHODS:In this noncomparative,retrospective case series,10 subjects(6 males,4 females)with a mean age of 56.5±7.1(range 47-72)y with high-risk FK undergone the two-step strategy were included.Reported outcome measures were healing of the corneal ulcer,recurrence of FK,reject reaction,improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and relevant complications.RESULTS:The average diameter of corneal infiltrates was 7.50±0.39 mm,ranging from 6.94 to 8.13 mm.The mean depth of corneal infiltrates was 422.4±77.1μm,ranging from 350 to 535μm.The mean corneal thickness was 597.4±117.3μm,ranging from 458 to 851μm.Hypopyon and endothelial plaques were presented in all patients.The period between the two steps was 3.65±0.9(ranging from 3 to 5)mo.The graft diameter was 7.75±0.39 mm.At the last follow-up(average 9.25±3.39,ranging from 5.5 to 17mo),no fungal recurrence or graft rejection appeared,and all patients showed improvement of BCVA.One patient suffered from liver function impairment due to oral voriconazole for 4wk and recovered spontaneously after 1wk of drug withdrawal.CONCLUSION:The two-step strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of high-risk FK by transforming intentional therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty during acute infection to later optical DALK.It is a practical strategy,especially in areas lacking fresh donor corneas and eye bank services.

锐钛矿和金红石二氧化钛中光生载流子的超快动力学:电声相互作用研究

本文结合玻尔兹曼输运方程和电声散射速率计算研究锐钛矿和金红石二氧化钛中光生载流子的超快动力学过程.其中,动力学模拟所需的结构参数均通过第一性原理计算获得.结果表明,山于存在强Fr?hlich型电声耦合,纵光学声子模对两个晶相的能量弛豫过程均有十分显著的影响,但是两个晶相的弛豫机理却表现出明显的差异.对于单条导带内的弛豫过程,锐钛矿和金红石的能量弛豫时间分别为24.0 fs和11.8 fs,前者约为后者的二倍.这一差异来源于两个晶相中不同的电子扩散分布以及不同的声学模散射贡献.对于涉及多条导带的弛豫过程,预测的锐钛矿和金红石的总体弛豫时间分别为47 fs和57 fs,其相对大小与单条导带的情况相反.分析表明金红石相弛豫较慢是因为存在多个速率控制步骤.这些发现为调控电子动力学以及设计高效的二氧化钛器件提供了有价值的信息.

