A study on the rule of Chinese medicine use against influenza virus based on data mining

Background:To summarize the rules of the use of traditional Chinese medicine against influenza virus in the high-quality literatures of core journals,and to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of influenza.Methods:Excel 2010 and ancient and modern medical case cloud platform(2.5V)were used to summarize the categories,nature,flavour and channel tropism of drugs.The cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs was carried out by SPSS 22.0,and the association rules of high-frequency drugs were analyzed by Apriori algorithm provided by SPSS modeler 18.0.Results:One thousand one hundred and thirty-one articles from core journals were retrieved and 135 articles were screened out,including 109 prescriptions and 170 drugs,with a total frequency of 1,655 times.The 3 most frequently appeared herbs were Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Jinyinhua(Lonicerae japonicae flos)and Lianqiao(Forsythiae fructus).The top 3 efficacy were“Heat-Clearing(remove heat from the body surface and inside)”drugs,drugs for“Relieving Exterior Disorder(treat fever,chills and headaches caused by pathogenic substances in the air)”,and“Phlegm Relieving Cough Antiasthmatic Medicine(relieves respiratory cough and sputum symptoms)”drugs.The top 3 nature of drugs were cold,warm and flat.The top 3 flavour of drugs were bitter,spicy and sweet.The top 5 channel tropism of drugs were“Lung”,“Stomach”,“Heart”,“Spleen”,“Liver”.Association rule yields 20 drug pairs,Jingjie(Schizonepetae herba),Forsythiae fructus,Lonicerae japonicae flos,Niubangzi(Arctii fructus),Mahuang(Ephedrae herba)and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma were commonly used concerted application;four new methods were obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusion:The use of traditional Chinese medicine against influenza virus has a certain regularity,which provides an important reference value for the prevention and treatment of influenza.

Study on the mechanism of action of Ephedra Herba Decoction against influenza A virus based on network pharmacology

Objective To predict the main bioactive components and potential mechanisms of Ephedra Herba Decoction(Chinese Pinyin abbreviated as MHT)in treating influenza A virus(IAV)based on network pharmacology.Methods Multiple online databases were used to search and screen out the active components from MHT,the related targets of active components of MHT and the genes related to IAV.Search the corresponding genes name of target through UniProt database.Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the drug-component-target network diagram.Venn diagram was used to screen the intersection genes of the active components corresponding to the target and disease-related genes,and the intersection genes were imported into the STRING Database Online platform to obtain the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Then,the PPI network was imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 to obtain the core targets.Finally,Wei Sheng Xing(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)was used to do GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis for the intersection genes,and the results of GO and KEGG were visualized.Results A total of 116 active components and 253 potential targets were screened from MHT.Quercetin,Kaempferol,and Luteolin are the main active components,and AKT1,TNF,TP53,IL6,and JUN are the core targets of 253 potential targets.There are 2906 targets of influenza A,including 121 intersection genes.Enrichment analysis showed that there were 131 entries of molecular function,89 entries of cell component,1645 entries of biological process and 195 entries of signaling pathway.PI3K-Akt,MAPK,and JAK-STAT were the main signaling pathways.Conclusion MHT plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of influenza A by acting on multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways.

Mechanism of Magnoliae Flos and Xanthii Fructus herb pair in treatment of allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of Magnoliae Flos and Xanthii Fructus herb pair for allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology. Methods: From the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, Uniprot database, and Gene Cards database, the relevant chemical constituents information, pharmacokinetic information and hub target of allergic rhinitis were obtained. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING online database, analyzed and showed by the Cytoscape software. The screened target information was analyzed by the Metascape database for Gene Ontology biological function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Main components of Magnoliae Flos and Xanthii Fructus herb pair, such as aloe-emodin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and Yangambin, depend on the interaction of Nitric Oxide Synthase 3, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Caspase-3 and other functions involve G protein-coupled (amine) receptor activity, RNA polymerase II basic transcription factor binding, protease binding, heme binding, and integrin binding;can regulate calcium signal pathway, serotonergic synapse, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signal pathway, tryptophan inflammatory mediator regulation pathway, estrogen signal pathway alone or in combination, and play a role in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Magnoliae Flos combined with Xanthii Fructus can regulate biomolecular network in multiple targets and pathways to treat allergic rhinitis.

