AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)action on gut barrier in preoperative and postoperative experimental obstructive jaundice in rats.METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into ...AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)action on gut barrier in preoperative and postoperative experimental obstructive jaundice in rats.METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into groups of sham-operation,bile duct ligation(BDL),BDL +L.plantarum,BDL+internal biliary drainage(IBD),and BDL+IBD+L.plantarum.Ten days after L.plantarum administration,blood and ileal samples were collected from the rats for morphological examination,and intestinal barrier function,liver function,intestinal oxidative stress and protein kinase C(PKC)activity measurement.The distribution and expression of the PKC and tight junction(TJ)proteins,such as occludin,zonula occludens-1,claudin-1,claudin-4,junction adhesion molecule-A and F-actin,were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTS:L.plantarum administration substantially restored gut barrier,decreased enterocyte apoptosis,improved intestinal oxidative stress,promoted the activity and expression of protein kinase(BDL vs BDL+L.plantarum,0.295±0.007 vs 0.349±0.003,P<0.05;BDL+IBD vs BDL+IBD+L.plantarum,0.407±0.046 vs 0.465±0.135,P<0.05),and particularly enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of TJ proteins in the experimental obstructive jaundice(BDL vs BDL+L.plantarum,0.266±0.118 vs 0.326±0.009,P<0.05).The protective effect of L.plantarum was more prominent after internal biliary drainage(BDL+IBD vs BDL +IBD+L.plantarum,0.415±0.105 vs 0.494±0.145,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:L.plantarum can decrease intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,reduce oxidative stress,and prevent TJ disruption in biliary obstruction by activating the PKC pathway.展开更多
AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of wavefront guided femtosecond LASIK(WFG LASIK)and conventional femtosecond LASIK(NWFG LASIK)in eyes with myopia and myopia astigmatism.METHODS:This was a retrospective,nonrandomi...AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of wavefront guided femtosecond LASIK(WFG LASIK)and conventional femtosecond LASIK(NWFG LASIK)in eyes with myopia and myopia astigmatism.METHODS:This was a retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative investigation enrolling 236 eyes of 122 patients(18-50 y)with low&moderate and high myopia.The WFG group including 97 eyes(50 patients)undergone WFG LASIK and the NWFG group including 139 eyes(72 patients)undergone conventional LASIK.Mean efficacy index,high order aberrations(HOAs),pupil size and the quality of visual questionnaire were evaluated 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There is no difference between WFG group(-0.054±0.049 in logMAR)and NWFG group(-0.040±0.056)in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)postoperatively.The myopia astigmatism is higher in WFG group than that in NWFG group(P<0.05).However,the mean efficacy index(MEI)in the WFG group(1.09±0.106)is better than that in the NWFG group(1.036±0.124;P<0.001).Increased HOAs were observed in NWFG group(0.30±0.196)than that in WFG group(0.146±0.188;P<0.001).The pupil size is larger in WFG group(5.15±0.76 mm)than that in NWFG group(4.32±0.52 mm).The patients are satisfied with the clinical surgery,yet WFG group showed better visual quality using the questionnaire survey.Meanwhile,high myopia would result in worse MEI,HOAs and visual quality than low&moderate myopia.CONCLUSION:WFG and NWFG FS-LASIK are both effective and safe procedures to correct low&moderate and high myopia,but WFG FS-LASIK gives a better postoperative MEI,aberrometric control and predictable outcome.Meanwhile,WFG FS-LASIK is better than NWFG FS-LASIK in correction of myopia astigmatism.Low&moderate myopia allow better clinical outcomes than high myopia using any surgical method.展开更多
As promising alternatives in building future main memory systems, emerging non-volatile memory(NVM) technologies can increase memory capacity in a cost-effective and power-efficient way. However, NVM is facing securit...As promising alternatives in building future main memory systems, emerging non-volatile memory(NVM) technologies can increase memory capacity in a cost-effective and power-efficient way. However, NVM is facing security threats due to its limited write endurance: a malicious adversary can wear out the cells and cause the NVM system to fail quickly. To address this issue, several wear-leveling schemes have been proposed to evenly distribute write traffic in a security-aware manner. In this study, we present a new type of timing attack, remapping timing attack(RTA), based on information leakage from the remapping latency difference in NVM. Our analysis and experimental results show that RTA can cause three of the latest wear-leveling schemes(i.e., region-based start-gap,security refresh, and multi-way wear leveling) to lose their effectiveness in several days(even minutes), causing failure of NVM. To defend against such an attack, we further propose a novel wear-leveling scheme called the ‘security region-based start-gap(security RBSG)', which is a two-stage strategy using a dynamic Feistel network to enhance the simple start-gap wear leveling with level-adjustable security assurance. The theoretical analysis and evaluation results show that the proposed security RBSG not only performs well when facing traditional malicious attacks, but also better defends against RTA.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30471687Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology,No.2008CB517403
