CAG-repeat variant in the polymerase γ gene and male infertility in the Chinese population： a meta-analysis

Several studies have reported a relationship between the length of the CAG-repeat in the polymerase y （POLG） gene and male infertility. However, other studies have not reproduced this result. In our study, the POLG-CAG-repeat length was analyzed in 535 healthy individuals from six Chinese Han populations living in different provinces. The frequencies of IO-CAG alleles and genotypes were high （97.38 and 94.13%, respectively）, with no significant difference among the six Chinese Han populations. Furthermore, we determined the distribution of the POLG-CAG-repeat in 150 infertile men and 126 fertile men. Our study suggested that the distributions of POLG-CAG-repeat alleles and genotypes were not significantly different between infertile （95.67 and 92.67%, respectively） and fertile men （97.22 and 94.44%, respectively）. In a subsequent meta-analysis, combining our data with data from previous studies, a comparison of the CAG-repeat alleles in fertile versus infertile men showed no obvious risk for male infertility associated with any particular allele （pooled odds ratio （0R）=0.94; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.60-1.48）. The significance level was not attained with any of the following genetic models： homozygote comparison （not lO/not 10 versus 10110： OR= 1.34; 95% Ch 0.66-2.72）, heterozygote comparison （lO/not 10 versus 10/10： OR= 1.04; 95% Ch 0.78-1.38）, dominant model comparison （not lO/not 10＋ 101 not 10 versus 10110. OR= 1.08; 95% Ch 0.79-1.47） and recessive genetic comparison （not lO/not 10 versus lO/not 10＋ 10/10- OR= 1.31; 95% Ch 0.68-2.55）. In conclusion, there is no significant difference of the frequencies of POLG-CAG-repeat variants among six Chinese Han populations, and this polymorphism may not be associated with Chinese male infertility. On the basis of a meta-analysis, there is no obvious association between CAG-repeat variants of the POLG gene and male infertility.

Pharmacologic mechanisms mining and prediction of Xiaoer Qixing Cha Formulae in the treatment of infantile functional dyspepsia based on chemical analysis by UPLC-QTOF/MS and interactive network pharmacology

目的:对小儿七星茶的主要化学成分进行解析和鉴定,并探讨其治疗小儿消化不良的作用机制。方法:采用UPLC-QTOF/MS技术对小儿七星茶进行测定分析。通过数据库搜索化学成分相关靶点和疾病相关靶点,并筛选出小儿七星茶对应的疾病治疗靶点。运用Cytoscape软件进行网络建立和分析,同时将成分和靶点根据药材来源进行归类,通过靶点数目分布验证组方的“君、臣、佐、使”配伍规律。运用ClueGo进行GO生物功能分析和KEGG通路富集,进一步预测小儿七星茶发挥药效的作用机制。结果:通过解析得到5 3 个化合物,筛选出疾病相关靶点6 3 个,其中AKT1、FOS、SLC6A4、COM T和5-H T受体是重要靶点,能调节碳水化合物消化吸收、5-H T代谢和cA M P等信号通路。结果表明,小儿七星茶能通过干预脑肠轴相关的靶点和通路发挥治疗作用。结论:本研究为小儿七星茶的深入研究提供了实验和理论基础,为中药复方的药效学机制研究提供了科学依据。

Gastrointestinal microbiome and primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a review of the literature and conclusions

The recognition of the profound impact of the human gastrointestinal microbiome(GM) on human autoimmune diseases has gradually increased thanks to deeper research efforts. As a systemic autoimmune disease, primary Sjogren’s syndrome(pSS) cannot be completely cured. Human studies have revealed that GM species and diversity are altered in patients with p SS compared with healthy individuals. Animal studies have provided possible mechanisms for the association between pSS and GM. The potential role of GM in pSS is exerted through several mechanisms. GM dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability, which increases the risk of GM antigen exposure and activates specific autoreactive T lymphocytes via “molecular mimicry”. In addition, GM antigen exposure and intestinal immune tolerance loss caused by GM dysbiosis together induce chronic local gut mucosal inflammation, which deteriorates to systemic chronic non-specific inflammation with the circulation of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes and cytokines. These factors eventually activate autoreactive B lymphocytes and lead to pSS. If GM plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pSS, clarifying the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of new therapies targeting GM for dry eye associated with pSS. This review summarizes the latest knowledge about the relationship between GM and p SS,with the aim of contributing to future research and to the development of new clinical applications.

