Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)are a new class of pollutants that are long-lived in fine particles(PM_(2.5)),i.e.,their 1/e lifetime ranges from days to months(or even infinite).They are capable of pro...Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)are a new class of pollutants that are long-lived in fine particles(PM_(2.5)),i.e.,their 1/e lifetime ranges from days to months(or even infinite).They are capable of producing harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.The redox cycling of EPFRs is considered as an important pathway for PM_(2.5) to induce oxidative stress inside the humans,causing adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Conse-quently,research regarding their toxicity,formation and environmental occurrences in PM_(2.5) has attracted increasing atten-tions globally during the past two decades.However,literature data in this field remain quite limited and discrete.Hence,an extensive review is urgently needed to summarize the current understanding of this topic.In this work,we systematically reviewed the analytical methods and environmental occurrences,e.g.,types,concentrations,and decay behaviors,as well as possible sources of EPFRs in PM_(2.5).The types of pretreatment methods,g-values of common EPFRs and categories of decay processes were discussed in detail.Moreover,great efforts were made to revisit the original data of the published works of EPFRs in airborne particulate matter and provided additional useful information for comparison where possible,e.g.,their mean and standard deviation of g-values,line widths(ΔHp-p),and concentrations.Finally,possible research opportunities were highlighted to further advance our knowledge of this emerging issue.展开更多
Background：Nucleolin （NCL） is the most abundant RNA-binding protein in the cell nucleolus and plays an important role in chromatin stability,ribosome assembly,ribosomal RNA maturation,ribosomal DNA transcription,nu...Background：Nucleolin （NCL） is the most abundant RNA-binding protein in the cell nucleolus and plays an important role in chromatin stability,ribosome assembly,ribosomal RNA maturation,ribosomal DNA transcription,nucleocytoplasmic transport,and regulation of RNA stability and translation efficiency.In addition to its anti-apoptotic properties,the underlying mechanisms associated with NCL-related roles in different cellular processes remain unclear.In this study,the effect of NCL on microRNA （miRNA） expression was evaluated by generating transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL and by analyzing microarrays of mature and precursor miRNAs from mice.Methods：Using microinjection ofalpha-MyHc clone 26-NCL plasmids,we generated transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL firstly,and then mature and precursor miRNAs expression profiles were analyzed in NCL transgenic mice （n =3） and wild-type （WT） mice （n =3） by miRNA microarrays.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 software （SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA） was used to perform Student＇s t-test,and statistical significance was determined at P 〈 0.05.Results：Several miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed,of which 11 were upregulated and 4 were downregulated in transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL compared to those in WT mice.Several differentially expressed miRNAs were subsequently confirmed and quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Bioinformatics analysis was used for the prediction of miRNA targets.Furthermore,in vitro experiments showed that NCL regulated miR-21 expression following hydrogen peroxide preconditioning.Conclusions：Myocardial-protection mechanisms exerted by NCL might be mediated by the miRNAs identified in this study.展开更多
基金the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.2018A610208)the National This work was supported by the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.2018A610208)the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(NIEHS)(Grant no.2P42ES013648)。
文摘Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)are a new class of pollutants that are long-lived in fine particles(PM_(2.5)),i.e.,their 1/e lifetime ranges from days to months(or even infinite).They are capable of producing harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.The redox cycling of EPFRs is considered as an important pathway for PM_(2.5) to induce oxidative stress inside the humans,causing adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Conse-quently,research regarding their toxicity,formation and environmental occurrences in PM_(2.5) has attracted increasing atten-tions globally during the past two decades.However,literature data in this field remain quite limited and discrete.Hence,an extensive review is urgently needed to summarize the current understanding of this topic.In this work,we systematically reviewed the analytical methods and environmental occurrences,e.g.,types,concentrations,and decay behaviors,as well as possible sources of EPFRs in PM_(2.5).The types of pretreatment methods,g-values of common EPFRs and categories of decay processes were discussed in detail.Moreover,great efforts were made to revisit the original data of the published works of EPFRs in airborne particulate matter and provided additional useful information for comparison where possible,e.g.,their mean and standard deviation of g-values,line widths(ΔHp-p),and concentrations.Finally,possible research opportunities were highlighted to further advance our knowledge of this emerging issue.
文摘Background：Nucleolin （NCL） is the most abundant RNA-binding protein in the cell nucleolus and plays an important role in chromatin stability,ribosome assembly,ribosomal RNA maturation,ribosomal DNA transcription,nucleocytoplasmic transport,and regulation of RNA stability and translation efficiency.In addition to its anti-apoptotic properties,the underlying mechanisms associated with NCL-related roles in different cellular processes remain unclear.In this study,the effect of NCL on microRNA （miRNA） expression was evaluated by generating transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL and by analyzing microarrays of mature and precursor miRNAs from mice.Methods：Using microinjection ofalpha-MyHc clone 26-NCL plasmids,we generated transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL firstly,and then mature and precursor miRNAs expression profiles were analyzed in NCL transgenic mice （n =3） and wild-type （WT） mice （n =3） by miRNA microarrays.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 software （SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA） was used to perform Student＇s t-test,and statistical significance was determined at P 〈 0.05.Results：Several miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed,of which 11 were upregulated and 4 were downregulated in transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of NCL compared to those in WT mice.Several differentially expressed miRNAs were subsequently confirmed and quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Bioinformatics analysis was used for the prediction of miRNA targets.Furthermore,in vitro experiments showed that NCL regulated miR-21 expression following hydrogen peroxide preconditioning.Conclusions：Myocardial-protection mechanisms exerted by NCL might be mediated by the miRNAs identified in this study.
