低出生体质量儿3～6岁时屈光状态及其相关因素分析

目的:探讨低出生体质量儿3～6岁时的屈光状态及其相关因素。方法:于2018-03/06期间采用分层整群抽样法随机抽取8所幼儿园低出生体质量儿144例作为研究组;按照1∶1配对原则随机选取相同幼儿园正常出生体质量儿144例作为对照组。比较两组研究对象的屈光状态和眼球生物计量指标,并分析低出生体质量儿等效球镜度数的相关因素。结果:各年龄段儿童中,研究组球镜度数和等效球镜度数均低于对照组,角膜曲率高于对照组,且仅5～6岁儿童中两组之间眼轴长度和柱镜度数有明显差异(均P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析发现,低出生体质量儿等效球镜度数=-10.491-0.442×年龄+0.765×胎龄+5.860×出生体质量-1.529×眼轴+0.547×角膜曲率(R^2=0.823,P<0.001)。结论:低出生体质量儿3～6岁时近视性屈光不正和散光的趋势高于正常出生体质量儿,其屈光不正与年龄、胎龄、出生体质量、眼轴、角膜曲率关系密切,需提早监测和干预。

The effect of an early oral stimulation program on oral feeding of preterm infants

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of an oral stimulation program on preterm infants.Methods:Preterm infants(n=72)were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.Controls(n=36)received routine care while the experimental group(n=36)received oral stimulation in addition to routine care.Postmenstrual age,total intake volume,body weight,the transition time from initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding and feeding efficiency were calculated.Results:Postmenstrual age and full oral feeding weight were significantly lower in the experimental group(p<0.05).The time from initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding was significantly shorter in the experimental group(p<0.05)while feeding efficiency was higher in the experimental group(p<0.05)compared to controls.No significant differences existed in hospital stay length or weight gain rate.Conclusions:An early oral stimulation program is beneficial in preterm infants.

Multislice spiral computed tomography imaging in evaluating hemophilic arthropathy

Background:Certain hemophilia patients are unable to cooperate with or afford magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations.The purpose of our study was to explore the value of multislice spiral computed tomography(MSCT)in evaluating hemophilic arthropathy(HA).Methods:Thirty-eight patients with 73 joints of HA were consecutively selected from January 2016 to May 2018 for this prospective study.All 73 joints were examined by X-ray,CT,and MRI within 2 days.The MRI scores of the joints were determined by the International Prophylaxis Study Group(IPSG)standard.The CT findings were quantified according to the IPSG standard,except for cartilage injury,which was quantified by joint space narrowing using the X-ray Pettersson score.The CT and MRI scores were compared by the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.The correlations between the CT score of joint space narrowing and MRI score of cartilage injury and the total CT and MRI scores were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.The kappa test was used to compare the consistency of CT and MRI scores.Results:MRI was superior to CT based on the scores for small amount of effusion(P<0.05),synovial hypertrophy and hemosiderin deposition in the mild groups(P<0.05).The CT and MRI scores were not significantly different for moderate and massive effusion,synovial hypertrophy,and hemosiderin deposition in the moderate and severe groups,bone erosion or cystic changes(P>0.05),and there was a high degree of consistency between the two scores(kappa>0.81).The consistency between the Pettersson scores of joint space narrowing on CT and the IPSG scores of cartilage injury on MRI was high(kappa=0.774,P<0.05).Conclusion:The image scores of MSCT are generally consistent with MRI except for mild synovitis,which can be used as an alternative for the evaluation of HA.

Trivalent Ni oxidation controlled through regulating lithium content to minimize perovskite interfacial recombination

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells,one of the most promising photovoltaic devices,have made great progress in their efficiency and preparation technology.In this study,uniform,highly conductive Li_(n)NiO_(x)(0≤n≤1;0<x≤3)films were prepared by electrochemical deposition for a range of Li concentration.Photovoltaic performance for the perovskite solar cells was enhanced through incorporation of the ion pair of Ni^(3+)-Ni^(2+) as the interfacial passivation.Depending on the amount of lithium doping,controlled interfacial oxidation was induced by Ni^(3+).The Li_(0.32)NiO_(x)inhibited charge recombination,reduced the defect density,and enhanced the photocurrent density.A maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.44%was obtained by Li_(0.32)NiO_(x).Further,in the long-term,in-air stabilities of unencapsulated Li_(n)-NiO_(x) perovskite solar cells were demonstrated.

Enhancement of the geomagnetic field reduces the phototaxis of rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens associated with frataxin down-regulation

The geomagnetic field(GMF)is an environmental cue that provides directional information for animals.The intensity of GMF is varied over space and time.Variations in the GMF intensity afect the navigation of animals and their physiology.In this study,the phototaxis of the migratory insect rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(N.lugens)and frataxin in N.lugens(NI-fh),which is a mitochondrial protein required for cellular iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster assembly,were investigated by using different intensities of magnetic field.From the results,individuals of N.lugens showed decreased phototaxis when reared and tested in a behavioral arena under a strong magnetic field.Besides the reduction in performance,an accompanying ffect of the strong magnetic field condition was a reduced level of Nl-fh-messenger RNA,and a NI-fh knockdown indeed impaired the phototactic behavior in a tested sample of insects.This leads to the conclusion that the expression of frataxin is dependent on the strength of the surrounding magnetic field and that functional frataxin facilitates phototactic behavior in N.lugens.