Deep Sequential Feature Learning in Clinical Image Classification of Infectious Keratitis

Infectious keratitis is the most common condition of corneal diseases in which a pathogen grows in the cornea leading to inflammation and destruction of the corneal tissues.Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency for which a rapid and accurate diagnosis is needed to ensure prompt and precise treatment to halt the disease progression and to limit the extent of corneal damage;otherwise,it may develop a sight-threatening and even eye-globe-threatening condition.In this paper,we propose a sequentiallevel deep model to effectively discriminate infectious corneal disease via the classification of clinical images.In this approach,we devise an appropriate mechanism to preserve the spatial structures of clinical images and disentangle the informative features for clinical image classification of infectious keratitis.In a comparison,the performance of the proposed sequential-level deep model achieved 80%diagnostic accuracy,far better than the 49.27%±11.5%diagnostic accuracy achieved by 421 ophthalmologists over 120 test images.

An Improved Name Disambiguation Method Based on Atom Cluster

An improved name disambiguation method based on atom cluster. Aiming at the method of character-related properties of similarity based on information extraction depends on the character information, a new name disambiguation method is proposed, and improved k-means algorism for name disambiguation is proposed in this paper. The cluster analysis cluster is introduced to the name disambiguation process. Experiment results show that the proposed method having the high implementation efficiency and can distinguish the different people with the same name.

Name Disambiguation Method Based on Attribute Match and Link Analysis

A name disambiguation method is proposed based on attribute match and link analysis applying in the field of insurance. Aiming at the former name disambiguation methods such as text clustering method needs to be considered in a lot of useless words, a new name disambiguation method is advanced. Firstly, the same attribute matching is applied, merging the identity of a successful match, secondly, the link analysis is used, structural analysis of customers network is analyzed, Finally, the same cooperating information is merged. Experiment results show that the proposed method can realize name disambiguation successfully.

Long-term comparison of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in treating keratoconus

Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in treating keratoconus. Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 64 patients who received full-bed DALK and 52 eyes of 51 patients who received PK between June 2000 and August 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Full-bed DALK was performed using Yao's hooking-detaching technique. PK was performed using a standard technique. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, visual acuity, rejection, graft survival, endothelial cell density, corneal sensation recovery, and re-innervation were compared between the two groups. Results: A best correct visual acuity of 0.5 or better was achieved in 90.7% of eyes after full-bed DALK and in 92.3% of eyes after PK (P=0.75). By the fifth postoperative year, graft endothelial cell loss reached 34.6% in the PK group vs. 13.9% in the full-bed DALK group (P<0.001). There were no statistical differences in corneal sensitivity recovery or corneal re-innervation between the groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative microperforation occurred in seven out of 75 (9.3%) eyes with a temporally postoperative double anterior chamber in two eyes in the full-bed DALK group. Postoperative complications in the PK vs. the full-bed DALK groups respectively were: rejection (7.7% vs. 0%, P=0.015), high intraocular pressure (IOP) (46.2% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001), secondary glaucoma (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006), complicated cataract (19.2% vs. 0%, P<0.001), and wound dehiscence (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006). Conclusions: Both full-bed DALK and PK can offer long-term satisfactory visual outcomes for keratoconus. Graft rejection, secondary glaucoma, complicated cataracts, and constant endothelial cell loss were observed in eyes only after PK.

深度清洁装置清洁睑缘治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼症的初步研究（英文）

目的:评价深度清洁装置清洁睑缘治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼症的安全性和有效性.创新点:评估了一个干眼症治疗新方法的疗效.方法:将睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼症患者的两只眼随机分入治疗组和对照组.对照组进行人工泪液和眼睑热敷治疗,治疗组在上述治疗基础上加用深度清洁装置进行一次睑缘清洁.在基线和治疗一周后测量非侵入性泪膜破裂时间和泪河高度,用问卷调查表对每个人干眼症状进行评分.结论:深度清洁装置睑缘清洁是一种安全有效的方法,适用于睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼症患者.

