Hotspots and trends of risk factors in gastric cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND The lack of specific symptoms of gastric cancer(GC)causes great challenges in its early diagnosis.Thus it is essential to identify the risk factors for early diagnosis and treatment of GC and to improve the survival rates.AIM To assist physicians in identifying changes in the output of publications and research hotspots related to risk factors for GC,constructing a list of key risk factors,and providing a reference for early identification of patients at high risk for GC.METHODS Research articles on risk factors for GC were searched in the Web of Science core collection,and relevant information was extracted after screening.The literature was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019,CiteSpace V,and VOSviewer 1.6.18.RESULTS A total of 2514 papers from 72 countries and 2507 research institutions were retrieved.China(n=1061),National Cancer Center(n=138),and Shoichiro Tsugane(n=36)were the most productive country,institution,or author,respectively.The research hotspots in the study of risk factors for GC are summarized in four areas,namely:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,single nucleotide polymorphism,bio-diagnostic markers,and GC risk prediction models.CONCLUSION In this study,we found that H.pylori infection is the most significant risk factor for GC;single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)is the most dominant genetic factor for GC;bio-diagnostic markers are the most promising diagnostic modality for GC.GC risk prediction models are the latest current research hotspot.We conclude that the most important risk factors for the development of GC are H.pylori infection,SNP,smoking,diet,and alcohol.

The growth and expansive applications of amorphous Ga_(2)O_(3)

As a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material,gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))is attracting extensive attention of researchers due to its feasible growth process,appropriate bandgap of 4.4 e V-5.3 e V allowing for deep-ultraviolet(deepUV)detection,good physical and chemical stability,high breakdown field strength and electron mobility,etc.Different from the strict processes for controllable crystalline Ga_(2)O_(3)(usually refer to as stable monoclinicβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)),amorphous Ga_(2)O_(3)(a-Ga_(2)O_(3))film can be prepared uniformly at low temperature on a large-area deposition substrate,suggesting great advantages such as low manufacturing cost and excellent flexibility,dispensing with high-temperature and high vacuum techniques.Thus,a-Ga_(2)O_(3)extremely facilitates important applications in various applied fields.Therefore,in this concise review,we summarize several major deposition methods for a-Ga_(2)O_(3)films,of which the characteristics are discussed.Additionally,potential methods to optimize the film properties are proposed by right of the inspiration from some recent studies.Subsequently,the applications of a-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,e.g.,in photodetectors,resistive random access memories(RRAMs)and gas sensors,are represented with a fruitful discussion of their structures and operating mechanisms.

A self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction with low noise and stable photoresponse

A self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)was successfully constructed on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction,which was fabricated by spin-coating the hydrothermally grown Bi_(2)WO_(6)onto MOCVD-grown Ga_(2)O_(3)film.The results show that a typical type-I heterojunction is formed at the interface of the Ga_(2)O_(3)film and clustered Bi_(2)WO_(6),which demonstrates a distinct photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V under the irradiation of 254 nm UV light.Moreover,the Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)PD displays excellent photodetection performance with an ultra-low dark current of~6 fA,and a high light-to-dark current ratio(PDCR)of 3.5 x 10^(4)in self-powered mode(0 V),as well as a best responsivity result of 2.21 mA/W in power supply mode(5 V).Furthermore,the PD possesses a stable and fast response speed under different light intensities and voltages.At zero voltage,the PD exhibits a fast rise time of 132 ms and 162 ms,as well as a quick decay time of 69 ms and 522 ms,respectively.In general,the newly attempted Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction may become a potential candidate for the realization of self-powered and high-performance UV photodetectors.

Achieving highly-efficient H2S gas sensor by flower-like SnO_(2)–SnO/porous GaN heterojunction

A flower-like SnO_(2)–SnO/porous Ga N(FSS/PGaN) heterojunction was fabricated for the first time via a facile spraying process, and the whole process also involved hydrothermal preparation of FSS and electrochemical wet etching of GaN,and SnO_(2)–SnO composites with p–n junctions were loaded onto PGaN surface directly applied to H_(2)S sensor. Meanwhile,the excellent transport capability of heterojunction between FSS and PGaN facilitates electron transfer, that is, a response time as short as 65 s and a release time up to 27 s can be achieved merely at 150℃ under 50 ppm H_(2)S concentration, which has laid a reasonable theoretical and experimental foundation for the subsequent PGaN-based heterojunction gas sensor.The lowering working temperature and high sensitivity(23.5 at 200 ppm H2S) are attributed to the structure of PGaN itself and the heterojunction between SnO_(2)–SnO and PGaN. In addition, the as-obtained sensor showed ultra-high test stability.The simple design strategy of FSS/PGaN-based H_(2)S sensor highlights its potential in various applications.