文摘AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)action on gut barrier in preoperative and postoperative experimental obstructive jaundice in rats.METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into groups of sham-operation,bile duct ligation(BDL),BDL +L.plantarum,BDL+internal biliary drainage(IBD),and BDL+IBD+L.plantarum.Ten days after L.plantarum administration,blood and ileal samples were collected from the rats for morphological examination,and intestinal barrier function,liver function,intestinal oxidative stress and protein kinase C(PKC)activity measurement.The distribution and expression of the PKC and tight junction(TJ)proteins,such as occludin,zonula occludens-1,claudin-1,claudin-4,junction adhesion molecule-A and F-actin,were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTS:L.plantarum administration substantially restored gut barrier,decreased enterocyte apoptosis,improved intestinal oxidative stress,promoted the activity and expression of protein kinase(BDL vs BDL+L.plantarum,0.295±0.007 vs 0.349±0.003,P<0.05;BDL+IBD vs BDL+IBD+L.plantarum,0.407±0.046 vs 0.465±0.135,P<0.05),and particularly enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of TJ proteins in the experimental obstructive jaundice(BDL vs BDL+L.plantarum,0.266±0.118 vs 0.326±0.009,P<0.05).The protective effect of L.plantarum was more prominent after internal biliary drainage(BDL+IBD vs BDL +IBD+L.plantarum,0.415±0.105 vs 0.494±0.145,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:L.plantarum can decrease intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,reduce oxidative stress,and prevent TJ disruption in biliary obstruction by activating the PKC pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800624,No.81700839,No.82171081)the“Chen Guang”Project the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and the Shanghai Education Development Foundation(No.18CG40)+1 种基金234 Mountain Climbing Plan of Changhai Hospital(No.2020YXK048,No.2020YXK058)“Sailing Project”Naval Medical University。
文摘AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of wavefront guided femtosecond LASIK(WFG LASIK)and conventional femtosecond LASIK(NWFG LASIK)in eyes with myopia and myopia astigmatism.METHODS:This was a retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative investigation enrolling 236 eyes of 122 patients(18-50 y)with low&moderate and high myopia.The WFG group including 97 eyes(50 patients)undergone WFG LASIK and the NWFG group including 139 eyes(72 patients)undergone conventional LASIK.Mean efficacy index,high order aberrations(HOAs),pupil size and the quality of visual questionnaire were evaluated 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There is no difference between WFG group(-0.054±0.049 in logMAR)and NWFG group(-0.040±0.056)in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)postoperatively.The myopia astigmatism is higher in WFG group than that in NWFG group(P<0.05).However,the mean efficacy index(MEI)in the WFG group(1.09±0.106)is better than that in the NWFG group(1.036±0.124;P<0.001).Increased HOAs were observed in NWFG group(0.30±0.196)than that in WFG group(0.146±0.188;P<0.001).The pupil size is larger in WFG group(5.15±0.76 mm)than that in NWFG group(4.32±0.52 mm).The patients are satisfied with the clinical surgery,yet WFG group showed better visual quality using the questionnaire survey.Meanwhile,high myopia would result in worse MEI,HOAs and visual quality than low&moderate myopia.CONCLUSION:WFG and NWFG FS-LASIK are both effective and safe procedures to correct low&moderate and high myopia,but WFG FS-LASIK gives a better postoperative MEI,aberrometric control and predictable outcome.Meanwhile,WFG FS-LASIK is better than NWFG FS-LASIK in correction of myopia astigmatism.Low&moderate myopia allow better clinical outcomes than high myopia using any surgical method.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(Nos.2015AA015301 and 2015AA016701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61303046,61472153,61502190,and 61232004)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture(No.CARCH201505)the Wuhan Applied Basic Research Project,China(No.2015010101010004)the Engineering Research Center of Data Storage Systems and Technology,Ministry of Education,China
文摘As promising alternatives in building future main memory systems, emerging non-volatile memory(NVM) technologies can increase memory capacity in a cost-effective and power-efficient way. However, NVM is facing security threats due to its limited write endurance: a malicious adversary can wear out the cells and cause the NVM system to fail quickly. To address this issue, several wear-leveling schemes have been proposed to evenly distribute write traffic in a security-aware manner. In this study, we present a new type of timing attack, remapping timing attack(RTA), based on information leakage from the remapping latency difference in NVM. Our analysis and experimental results show that RTA can cause three of the latest wear-leveling schemes(i.e., region-based start-gap,security refresh, and multi-way wear leveling) to lose their effectiveness in several days(even minutes), causing failure of NVM. To defend against such an attack, we further propose a novel wear-leveling scheme called the ‘security region-based start-gap(security RBSG)', which is a two-stage strategy using a dynamic Feistel network to enhance the simple start-gap wear leveling with level-adjustable security assurance. The theoretical analysis and evaluation results show that the proposed security RBSG not only performs well when facing traditional malicious attacks, but also better defends against RTA.