集成式生物3D打印构建几何结构可控的角膜替代物方法（英文）

目的:供体角膜短缺是一个全球性问题。现有的角膜替代物主要依赖于传统的组织工程制造方法,仅支持具有不可控曲率的平坦或弯曲膜的制备。我们提出构建具有设计几何特征的弯曲薄膜,以通过生物3D打印实现厚度及曲率半径可控的角膜替代物。创新点:提出一种集成的3D角膜替代物打印系统,为3D角膜支架提供了一种新颖的制作方法;提出角膜光学特性与角膜支架几何特征的关系,并分析影响角膜光学功能的相关影响因素。根据扫描数据,采用该方法可以快速构建具有天然角膜几何形状和尺度的角膜支架。使用该方法可获得具有高细胞活力的载有细胞的复杂弯曲角膜状结构。该方法具有低制造成本和高重复性,是根据需要快速构建角膜预替代物的有效方法。方法:通过建立角膜数学模型,研究维持角膜视功能和生理学的关键几何参数和其他主导因素;根据天然角膜的表面拓扑结构,通过计算机辅助设计对精确定制的人造角膜进行建模;通过集成数字光处理和挤出生物打印来制备用于角膜替代的曲面薄膜。结论:由于结构可控性等优点,生物3D打印是制备具有几何结构可控人工生物合成角膜的有效工具,可以个性化构建具有天然角膜尺度的角膜替代物。

Effect of primary iris and ciliary body cyst on anterior chamber angle in patients with shallow anterior chamber

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts in eyes with shallow anterior chamber and their effect on the narrowing of the anterior chamber angle.Methods:Among the general physical check-up population,subjects with shallow anterior chambers,as judged by van Herick technique,were recruited for further investigation.Ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM) was used to detect and measure the cysts located in the iris and/or ciliary body,the anterior chamber depth(ACD),the angle opening distance at 500 μm(AOD500),and the trabecular-iris angle(TIA).A-scan ultrasonography was used to measure the ocular biometry,including lens thickness,axial length,lens/axial length factor(LAF),and relative lens position(RLP).The effect of the cyst on narrowing the corresponding anterior chamber angle and the entire angle was evaluated by the UBM images,ocular biometry,and gonioscopic grading.The eye with unilateral cyst was compared with the eye without the cyst for further analysis.Results:Among the 727 subjects with shallow anterior chamber,primary iris and ciliary body cysts were detected in 250(34.4%) patients;among them 96(38.4%) patients showed unilateral single cyst,21(8.4%) patients had unilateral double cysts,and 42(16.8%) patients manifested unilateral multiple and multi-quadrants cysts.Plateau iris configuration was found in 140 of 361(38.8%) eyes with cysts.The mean size of total cysts was(0.6547±0.2319) mm.In evaluation of the effect of the cyst size and location on narrowing the corresponding angle to their position,the proportion of the cysts causing corresponding angle narrowing or closure among the cysts larger than 0.8 mm(113/121,93.4%) was found to be significantly higher than that of the cysts smaller than 0.8 mm(373/801,46.6%),and a significant higher proportion was also found in the cysts located at iridociliary sulcus(354/437,81.0%) than in that at the pars plicata(131/484,27.1%).In evaluating the effect of the cyst on the entire anterior chamber angle,the eyes with multiple and multi-quadrants cysts manifested significant narrowing of the entire anterior chamber angle as compared with the eyes without cysts,based on the data analysis in comparison of TIA,AOD500,and gonioscopic grading evaluation.The unilateral single or double cysts in the eyes had no significant effect on narrowing of anterior chamber angle as compared with eyes without cysts.The iris and/or ciliary body cysts did not seem to affect the axial length,ACD,lens thickness,RLP,LAF.Conclusions:The prevalence of primary iris and ciliary body cyst was 34.4% in the subjects with shallow anterior chamber.The cysts larger than 0.8 mm,locating at iridociliary sulcus,or multiple and extensive cysts were inclined to cause the angle narrowing or closure.