Behavior of vanadium during reduction and smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The effects of CaO content,MgO content and smelting temperature on the vanadium behavior during the smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets were investigated.The thermodynamics of reduction and distribution of vanadium was analyzed and the high-temperature smelting experiments were carried out.The thermodynamic calculations show that the distribution ratio of vanadium between the slag and the hot metal decreases with the increments of CaO and MgO content in the slag as well as the increase of the smelting temperature.The smelting experiments demonstrate that the vanadium content in iron and the recovery rate of vanadium in pig iron increase as the CaO content,MgO content and smelting temperature increase,whereas the vanadium distribution ratio between the slag and iron tends to decrease.Moreover,the recovery rate of vanadium in pig iron has a rising trend with increasing the optical basicity of the slag.The addition of MgO in the slag to increase the slag optical basicity can not only improve the vanadium reduction but also promote the formation of magnesium-containing anosovite,which is beneficial to following titanium extraction.

Gas-based reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate:behavior and mechanisms

The reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite pellets by H_2-CO at temperatures from 850 to 1050°C was investigated in this paper. The influences of pre-oxidation treatment, reduction temperature, and V_（H_2）/（V_（H_2） ＋ VCO） on the metallization degree were studied. The results showed that pre-oxidation played a substantial role in the reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite pellets. During the reduction process, the metallization degree increased with increasing temperature and increasing V_（H_2） /（V_（H_2） ＋ VCO）. The phase transformation of pre-oxidized vanadium titano-magnetite pellets during the reduction process under an H_2 atmosphere and a CO atmosphere was discussed, and the reduced samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） in conjunction with back scatter electron（BSE） imaging. The results show that the difference in thermodynamic reducing ability between H_2 and CO is not the only factor that leads to differences in the reduction results obtained using different atmospheres. Some of Fe_（3-x）Ti_xO_4 cannot be reduced under a CO atmosphere because of the densification of particles＇ structure and because of the enrichment of Mg in unreacted cores. By contrast, a loose structure of particles was obtained when the pellets were reduced under an H_2 atmosphere and this structure decreased the resistance to gas diffusion. Moreover, the phenomenon of Mg enrichment in unreacted cores disappeared during H_2 reduction. Both the lower resistance to gas diffusion and the lack of Mg enrichment facilitated the reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite.

Appropriate titanium slag composition during smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The suitable titanium slag composition with high titanium content for electric furnace smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite was investigated through thermodynamics and related phase diagram analysis.According to the thermodynamic results,low-melting-point regions and MgTi2O5primary phase area in the phase diagrams,the suggested titanium slag composition for the present vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets should consist of50%TiO2,8%-12%MgO and13%Al2O3(mass fraction)with a binary basicity of0.8-1.2.Finally,the verified smelting experiments were conducted and successful separation of the molten iron from the titanium slag is obtained.The obtained vanadium-containing molten iron contains0.681%V and0.267%Ti,and the obtained titanium slag contains52.21%TiO2(mass fraction),in which MgTi2O5is the primary phase.The titanium resource in the final titanium slag production could be used to produce TiO2pigment by acid leaching methods.

Characteristics of the reduction behavior of zinc ferrite and ammonia leaching after roasting

A novel method for recovering zinc from zinc ferrite by reduction roasting–ammonia leaching was studied in this paper. The reduction thermodynamic of zinc ferrite by CO was analyzed. The effects of roasting parameters on the phase transformation and conversion rate of zinc ferrite, and the leaching behavior of zinc from the reductive roasted samples by ammonia leaching, were experimentally investigated. The mineralogical phase compositions and chemical compositions of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and chemical titration methods, respectively. The results showed that most of the zinc ferrite was transformed to zinc oxide and magnetite after weak reduction roasting. 86.43% of the zinc ferrite was transformed to zinc oxide under the optimum conditions: CO partial pressure of 25%, roasting temperature of 750°C, and roasting duration of 45 min. Finally, under the optimal leaching conditions, 78.12% of zinc was leached into the solution from the roasted zinc ferrite while all iron-bearing materials were kept in the leaching residue. The leaching conditions are listed as follows: leaching duration of 90 min,ammonia solution with 6 mol/L concentration, leaching temperature of 50°C, solid-to-liquid ratio of 40 g/L, and stirring speed of 200 r/min.

