Copper nanoclusters(Cu NCs)have recently emerged as promising luminophores,featuring ultra-small size,reasonable photostability,large Stokes shift,and long emission lifetimes.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)has been ...Copper nanoclusters(Cu NCs)have recently emerged as promising luminophores,featuring ultra-small size,reasonable photostability,large Stokes shift,and long emission lifetimes.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)has been often used to further improve both the emission intensity and stability of these clusters,with plenty of potential applications in the fields of chemical sensing and bioimaging.This review starts with a summary of the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs and proceeds with the analysis of contributions from the Cu metal core and the organic ligands.We summarize the recent research progress on the design of ligands,and the ways on how to induce aggregation of the Cu NCs through electrostatic charge neutralization,host-guest interactions,and the use of templates.We also discuss the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs experiencing AIE,such as the often-cited restriction of intramolecular motion and contributions from Cu(I)molecular complexes.We finish this review by providing concluding remarks and offering our own perspective on the active field of AIE of Cu NCs,with a hope to further promote the research on the fundamental aspects of this useful phenomenon.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:21804030Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:B2020201060+4 种基金One Hundred Talent Project of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:E2019050011Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department,Grant/Award Number:BJ2020033Natural Science Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University,Grant/Award Number:DXK201906Centre for Functional Photonics(City University of Hong Kong)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:B2021201038。
文摘Copper nanoclusters(Cu NCs)have recently emerged as promising luminophores,featuring ultra-small size,reasonable photostability,large Stokes shift,and long emission lifetimes.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)has been often used to further improve both the emission intensity and stability of these clusters,with plenty of potential applications in the fields of chemical sensing and bioimaging.This review starts with a summary of the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs and proceeds with the analysis of contributions from the Cu metal core and the organic ligands.We summarize the recent research progress on the design of ligands,and the ways on how to induce aggregation of the Cu NCs through electrostatic charge neutralization,host-guest interactions,and the use of templates.We also discuss the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs experiencing AIE,such as the often-cited restriction of intramolecular motion and contributions from Cu(I)molecular complexes.We finish this review by providing concluding remarks and offering our own perspective on the active field of AIE of Cu NCs,with a hope to further promote the research on the fundamental aspects of this useful phenomenon.