Hemodynamic changes in hepatic sinusoids of hepatic steatosis mice

BACKGROUND Fatty liver(FL) is now a worldwide disease. For decades, researchers have been kept trying to elucidate the mechanism of FL at the molecular level, but rarely involve the study of morphology and medical physics. Traditionally, it was believed that hemodynamic changes occur only when fibrosis occurs, but it has been proved that these changes already show in steatosis stage, which may help to reveal the pathogenesis and its progress. Because the pseudolobules are not formed during the steatosis stage, this phenomenon may be caused by the compression of the liver microcirculation and changes in the hemodynamics.AIM To understand the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and to study the hemodynamic changes associated with hepatic steatosis.METHODS Eight-week-old male C57 BL/6 mice were divided into three groups randomly(control group, 2-wk group, and 4-wk group), with 16 mice per group. A hepatic steatosis model was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride in mice. After establishing the model, liver tissue from mice was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE), and oil red O stains. Blood was collected from the angular vein, and hemorheological parameters were estimated. A two-photon fluorescence microscope was used to examine the flow properties of red blood cells in the hepatic sinusoids.RESULTS Oil red O staining indicated lipid accumulation in the liver after CCl_4 treatment.HE staining indicated narrowing of the hepatic sinusoidal vessels. No significant difference was observed between the 2-wk and 4-wk groups of mice onmorphological examination. Hemorheological tests included whole blood viscosity(mPas, γ = 10 s-1/γ = 100 s-1)(8.83 ± 2.22/4.69 ± 1.16, 7.73 ± 2.46/4.22 ±1.32, and 8.06 ± 2.88/4.22 ± 1.50), red blood cell volume(%)(51.00 ± 4.00, 42.00 ±5.00, and 40.00 ± 3.00), the content of plasma fibrinase(g/L)(3.80 ± 0.50, 2.90 ±0.80, and 2.30 ± 0.70), erythrocyte deformation index(%)(44.49 ± 5.81, 48.00 ±15.29, and 44.36 ± 15.01), erythrocyte electrophoresis rate(mm/s per V/m)(0.55 ±0.11, 0.50 ± 0.11, and 0.60 ± 0.20), revealing pathological changes in plasma components and red blood cells of hepatic steatosis. Assessment of blood flow velocity in the hepatic sinusoids with a laser Doppler flowmeter(mL/min per100 g)(94.43 ± 14.64, 80.00 ± 12.12, and 67.26 ± 5.92) and two-photon laser scanning microscope(μm/s)(325.68 ± 112.66, 213.53 ± 65.33, and 173.26 ± 44.02)revealed that as the modeling time increased, the blood flow velocity in the hepatic sinusoids decreased gradually, and the diameter of the hepatic sinusoids became smaller(μm)(10.28 ± 1.40, 6.84 ± 0.93, and 5.82 ± 0.79).CONCLUSION The inner diameter of the hepatic sinusoids decreases along with the decrease in the blood flow velocity within the sinusoids and the changes in the systemic hemorheology.

Molecules related to diabetic retinopathy in the vitreous and involved pathways

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common complications of diabetes and major cause of blindness among people over 50 years old.Current studies showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)played a central role in the pathogenesis of DR,and application of anti-VEGF has been widely acknowledged in treatment of DR targeting retinal neovascularization.However,anti-VEGF therapy has several limitations such as drug resistance.It is essential to develop new drugs for future clinical practice.The vitreous takes up 80%of the whole globe volume and is in direct contact with the retina,making it possible to explore the pathogenesis of DR by studying related factors in the vitreous.This article reviewed recent studies on DR-related factors in the vitreous,elaborating the VEGF upstream hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)pathway and downstream pathways phosphatidylinositol diphosphate(PIP2),phosphoinositide-3-kinase(PI3 K),and mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways.Moreover,factors other than VEGF contributing to the pathogenesis of DR in the vitreous were also summarized,which included factors in four major systems,kallikrein-kinin system such as bradykinin,plasma kallikrein,and coagulation factor XII,oxidative stress system such as lipid peroxide,and superoxide dismutase,inflammation-related factors such as interleukin-1β/6/13/37,and interferon-γ,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)system such as MMP-9/14.Additionally,we also introduced other DR-related factorssuch as adiponectin,certain specific amino acids,noncoding RNA and renin(pro)receptor in separate studies.

Tilt and decentration with various intraocular lenses: A narrative review

We find that tilt and decentration of intraocular lens (IOL) commonly cause visualquality deterioration after cataract surgery. Multiple factors affect IOL tilt anddecentration in the pre-, mid-, and post-operation phases. Moreover, the tilt anddecentration of 1-piece IOL are less correlated with internal ocular HOAs thanthose of 3-piece IOL. Aspherical IOLs are more sensitive to decentration or tiltthan spherical IOLs. Furthermore, the optical performance of toric IOLs with anaccurate axis remains stable irrespective of tilt and decentration. The opticalquality of asymmetric multifocal IOLs varies significantly after decentration andtilt in different directions. The image quality enhances or deteriorates in thedirection of the decentered IOL. An extended depth of focus IOL can achievegood visual acuity in the distant, intermediate, and near range. Additionally, itstilt and decentration have less impact on the vision than bifocal and trifocal IOL.This is the first review that compares the effect of IOL tilt and decentration onimage quality for various IOL designs. The result indicates that a deeperunderstanding of tilt and decentration of various IOLs can help achieve a bettervisual effect to visually improve refractive cataract surgery.