Mechanism of Magnoliae Flos and Xanthii Fructus herb pair in treatment of allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology

Drug Combination Therapy has retracted this article because the data is falsified,the core targets are wrong and this English article has a high repetition rate compared with a Chinese article.Drug Combination Therapy received the author’s manuscript on 13 April 2022.After the plagiarism check on 13 April 2022,the similarity rate of this article was 15%(Supplementary 1),which was qualified.Then the manuscript was started to be sent for peer-review at 10:10 on 19 April 2022.

A study on the rule of Chinese medicine use for airway remodeling based on data mining

Objective:Use data mining techniques to explore the rule of Chinese medicine used for airway remodeling.Methods:Search the literature on Chinese medicine use for airway remodeling in the past 20 years.With the help of WPS Office Excel 11.1,IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software,prescriptions were analyzed for the frequency of drug use,the four natures,the five flavours and the channel tropism,cluster analysis and association analysis of high-frequency drugs.Results:There were 58 Chinese medicine prescriptions for airway remodeling be found,involving 105 Chinese medicines,the most frequent channel tropism were spleen,stomach,lung,large intestine,liver and gallbladder,the most frequent use of the five flavors was sour,sweet and pungent,the highest frequency of the four natures was cold and hot,cluster analysis yielded eight drug aggregation groups,and association rule analysis yielded five groups of high-frequency drug pairs.Conclusion:The main TCM treatments for airway remodeling are expelling phlegm,relieving cough,asthma calming,expelling blood stasis and deficiency tonifying.The results of this study can provide ideas for compounding and drug selection for subsequent studies.

Comparison of epidemiological characteristics COVID-19 Delta variant infection among children in Xi'an and Baoji

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)Delta variant infection in children in Xi'an and Baoji.Methods:According to the official information released by Shaanxi Province,the information of confirmed cases in Xi'an(December 20,2021 to January 8,2022)and Baoji(March 8 to March 27,2022)were collected respectively.Records include age,sex,residential address,community and other basic information.Isolation mode,isolation time,morbidity and positive time of viral nucleic acid test,vaccination,clinical typing,close contact personnel,cluster incidence situation and the social activity tracking of the confirmed cases were collected,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results:In 20 days,there were 281 infected children in Xi'an,accounting for 14.48%of the total cases(1,940 cases),including 154 boys(54.8%)and 127 girls(45.20%).The number of diagnosed children in Baoji City(55 cases)is 19.57%of that in Xi'an(55/281),but accounts for 23.31%of the total number of cases(236 cases)in Baoji(this ratio is higher than that of 14.48%in Xi'an).Among the 55 cases of children,there are 33 males(60.00%)and 22 females(40.00%).The proportion of male children in both cities is higher.The median age of diagnosed children in Xi'an was 7.0 years(IQR:1.0-13.0 years old),and the age range was 4 d-18 years old,while the median age of Baoji children was 9.0 years old(IQR:5.0-17.0 years old),ranging from 3 months to 18 years old.The number of children vaccinated in Xi'an and Baoji was positively correlated with the number of infected children.The vaccination rates of children in Xi'an and Baoji were 64.06%and 52.73%,respectively.The vaccination rates of infants(≤1 year old)in both cities were 18.52%and 14.29%,respectively.On the whole,the number of new child cases in the two cities increased first and then decreased.The peak number of new child cases in Xi'an was 39(10th day of statistics),while that of Baoji was 13(6th day of statistics).The peak in Xi'an comes later and the epidemic lasts longer.Among the children in Xi'an,201(71.53%)had a history of close contact,55(19.57%)had no clear history of COVID-19 infection,and were positive after actively participating in the nucleic acid test of all members of the community,of which 54(98.18%)were primary and middle school students.54 cases(98.18%)of Baoji children had a history of close contact,of which 20 cases were infected by the confirmed case number 62 officially announced on March 10.The time to be positive for viral nucleic acid test in children after isolation was 1-14 days.The positive rate of children in Xi'an reached 85.41%(240/281)after 7 days of isolation,and the highest peak of positive detection was on the third day of isolation(84 cases).After 7 days of isolation,45 cases were positive in Baoji,accounting for 81.82%(45/55).The highest peak of positive detection was on the 5th day of isolation(11 cases).The regional distribution of infected children in Xi'an was the highest in Yanta District(137 cases),followed by High-tech Zone(42 cases)and Lianhu District(29 cases).The main manifestations of COVID-19 in Xi'an were light(278 cases,98.93%),common type(3 cases,1.07%),light in Baoji(54 cases,98.18%),and common type(1 case,1.82%).Through general clinical treatment(including traditional Chinese medicine treatment and symptomatic treatment),all were cured.Conclusion:Delta variant increases the susceptibility of children to infection,which spreads rapidly mainly through close family contact and community concealment,so it is necessary to study better early diagnosis and prevention and control measures.

