Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is associated with socioeconomic status.However,due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies,it is challenging to definitively establish causality.AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE.We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR(MVMR)analyses based on the IVW MVMR model.Furthermore,a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index,major depressive disorder(MDD),smoking,alcohol consumption,and sleep duration.RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD.These included household income[odds ratio(OR):0.46;95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.31-0.70],education attainment(OR:0.23;95%CI:0.18-0.29),and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment(OR:1.57;95%CI:1.04-2.37).These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD.Furthermore,the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD(proportion mediated:10.83%).Similarly,the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD(proportion mediated:10.58%)and the number of cigarettes smoked per day(proportion mediated:3.50%).Additionally,the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration(proportion mediated:9.75%)CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE,providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization

BACKGROUND In observational studies,dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal re-flux disease(GERD).AIM To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to determine whether those associations are causal.METHODS To explore the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of GERD,we extracted appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide asso-ciation study data on 24 dietary intakes.Three methods were adopted for data analysis:Inverse variance weighting,weighted median methods,and MR-Egger's method.The odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were used to eva-luate the causal association between dietary intake and GERD.RESULTS Our univariate Mendelian randomization(UVMR)results showed significant evidence that pork intake(OR,2.83;95%CI:1.76-4.55;P=1.84×10–5),beer intake(OR,2.70,95%CI:2.00-3.64;P=6.54×10–11),non-oily fish intake(OR,2.41;95%CI:1.49-3.91;P=3.59×10–4)have a protective effect on GERD.In addition,dried fruit intake(OR,0.37;95%CI:0.27-0.50;6.27×10–11),red wine intake(OR,0.34;95%CI:0.25-0.47;P=1.90×10-11),cheese intake(OR,0.46;95%CI:0.39-0.55;P=3.73×10-19),bread intake(OR,0.72;95%CI:0.56-0.92;P=0.0009)and cereal intake(OR,0.45;95%CI:0.36-0.57;P=2.07×10-11)were negatively associated with the risk of GERD.There was a suggestive asso-ciation for genetically predicted coffee intake(OR per one SD increase,1.22,95%CI:1.03-1.44;P=0.019).Multi-variate Mendelian randomization further confirmed that dried fruit intake,red wine intake,cheese intake,and cereal intake directly affected GERD.In contrast,the impact of pork intake,beer intake,non-oily fish intake,and bread intake on GERD was partly driven by the common risk factors for GERD.However,after adjusting for all four elements,there was no longer a suggestive association between coffee intake and GERD.CONCLUSION This study provides MR evidence to support the causal relationship between a broad range of dietary intake and GERD,providing new insights for the treatment and prevention of GERD.

Advancements in adipose-derived stem cell therapy for skin fibrosis

Pathological scarring and scleroderma,which are the most common conditions of skin fibrosis,pathologically manifest as fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix(ECM)hyperplasia.Fibroblast proliferation and ECM hyperplasia lead to fibrotic tissue remodeling,causing an exaggerated and prolonged wound-healing response.The pathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully clarified and is unfortunately accompanied by exceptionally high medical needs and poor treatment effects.Currently,a promising and relatively low-cost treatment has emerged-adipose-derived stem cell(ASC)therapy as a branch of stem cell therapy,including ASCs and their derivatives-purified ASC,stromal vascular fraction,ASC-conditioned medium,ASC exosomes,etc.,which are rich in sources and easy to obtain.ASCs have been widely used in therapeutic settings for patients,primarily for the defection of soft tissues,such as breast enhancement and facial contouring.In the field of skin regeneration,ASC therapy has become a hot research topic because it is beneficial for reversing skin fibrosis.The ability of ASCs to control profibrotic factors as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions will be discussed in this review,as well as their new applications in the treatment of skin fibrosis.Although the long-term effect of ASC therapy is still unclear,ASCs have emerged as one of the most promising systemic antifibrotic therapies under development.