A high-throughput screening method for breeding Aspergillus niger with 12C6+ ion beam-improved cellulase

In this study,a high-throughput screening method was established through the 24-square deep-well microliter plate(MTP) fermentation and micro-plate detection for large-scale screening of the mutants.It was suitable for screening a large number of mutants and improving the breeding efficiency after heavy-ion beam irradiation.Seventeen strains showed higher cellulase activity compared with the initial strain after the screening of plate and MTP fermentation.The filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity of Aspergillus niger H11201 had increased 38.74 and 63.23%separately compared with A.niger H11 by shaking flask fermentation,and it was genetically stable after being passaged to nine generations.The results indicate that the high-throughput screening method can be used for the quick breeding of A.niger with high cellulase activity.

Epibulbar osseous choristoma:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Choristoma is a rare,benign,congenital proliferative tumor,with osseous choristoma being the rarest.Although the tumor is benign,effective identification is needed for its diagnosis and treatment.Here,we report the diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of two patients with osseous choristoma.CASE SUMMARY Two patients,a young female and young male patient,were found to have a mass on the ocular surface.The tumor presented on the superior temporal bulbar conjunctiva in the first patient and on the upper eyelid in the second patient.Ultrasound biomicroscopy detected a strong echo with clear boundaries covering the lower echo,and computed tomography examination revealed calcification.Both patients underwent surgery,and histopathological evaluation of the mass showed osseous choristoma.They were treated by excision and subsequently cured.CONCLUSION Osseous choristomas are usually asymptomatic.Our patients were cured immediately after surgery,suggesting that surgical treatment is an effective strategy.

随机薛定谔级联方程:理论和应用

随机薛定谔级联方程是一种基于波函数的严格量子动力学方法,它可用于研究耦合到玻色子热库的复杂体系中的量子动力学过程.本综述从开放量子体系费曼路径积分的影响泛函出发,概述了随机薛定谔级联方程的一般理论框架和各种具体表述形式,并通过对复杂体系中超快激发能量转移过程的模拟来展示方法的应用范例和计算效率.

Nanopore design of sulfur doped hollow carbon nanospheres for superior potassium-ion battery anodes

Sulfur doped carbonaceous materials are promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries because of their ability to bridge active sites and induce C/S electron coupling,resulting in increased ion storage capacitance However,the large potassium ions could cause significant volume expansion and structure collapse during operation in sulfur doped carbonaceous anodes,which lead to rapidly capacity sacrifice during long-term cycling.Nanopore design for anchoring sulfur atom in carbon skeleton is a novel way to alleviate the structure collapse and maintain the cycling stability.Therefore,this study developed a controlled nanopore and sulfur doped carbon sphere structure(S-NPHCSs).In potassium-ion batteries S-NPHCSs anode demonstrated exceptional performance with a high reversible capacity of 247 mAh·g^(–1)after 50 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(–1)and delivered a long cycle stability of 600 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A·g^(–1).Interconnected nanopores and doped sulfur structure not only expand the accumulation space and offer ample active sites for diffusion and adsorption of potassium ions,but also build stable channels through nanopore structure to ensure the cyclic stability.This finding provides a fundamental theory for designing nanopore structures and introducing sulfur doped carbonaceous materials to enhance capacitive potassium storage and long cycle stability.

Switching on/off phosphorescent or non-radiative channels by aggregation-induced quantum interference

Pure organic materials with persistent and efficient room-temperature phosphorescence have recently aroused great research interest due to their vast potential in applications.One crucial design principle for such materials is to suppress as much as possible the non-radiative decay of the triplet exciton while maintaining a moderate phosphorescent radiative rate.However,molecular engineering often exhibits similar regulation trends for the two processes.Here,we propose that the quantum interference caused by aggregation can be utilized to control the phosphorescent and non-radiative decay channels.We systematically analyze various constructive and destructive transition pathways in aggregates with different molecular packing types and establish clear relationships between the luminescence characters and the signs of the singlet and triplet excitonic couplings.It is shown that the decay channels can be flexibly switched on or off by regulating the packing type and excitonic couplings.Most importantly,an enhanced phosphorescent decay and a completely suppressed non-radiative decay can be simultaneously realized in the aggregate packed with inversion symmetry.This work lays the theoretical foundation for future experimental realization of quantum interference effects in phosphorescence.