冰冻保存供体的周边深板层角膜移植治疗Terrien’s角膜变性的临床疗效(英文)

研究目的:观察采用冰冻保存供体的周边深板层角膜移植治疗Terrien’s角膜变性(TMD)的临床疗效,探讨TMD的最佳手术治疗方式。创新要点:供体角膜为冰冻保存,其中部分为中央角膜移植术后剩余的角巩膜环,并改进传统的手术方法。采用周边深板层角膜移植,既充分利用和节约供体,避免排斥反应,又简化了手术操作过程,有效地恢复了眼球完整性和提高术后视力。研究方法:研究对象为1998年6月至2012年12月期间在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院眼科中心进行周边深板层角膜移植术的27例TMD病人的31只眼。根据病变范围和大小,分别进行环形深板层角膜移植和D形深板层角膜移植。所有植片均于-20°C冰冻保存,冰冻保存的角巩膜环植片用于环形深板层角膜移植,冰冻保存的整个眼球用于D形深板层角膜移植。对所有术眼的病例资料、视频及影像学检查进行回顾性分析,记录并总结患者的一般情况、术中表现、术后角膜结构的变化、屈光及视力的变化及术后并发症等。重要结论:采用冰冻保存供体的周边深板层角膜移植治疗TMD可以有效地恢复角膜结构的完整性且能长期维持(图3和4)。术后随访过程未发现免疫排斥反应,环形深板层角膜移植术后视力较前明显提高,而3例(100%)D形深板层角膜移植术后散光及视力均不提高(表1和2)。术前炎症及术中穿孔并不影响术后最终结果。

Commuting variety of Witt algebra

Let g = W1 be the Witt algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p 〉 3, and let ∮（g） = {（x,y） ∈ g×g [x,y] = 0} be the commuting variety of g. In contrast with the case of classical Lie algebras of P. Levy [J. Algebra, 2002, 250： 473-484], we show that the variety ∮（g） is reducible, and not equidimensional. Irreducible components of ∮（g） and their dimensions are precisely given. As a consequence, the variety ∮（g） is not normal.

前部深板层角膜移植术后泪新月高度、泪膜厚度及角膜上皮厚度的评估（英文）

目的:评估前部深板层角膜移植(DALK)术后的下泪新月高度(LTMH)、中央泪膜厚度(CTFT)及中央角膜上皮厚度(CCET)。创新点:首次利用高清光学相干断层扫描成像技术(HD-OCT)定量测量DALK术后的CCET、CTFT和LTMH,并发现各个参数之间及与其他临床数据的相关性。方法:回顾性横断面分析20例单眼DALK术后3月以上的患者。使用HD-OCT定量分析并比较术眼和对侧未手术眼的LTMH、CTFT和CCET。对各个OCT参数之间及与年龄、术后时间、植片直径、植床直径和残余缝线数量进行相关性分析。结论:本研究显示,圆锥角膜患者的中央角膜上皮倾向变薄;DALK术后角膜上皮随着时间推移而持续再生;与对侧未手术眼相比,DALK并不引起显著的泪液量变化。因此,术后的泪液功能可能取决于患者的整体状况而非年龄、性别、植片/植床直径、术后时间或残余缝线。

Pathogenic mutations of TGFBI and CHST6 genes in Chinese patients with Avellino,lattice,and macular corneal dystrophies

Objective:To investigate gene mutations associated with three different types of corneal dystrophies(CDs),and to establish a phenotype-genotype correlation.Methods:Two patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy(ACD),four patients with lattice corneal dystrophy type I(LCD I) from one family,and three patients with macular corneal dystrophy type I(MCD I) were subjected to both clinical and genetic examinations.Slit lamp examination was performed for all the subjects to assess their corneal phenotypes.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.The coding regions of the human transforming growth factor β-induced(TGFBI) gene and carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6(CHST6) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and subjected to direct sequencing.DNA samples from 50 healthy volunteers were used as controls.Results:Clinical examination showed three different phenotypes of CDs.Genetic examination identified that two ACD subjects were associated with homozygous R124H mutation of TGFBI,and four LCD I subjects were all associated with R124C heterozygous mutation.One MCD I subject was associated with a novel S51X homozygous mutation in CHST6,while the other two MCD I subjects harbored a previously reported W232X homozygous mutation.Conclusions:Our study highlights the prevalence of codon 124 mutations in the TGFBI gene among the Chinese ACD and LCD I patients.Moreover,we found a novel mutation among MCD I patients.