多道熔化极气体保护焊Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金热影响区的组织和力学性能（英文）

研究多道熔化极气体保护焊Al?Zn?Mg?Cu合金板中热影响区的组织和力学性能,在此基础上分析热影响区的力学各向异性的形成和断裂机理。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对其显微组织和组成进行分析。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选择性区域电子衍射仪(SAED)分析相组成。显微硬度的分布特征是逐渐过渡的,而抗拉强度有先减小后增大的趋势。在α(Al)中的纳米级η(MgZn2)粒子和Al2MgCu相的分布决定沿厚度方向的拉伸性能并导致形成的热影响区韧性/脆性复合断裂。在带状析出物晶间连续分布的Al2MgCu相导致早期裂纹和脆性断裂区域的形成,粗化的析出粒子也导致力学性能的恶化。

Tailoring microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a high-performance alloy steel through controlled thermal cycles of a direct laser depositing process

Direct laser deposition(DLD),as a popular metal additive manufacturing process,shows advantages of technical flexibility and high efficiency to gain a high-performance alloy steel component.However,during the processing of DLD,the deposited steel layer is affected by the subsequent layer depositing.The DLD block shows different microstructure and mechanical properties at the bottom,middle and top of the deposited parts.To date,there are few research works about the effects of inter-layer interval time and laser power on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited layers.In this study,the idle time and laser power layer by layer during DLD of 12CrNi2 steel were controlled to cause the deposited layers to maintain a high cooling rate,while the bottom deposited layer was subjected to a weak tempering effect.Results show that a high proportion of martensite is produced,which improves the strength of the deposited layer.Under the laser scanning strategy of laser power 2,500 W,scanning velocity 5 mm·s^(-1),powder feeding rate 11 g·min^(-1),overlap rate 50%,and a laser power difference of 50 W and a 2 min interval,the tensile strength of the deposited layer of 12CrNi2 steel is in the range of 873-1,022 MPa,and the elongation is in the range of 16.2%-18.9%.This study provides a method to reduce the tempering effect of the subsequent deposition layers on the bottom layers,which can increase the proportion of martensite in the low-alloy high-strength steel,so as to improve the yield strength of the alloy steel.

单一分子量含氟嵌段共聚物的本体及薄膜自组装研究

嵌段共聚物导向自组装作为一种自下而上的图案化工艺,受到工业界和学术界的广泛关注.然而,导向自组装中缺陷率与分子参数之间的关系研究尚不清晰.本文工作基于模块化合成策略,利用迭代指数增长法并结合巯基-双键的点击反应成功制备了高χ低N的单一分子量含氟聚酯嵌段共聚物(oLAn-FPOSS).单一分子量特征可以排除多分散性对自组装行为的影响.本体自组装研究表明聚酯嵌段和含氟嵌段具有强相分离驱动力,可以形成特征尺寸小于10 nm的六方柱状相结构(HEX).在薄膜自组装中,嵌段共聚物经过简单的热退火可以在硅片表面形成平行基底排布的柱状纳米图案.此外,通过对比研究不同链长单一分子量嵌段共聚物的薄膜组装行为,发现随着嵌段共聚物链长的增长薄膜组装图形缺陷率明显下降,初步揭示了薄膜自组装过程中缺陷形成对嵌段共聚物链长的依赖性.

A modification of Faddeev–Popov approach free from Gribov ambiguity

We propose a modified version of the Faddeev–Popov(FP)quantization approach for nonAbelian gauge field theory to avoid Gribov ambiguity.We show that by means of introducing a new method of inserting the correct identity into the Yang–Mills generating functional and considering the identity generated by an integral through a subgroup of the gauge group,the problem of Gribov ambiguity can be removed naturally.Meanwhile by handling the absolute value of the FP determinant with the method introduced by Williams and collaborators,we lift the Jacobian determinant together with the absolute value and obtain a local Lagrangian.The new Lagrangian will have a nilpotent symmetry which can be viewed as an analog of the Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetry.

Quantum numbers of the pentaquark states Pc+ via symmetry analysis

We investigate the quantum numbers of the pentaquark states Pc+,which are composed of 4(three flavors)quarks and an antiquark,by analyzing their inherent nodal structure in this paper.Assuming that the four quarks form a tetrahedron or a square,and the antiquark is at the ground state,we determine the nodeless structure of the states with orbital angular moment L≤3,and in turn,the accessible low-lying states.Since the inherent nodal structure depends only on the inherent geometric symmetry,we propose the quantum numbers JPof the low-lying pentaquark states P_c^+may be■,■,■and■,independent of dynamical models.

Plasma transferred arc forming technology for remanufacture

The plasma transferred arc （PTA） forming remanufacturing technology was introduced in this paper. This technology includes plasma surfacing, deposition and rapid forming technology. With self-developed plasma forming system, the thrust of engine cylinder body was remanufactured by PTA powder surfacing. In the concrete, the Nil5 alloy was deposited on the thrust face of the body in order to recover its dimension. In addition, the reman- ufacturing forming with Fe-based, Inconel 625 alloy was studied. The microstructure and hardness of the as-depos- ited materials were investigated.