Effects of Wenglian Jiedu decoction on expression of serum IL-18, TNF-α and MUC2 in colon tissue of ulcerative colitis rats

Objective:To study the effect of Wenglian jiedu decoction on the expression of serum interleukin-18(IL-18),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF--α)and colonic mucin-2(MUC2)in rats with ulcerative colitis of turbid toxin type,and to explore its mechanism.Methods:60 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into model group,Wenglian jiedu decoction low,middle and high dose groups,mesalazine group and blank group.Except for the blank group,the rat model of ulcerative colitis was established by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)/ethanol compound method.The general condition,body weight,fecal properties and occult blood of rats were observed 2 weeks after administration.The disease activity index(Diseaseactivityindex,DAI)was scored,the content of MUC2 protein was detected by immunohistochemical method,and the contents of IL-18 and TNF-αin serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa).Results:compared with the blank group,the DAI score increased,the contents of IL-18 and TNF-αincreased significantly,and the content of MUC2 protein decreased in the model group.Compared with the model group,the DAI score,the content of IL-18 and TNF-αdecreased and the content of MUC2 protein increased in each treatment group.Compared with the mesalazine group,the DAI score and the contents of IL-18 and TNF-αin the high and middle dose groups had no significant difference.Compared with the low dose group,the DAI score in the mesalazine group and the high and middle dose group decreased,and the contents of IL-18 and TNF-αdecreased.Conclusion:Wenglian jiedu decoction can regulate the immune system of intestinal epithelium by regulating the levels of serum IL-18 and TNF-αand increasing the expression of MUC2 protein,so as to achieve the purpose of repairing intestinal mucosa.

Two NPF transporters mediate iron long-distance transport and homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Iron(Fe)transport and reallocation are essential to Fe homeostasis in plants,but it is unclear how Fe homeostasis is regulated,especially under stress.Here we report that NPF5.9 and its close homolog NPF5.8 redundantly regulate Fe transport and reallocation in Arabidopsis.NPF5.9 is highly upregulated in response to Fe deficiency.NPF5.9 expresses preferentially in vasculature tissues and localizes to the trans-Golgi network,and NPF5.8 showed a similar expression pattern.Long-distance Fe transport and allocation into aerial parts was significantly increased in NPF5.9-overexpressing lines.In the double mutant npf5.8 npf5.9,Fe loading in aerial parts and plant growth were decreased,which were partially rescued by Fe supplementation.Further analysis showed that expression of PYE,the negative regulator for Fe homeostasis,and its downstream target NAS4 were significantly altered in the double mutant.NPF5.9 and NPF5.8 were shown to also mediate nitrate uptake and transport,although nitrate and Fe application did not reciprocally affect each other.Our findings uncovered the novel function of NPF5.9 and NPF5.8 in long-distance Fe transport and homeostasis,and further indicated that they possibly mediate nitrate transport and Fe homeostasis independently in Arabidopsis.

Two NPF transporters mediate iron long-distance transport and homeostasis in Arabidopsis

(Plant Communications 2,100244,November 82021)Figure S3E has been amended since,in the originally published version of the figure,the roots of npf5.9-T and Col-3 under+Fe condition were inadvertent duplicates of the roots of npf5.8-1 and npf5.8-2 under+Fe condition.The figure legend and remaining figure panels were otherwise unaffected.