剖腹产围术期体温保护的临床随机对照研究

目的观察围术期保温对剖腹产手术中产妇体温下降的影响。方法选取120例蛛网膜下腔麻醉下行剖腹产的患者将其随机分为实验组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组60例。实验组(S组):在麻醉之前30 min使用加温服给予加温,温度设定为40℃。对照组(C组):麻醉前30 min不给予加温服保温。记录两组血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血压、心率(HR)及鼓膜室温度。麻醉前30 min测量两组体温为基础体温,麻醉后每15 min测量1次体温,两组进行比较。结果两组基础体温比较无差异(P <0.05),但麻醉后手术时两组体温差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。实验组基础体温为(36.6±0.3℃),麻醉时体温为(36.5±0.3℃)最后下降至(36.1±0.2℃),对照组基础体温为(36.4±0.4)℃,麻醉时体温为(36.3±0.3)℃,最后下降至(35.4±0.4℃)(P <0.05)。两组血液动力学比较,差异无统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论腰麻前30 min积极主动的升温能够预防足月孕妇行剖腹产手术中的体温下降。

Numerical and analytical investigations for the SOI LDMOS with alternated high-k dielectric and step doped silicon pillars

This paper presents a new silicon-on-insulator(SOI) lateral-double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor(LDMOST) device with alternated high-k dielectric and step doped silicon pillars(HKSD device). Due to the modulation of step doping technology and high-k dielectric on the electric field and doped profile of each zone, the HKSD device shows a greater performance. The analytical models of the potential, electric field, optimal breakdown voltage, and optimal doped profile are derived. The analytical results and the simulated results are basically consistent, which confirms the proposed model suitable for the HKSD device. The potential and electric field modulation mechanism are investigated based on the simulation and analytical models. Furthermore, the influence of the parameters on the breakdown voltage(BV) and specific on-resistance(R_(on,sp)) are obtained. The results indicate that the HKSD device has a higher BV and lower R_(on,sp) compared to the SD device and HK device.

Thermodynamics and phase transformations in the recovery of zinc from willemite

Willemite is a common component of zinc and lead metallurgical slags that, in the absence of effective utilization methods, cause serious environmental problems. To solve this problem and increase zinc recovery, we proposed a novel extraction method of zinc from willemite by calcified roasting followed by leaching in NH_4 Cl–NH_3·H_2 O solution. The thermodynamics and phase conversion of Zn_2 Si O_4 to zinc oxide(ZnO) during calcified roasting with CaO were investigated. The mechanism of mineralogical phase conversion and the effects of the CaO-to-Zn_2 Si O_4 mole ratio(n(Ca O)/n(Zn_2 Si O_4)), roasting temperature, and the roasting time on zinc-bearing phase conversion were experimentally investigated. The results show that Zn_2 Si O_4 was first converted to Ca_2 Zn Si_2 O_7 and then to ZnO. The critical step in extracting zinc from willemite is the conversion of Zn_2 Si O_4 to ZnO. The zinc percent leached in the ammonia leaching system rapidly increased because of the gradual complete phase conversion from willemite to ZnO via the calcified roasting process.

A 4×4 metal-semiconductor-metal rectangular deep-ultraviolet detector array of Ga_(2)O_(3)photoconductor with high photo response

A 4×4 beta-phase gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2)O_(3))deep-ultraviolet(DUV)rectangular 10-fingers interdigital metalsemiconductor-metal(MSM)photodetector array of high photo responsivity is introduced.The Ga2O_(3)thin film is prepared through the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique,then used to construct the photodetector array via photolithography,lift-off,and ion beam sputtering methods.The one photodetector cell shows dark current of 1.94 p A,phototo-dark current ratio of 6×10_(7),photo responsivity of 634.15 A·W^(-1),specific detectivity of 5.93×1011cm·Hz1/2·W^(-1)(Jones),external quantum efficiency of 310000%,and linear dynamic region of 108.94 d B,indicating high performances for DUV photo detection.Furthermore,the 16-cell photodetector array displays uniform performances with decent deviation of 19.6%for photo responsivity.