Based on data mining, the study on the medication rule of Chinese patent medicine for constipation

To analyze the medication rule of Chinese patent medicine compound for constipation by data mining,and to provide reference for the treatment of constipation.Methods:The Chinese patent medicines for constipation in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020)and Chinese patent medicine prescription database of yaozhi.com(https://db.yaozh.com/chufang)were collected and sorted.The prescriptions and drug composition were input into Excel2010.ategories,nature,flavour and channel tropism of drugs were analyzed by using ancient and modern medical case cloud platform(V2.3.5).The cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs was carried out by SPSS 22.0,and rules of high-frequency drugs were analyzed by Apriori algorithm provided by SPSS modeler 18.0.Results:Two hundred and thirty-six Chinese patent medicine prescriptions that met the requirements were collected,containing 349 Chinese medicines in total,with a total frequency of 2,277.The drugs with frequency≥25 times were high-frequency drugs,with a total of 24 flavours,and the top 5 were Dahuang(Rhei radix et rhizoma),Huangqin(Scutellariae radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Huanglian(Coptidis rhizoma)and Bohe(Menthae haplocalycis herba).The top 3 frequency of efficacy of high-frequency drugs were“Heat-Clearing(remove heat from the body surface and inside)”drugs,“Purgating(to promote excretion of stools)”drugs and“Reinforcing”(to supplement the body’s lack of“Qi,Blood,Yin and Yang”)drugs.The nature of high-frequency drugs were cold,warm and flat.The top 3 flavour of the high frequency drugs were bitter,spicy and sweet.The top 4 channel tropism of high-frequency drugs were“Spleen”,“Stomach”,“Lung”,“Large intestine”.According to the association rule,11 drug pairs were obtained,and the core drug pairs were Zhizi(Gardeniae fructus)-Rhei radix et rhizoma,Huangbo(Phellodendri chinensis cortex)-Rhei radix et rhizoma.Four new methods were obtained based on cluster analysis.Conclusion:Chinese patent medicine has a certain regularity in the treatment of constipation.This paper can provide some references for the clinical treatment of constipation with Chinese medicine.

Decreased macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background:The association of circulating inflammation markers with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is still largely unclear.This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between circulating cytokine levels and the subsequent risk of NPC with a two-stage epidemiologic study in southern China.Methods:The serum levels of 33 inflammatory cytokines were first measured in a hospital-based case-control study(150 NPC patients and 150 controls)using multiplex assay platforms.Marker levels were categorized into two or more groups based on the proportion of sample measurements that was above the lower limit of detection.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)relating the serum marker concentration to the risk of NPC were computed by multivariable logistic regression models.The associations were validated in 60 patients with NPC and 120 con-trols in a subsequent nested case-control study within a NPC screening trial.Potential interactions between serum cytokines and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)relating to the risk of NPC were assessed using a likelihood ratio test.Results:The levels of serum macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1αand MIP-1βin the highest categories were associated with a decreased risk of NPC in both the case-control study(MIP-1α:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.26-0.95;MIP-1β:OR=0.47,95%CI=0.22-1.00)and the nested case-control study(MIP-1α:OR=0.13,95%CI=0.03-0.62;MIP-1β:OR=0.20,95%CI=0.04-0.94),compared with those in the lowest categories.Furthermore,individuals with lower levels of these two cytokine markers who were EBV seropositive presented with a largely higher risk of NPC compared with patients with higher levels who were EBV seronegative in both the case-control study(MIP-1α:OR=16.28,95%CI=7.11-37.23;MIP-1β:OR=12.86,95%CI=5.9-28.05)and the nested case-control study(MIP-1α:OR=86.12,95%CI=10.58-701.03;MIP-1β:OR=115.44,95%CI=13.92-957.73).Conclusions:Decreased preclinical MIP-1αand MIP-1βlevels might be associated with a subsequently increased risk of NPC.More mechanistic studies are required to fully understand this finding.