Vacuolar H^(+)-ATPase and BZR1 form a feedback loop to regulate the homeostasis of BR signaling inArabidopsis

Brassinosteroid(BR)is a vital plant hormone that regulates plant growth anddevelopment.BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1(BZR1)is a key transcription factor in BR signaling,and its nucleocytoplasmic localization is crucial for BR signaling.However,the mechanisms that regulate BzR1 nucleocytoplasmic distribution and thus the homeostasis of BR signaling remain largely unclear.The vacuole is the largest organelle in mature plantcells and plays a key role in maintenance of cell ular pH,storage of intracellular substances,and transport ofions.In this study,weuncovered anovel mechanismof BR signaling homeostasis regulatedbythe vacuolar H+-ATPase(V-ATPase)and BZR1 feedback loop.Our results revealed that the vha-a2 vha-a3 mutant(vha2,lacking V-ATPase activity)exhibits enhanced BR signaling with increased total amount of BZR1,nuclearlocalized BZR1,and the ratio of BZR1/phosphorylated BZR1 in the nucleus.Further biochemical assays revealed that VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 of V-ATPase interact with the BZR1 protein through a domain that is conserved across multiple species.VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 negatively regulate BR signaling by interacting with BzR1 and promoting its retention in the tonoplast.Interestingly,a series of molecular analyses demonstrated that nuclear-localized BZR1 could bind directlyto specific motifs in the promoters of VHA-a2 andVHAa3topromote their expression.Taken together,these results suggest that V-ATPase and BzR1 mayforma feedback regulatory loop to maintain thehomeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis,providing new insights into vacuole-mediated regulation of hormone signaling.

Acid condensation and heat transfer characteristics on H-type fin surface with bleeding dimples and longitudinal vortex generators

Acid condensation rate is an important factor denoting the acid corrosion, and the reduction of the acid condensation can significantly relieve the acid corrosive effect on the wall surface and improve the security of the equipments. In this study, the characteristics of both heat transfer and acid condensation of the finned tube in heat exchanger were numerically studied. In the numerical model, we simulated the acid condensation by considering the vapor–liquid equilibrium effect and multi-component diffusion effect. Based on the H-type finned oval tube, we proposed three novel types of fins to both enhance the heat transfer and reduce the acid condensation. The parametric effects of gas temperature, acid vapor concentration, water vapor concentration, and Reynolds number were investigated on different fin structures. The results show that the tube bank with the new structured fins can improve the performance on both heat transfer and acid anticondensation.

Effect of conduction block in classification and prognosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome

Aim:The aim was to investigate the electro-physiological characteristics in disease progression of Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS)and observe the effect of conduction block(CB)in classification and severity of the disease.Methods:Two hundred and ninety-four patients with GBS were divided into acute inflammatory demyelinating poly-neuropathy(AIDP)group,acute motor axonal neuropathy(AMAN)group and equivocal group according to their electro-physiological results and then reclassificated after electro-physiological review.All of the patients were followed for 6 months since their attacks.Results:Bad prognosis is more pronounced in AMAN group than in AIDP group(P<0.05).Most of the patients classificated as AIDP transformed into AMAN when CB occurred in the early phase of the disease.There is a positive relationship between CB in the early phase of the disease and severity of illness(P<0.05),but CB showed no correlation with prognosis of the patients(P>0.05).Conclusion:CB in the early phase of GBS indicates the probability of AIDP transforming into AMAN;it suggests that patients with CB in the early phase of the disease might be in serious conditions in a certain extent.