Distribution ratio of sulfur between high alumina slag and carbonsaturated iron

High alumina slag is widely found in pyrometallurgical extractions of ferronickel,ferrochromium,and platinum group metals.The effects of MgO,Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO/SiO_(2) on the sulfur distribution ratio between high-alumina CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag and carbon-saturated iron were investigated.The slag consisted of Al_(2)O_(3) content in the range of 27.61–40.00 wt.%,CaO/SiO_(2) ratio of 0.8–1.1,and MgO content of 8–16 wt.%.The theoretical liquid areas of CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag were analyzed through the phase diagrams.The sulfur distribution ratio was measured via the slag–metal equilibrium technique at 1500ºC.It was observed that the sulfur distribution ratio increased with higher MgO content and higher CaO/SiO_(2) ratio largely due to the increase in free O^(2-)ions and the decrease in activity coefficient of sulfur ion in slag,but slightly decreased with the increasing Al_(2)O_(3) content because of the decrease in free O^(2-).

Effects of high pressure roller grinding on size distribution of vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate particles and improvement of green pellet strength

The vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate from Panxi region of China was pretreated by high pressure roller grinding（ HPRG） and then used in pelletization. Size distribution change of the vanadiumtitanium magnetite concentrate after HPRG and the improvement of its green pellet strength were investigated. The results indicated that,besides the increase of fine particles,the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate after HPRG had a smaller size ratio of fine particle to coarse particle of 0. 126,meaning a lower porosity,compared with the size ratio of raw material of 0. 157. The concentrate particles were more closely packed when there was a smaller size ratio of fine particle to coarse particle. The particle packing in the green pellets was closer after HPRG,which strengthened the green pellets with an average drop number of 5. 1（ drop height of 0. 5 m） and average compressive strength of 13. 1 N per pellet of 11 mm in diameter.

Reduction roasting–magnetic separation of vanadium tailings in presence of sodium sulfate and its mechanisms

Reduction roasting with sodium sulfate fol- lowed by magnetic separation was investigated to utilize vanadium tailings with total iron grade of 54.90 wt% and TiO2 content of 17.40 wt%. The results show that after reduction roasting-magnetic separation with sodium sul- fate dosage of 2 wt% at roasting temperature of 1150℃ for roasting time of 120 min, metallic iron concentrate with total iron grade of 90.20 wt%, iron recovery rate of 97.56 % and TiO2 content of 4.85 wt% is obtained and high-titanium slag with TiO2 content of 57.31 wt% and TiO2 recovery rate of 80.27 % is also obtained. The results show that sodium sulfate has a catalytic effect on the reduction of tailings in the novel process by thermody- namics, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） and reacts with silica and alumina in the tailings to form sodium silicate and sodium aluminosili- cate. Migration of elements and chemical reactions destroy the crystal structures of minerals and promote the reduction of vanadium tailings, resulting in that iron grains grow to large size so that metallic iron concentrate with high total iron grade and low TiO2 content is obtained.

Mechanism of vanadic titanomagnetite solid-state reduction

The influence mechanism of vanadic titanomagnetite solid-state reduction was studied in this paper.Optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to characterize the structure and phases of the samples.The results show that the dense structure is not the reason that limits the reducibility of Panxi vanadic titanomagnetite.Metallization rate of 93%was achieved when it was reduced at 1100℃for 100 min.After pre-oxidation,Fe_(9)TiO_(15)and Fe_(2)O_(3)are the main phases of samples.Pre-oxidation could destroy the dense structure of vanadic titanomagnetite and increase the specific surface area of particles.However,reducibility of vanadic titanomagnetite is not improved obviously by pre-oxidation,with metallization rate increasing only 1%under the same reduction conditions,and the generated metallic iron grains are smaller.Phase transformation of vanadic titanomagnetite at different reduction temperatures shows that the presence of FeTi_(2)O_(5)is the main reason that limits the reducibility of Panxi vanadic titanomagnetite.

Development and mechanism analysis of a highly efficient binder in pelletizing of ilmenite used in electric furnace

The development and mechanism of a highly efficient binder in pelletizing of ilmenite from Panzhihua,China,were investigated.It shows that both the drop strength of green pellets and compressive strength of dried pellets were improved when using the mixtures of starch,NaOH and sodium silicate as the adhesive.Adhesive film was formed on the surface of particles as the function of sodium silicate,promoting the filling of gelatinized starch between the adhesive films to bond the particle tightly.The drop strength of green pellet was 1.3 times/(pellet 700 mm),and the compressive strength of dried pellet of 250℃ was 1825 N/pellets when 0.5 wt%NaOH,1.0 wt% sodium silicate and 2.0 wt% starch were added as adhesive.