HLA polymorphism of the Zhuang population reflects the common HLA characteristics among Zhuang-Dong language-speaking populations

A study of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic characteristics in the Zhuang,the largest ethnic population in China,would provide insight into Zhuang history and give a useful tool for disease associations,transplantation,and anthropology.In the present study,we report the comprehensive HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C,and HLA-DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in the Zhuang population of southern China for the first time.A total of 13 HLA-A,24 HLA-B,22 HLA-C,and 18 HLA-DRB1 were identified in 104 Zhuang individuals.The frequencies of HLA-A11:01,A02:07,A24:02,A02:03,and A33:03 on A loci,B15:02,B58:01,B46:01,and B13:01 on B loci,C03:04,C08:01,C01:02,C03:02,and C07:02 on C loci,and DRB115:01,DRB116:02,DRB114:01,DRB115:02,and DRB103:01 on the DRB1 loci were >10%.The A33:03-C03:02-B58:01-DRB103:01 and A02:07-C01:02B46:01-DRB114:01 haplotypes were predominant in the Zhuang.The phylogenetic tree,as well as the analysis of haplotypes,suggested that the Zhuang are genetically similar to southern Chinese populations,especially the Zhuang-Dong language-speaking populations,such as the Bouyei,Dai,and Maonan.Even though the Zhuang and southern Chinese populations shared common alleles and haplotypes,the Zhuang has maintained its unique genetic characteristics.

Character Formulas for a Class of Simple Restricted Modules over the Simple Lie Superalgebras of Witt Type

Let F be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic, and W(m, n, 1) be the simple restricted Lie superalgebra of Witt type over F, which is the Lie superalgebra of superderivations of the superalgebra ■(m;1) ■∧(n), where ■(m;1) is the truncated polynomial algebra with m indeterminants and ∧(n) is the Grassmann algebra with n indeterminants. In this paper, the author determines the character formulas for a class of simple restricted modules of W(m, n, 1) with atypical weights of type Ⅰ.

全植床深板层角膜移植术后角膜厚度的分布及顶点的位置对术后屈光状态的影响（英文）

目的:探讨全植床深板层角膜移植术后角膜厚度的分布及顶点的位置对术后屈光状态的影响。创新点:角膜移植术后的高度散光或不规则散光都会严重影响患者的术后视力,部分患者甚至成为无法矫正的低视力。角膜移植术后植片和植床厚度的偏倚及顶点位置的偏倚可能会导致明显散光,目前并没有相关的研究报道。方法:回顾性分析相关病例,严格纳入标准,记录进展期圆锥角膜的患者全植床深板层角膜移植术后的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力及Pentacam检查结果,包括各个区域的角膜厚度差值、角膜瞳孔中心距角膜顶点的距离及散光矢量值、高阶像差,进行相关数据分析。结论:进展期圆锥角膜的患者经全植床深板层角膜移植术后,角膜瞳孔区厚度分布的不均匀及角膜顶点偏离瞳孔中心,都可能会造成明显散光,包括规则和不规则散光,从而影响术后的视觉效果。

冲洗伸展清创法处理延迟复位的LASIK术后外伤性瓣移位伴皱缩的良好临床结果（英文）

目的:报道一例手术处理延迟复位的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)后瓣移位伴皱缩并取得良好结果的案例。创新点:首次详细描述对延迟复位的LASIK术后瓣移位的手术方法。首次报道了长期延迟复位的LASIK术后瓣移位伴大皱缩经过无缝线的手术治疗也可取得良好的临床结果。方法:一例30岁男性在双眼LASIK术5年后受到右眼钝挫伤,并延误治疗5周。手术方法包括平衡盐溶液软化角膜瓣,仔细并轻柔地用26G针头刮除上皮和平衡盐溶液冲洗以伸展瓣皱褶。所有位于瓣内侧面和基质床的内生上皮都被仔细地刮除和冲洗去除。在复位角膜瓣后放置绷带式软性接触镜。结论:对于延迟处理的外伤性LASIK瓣移位,通过平衡盐溶液充分软化角膜瓣、伸展瓣皱褶以及彻底清创内生上皮可将瓣复位并得到良好的临床结果。