Transformation and separation of metallic iron in reduced ilmenite during corrosion process

The effects of corrosion temperature, oxygen flow rate and corrosion time on the transformation of metallic iron were systematically studied, and the effects of mineral phases of Fe-bearing products on Ti-Fe separation were investigated. The reaction mechanism of metallic iron in corrosion process was proposed. The results showed that corrosion temperature played a key role in determining the transformation of metallic iron in reduced ilmenite during corrosion process. Under suitable corrosion conditions, Fe-bearing mineral in reduced ilmenite could be converted to amorphous ferric hydroxide, lepidocrocite,hematite and magnetite, respectively, and lepidocrocite was the most easily separated Fe-bearing mineral from corrosion products owing to the significant density difference between lepidocrocite and Ti-rich materials. The Ti-rich material with 77.81 wt.% TiO2 and Fe-bearing product with 52.69 wt.% total Fe were obtained by gravity separation. The Ti recovery ratio and Fe recovery ratio were 91.16% and 86.27%, respectively.

SIES:A Novel Implementation of Spiking Convolutional Neural Network Inference Engine on Field-Programmable Gate Array

Neuromorphic computing is considered to be the future of machine learning,and it provides a new way of cognitive computing.Inspired by the excellent performance of spiking neural networks(SNNs)on the fields of low-power consumption and parallel computing,many groups tried to simulate the SNN with the hardware platform.However,the efficiency of training SNNs with neuromorphic algorithms is not ideal enough.Facing this,Michael et al.proposed a method which can solve the problem with the help of DNN(deep neural network).With this method,we can easily convert a well-trained DNN into an SCNN(spiking convolutional neural network).So far,there is a little of work focusing on the hardware accelerating of SCNN.The motivation of this paper is to design an SNN processor to accelerate SNN inference for SNNs obtained by this DNN-to-SNN method.We propose SIES(Spiking Neural Network Inference Engine for SCNN Accelerating).It uses a systolic array to accomplish the task of membrane potential increments computation.It integrates an optional hardware module of max-pooling to reduce additional data moving between the host and the SIES.We also design a hardware data setup mechanism for the convolutional layer on the SIES with which we can minimize the time of input spikes preparing.We implement the SIES on FPGA XCVU440.The number of neurons it supports is up to 4000 while the synapses are 256000.The SIES can run with the working frequency of 200 MHz,and its peak performance is 1.5625 TOPS.

Calcium channel blockers improve prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and hypertension

Background:Hypertension is considered an important risk factor for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The commonly anti-hypertensive drugs are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)inhibitors,calcium channel blockers(CCBs),and beta-blockers.The association between commonly used anti-hypertensive medications and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients with hypertension has not been well studied.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital and Guanggu District of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province,Wuhan,China.Clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records.Hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment were confirmed by medical history and clinical records.The primary clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality.Secondary endpoints included the rates of patients in common wards transferred to the intensive care unit and hospital stay duration.Logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors associated with mortality and prognosis.Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounders between different anti-hypertensive treatments.Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the cumulative recovery rate.Log-rank tests were performed to test for differences in Kaplan-Meier curves between different groups.Results:Among 4569 hospitalized patients with COVID-19,31.7%(1449/4569)had a history of hypertension.There were significant differences in mortality rates between hypertensive patients with CCBs(7/359)and those without(21/359)(1.95%vs.5.85%,risk ratio[RR]:0.32,95% confidence interval[CI]:0.13–0.76,χ^(2)=7.61,P=0.0058).After matching for confounders,the mortality rates were similar between the RAAS inhibitor(4/236)and non-RAAS inhibitor(9/236)cohorts(1.69% vs.3.81%,RR:0.43,95% CI:0.13–1.43,χ^(2)=1.98,P=0.1596).Hypertensive patients with beta-blockers(13/340)showed no statistical difference in mortality compared with those without(11/340)(3.82% vs.3.24%,RR:1.19,95% CI:0.53–2.69,χ^(2)=0.17,P=0.6777).Conclusions:In our study,we did not find any positive or negative effects of RAAS inhibitors or beta-blockers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension,while CCBs could improve prognosis.