煤矸石中氧化铝盐酸浸出动力学

研究用盐酸从煤矸石中提取氧化铝的浸出动力学,并研究焙烧活化温度和浸出条件对氧化铝提取率的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳煅烧温度700℃、浸出温度150℃、反应2 h、盐酸浓度20%和液固比3:1的条件下,氧化铝提取率可达91.56%,随着氧化铝的浸出,锂的协同浸出率可同时达到80.00%。研究表明,氧化铝浸出过程符合收缩未反应核模型,且受化学反应控制,反应活化能为45.64 kJ/mol。

From beasts to bytes:Revolutionizing zoological research with artificial intelligence

Since the late 2010s,Artificial Intelligence(AI)including machine learning,boosted through deep learning,has boomed as a vital tool to leverage computer vision,natural language processing and speech recognition in revolutionizing zoological research.This review provides an overview of the primary tasks,core models,datasets,and applications of AI in zoological research,including animal classification,resource conservation,behavior,development,genetics and evolution,breeding and health,disease models,and paleontology.Additionally,we explore the challenges and future directions of integrating AI into this field.Based on numerous case studies,this review outlines various avenues for incorporating AI into zoological research and underscores its potential to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationships that exist within the animal kingdom.As we build a bridge between beast and byte realms,this review serves as a resource for envisioning novel AI applications in zoological research that have not yet been explored.

腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗中国老年宫颈癌疗效的Meta分析

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗中国老年宫颈癌的疗效。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文摘数据库(CBM)、万方全文数据库(wanfangdata)、中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊数据库(VIP)和Pub Med,根据入选标准筛选文献。从文献提取数据,采用Rev Man 5.2.9软件进行统计学分析。结果最终纳入符合标准的文献10篇,均为临床对照研究(CCT),无随机对照研究(RCT)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组患者年龄、体重、肿瘤分期等基本特征无明显差异。与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术组手术时间长(MD=32.60,95%CI:5.65~59.55,P=0.020),术中失血量少(MD=-94.01,95%CI:-130.65^-57.37,P=0.000),清除淋巴结数量少(MD=1.69,95%CI:0.67~2.72,P=0.001),术后排气时间早(MD=-17.09,95%CI:-21.19^-12.98,P=0.000),住院时间短(MD=-4.30,95%CI:-5.57^-3.02,P=0.000),差异有统计学意义。而术后留置尿管时间(MD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.92~0.58,P=0.290)、手术并发症发生率(OR^=0.62,95%CI:0.27~1.42,P=0.260),差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、恢复快等优势,并不增加手术并发症发生率,是治疗中国老年宫颈癌的理想术式。

肿瘤标志物、PTTG、VEGFR-3及血流参数在宫颈病变中的价值

目的探讨肿瘤标志物、垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)、血管内皮生长因子受体3(VEGFR-3)及血流动力学指标在宫颈良恶性病变患者中的表达及临床意义。方法选取2012年3月-2016年2月该院收治且经病理确诊的98例宫颈病变患者的临床资料。所有患者术中均留取宫颈组织标本,入院后均采集血样,采用免疫组织化学法测定PPTG、VEGFR-3表达情况,并测定血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、糖类抗原19-9(CA199)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平,检测微血管密度(MVD)。采用多普勒超声测定收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末血流速度(EDV)及血管阻力指数(RI),分析宫颈良恶性病变患者上述指标的表达情况及临床意义。结果 (1)慢性宫颈炎患者SCC、CA199及CA125水平均低于宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)患者与宫颈浸润癌患者(P <0.05),CIN患者上述水平低于宫颈浸润癌患者(P<0.05);(2) CIN、宫颈浸润癌PTTG、VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于慢性宫颈炎(P <0.05),宫颈浸润癌PTTG、VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于CIN(P <0.05);(3)慢性宫颈炎MVD低于CIN、宫颈浸润癌(P <0.05),CIN MVD低于宫颈浸润癌(P <0.05);(4) CIN、宫颈浸润癌PSV、EDV均高于慢性宫颈炎(P <0.05),RI低于慢性宫颈炎(P <0.05),宫颈浸润癌PSV、EDV高于CIN,RI低于CIN(P <0.05)。结论宫颈浸润癌患者血清肿瘤标志物表达水平高,癌组织PTTG、VEGFR阳性率高、MVD高,血流速度快、血管阻力低,与宫颈良性病变患者有差异。

Integration of Chinese herbal medicines and exercise for insomnia:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:As a disease,insomnia is often ignored by the general public.Insomnia,which not directly fatal,may be equivalent to chronic suicide if it is not paid attention to.However,there are many theories on how to treat insomnia,and researchers have been searching for a cure.Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)and exercise therapy(ET)are relatively effective,and have been used since ancient times to treat insomnia.This study aimed to examine the effect of CHM combined with ET(CHM-ET)on patients with insomnia.Methods:We searched eight electronic databases including PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),the China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc),the China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),the Wanfang Database to find randomized controlled trials(RCTs)evaluating CHM-ET in the treatment of insomnia patients up to September 13,2022.Two researchers read and screened the publications to extract data.We used the pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)as the evaluation indicators for each study,and the other was the total effective rate(TER).The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included literature.The level of evidence for this result was assessed by GARDE method.The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14 software and RevMan 5.3.The research method was registered with PROSPERO(CRD42022350926).Results:We included fourteen randomized controlled trials,which including a total of 1,126 participants.Compared with the control group,the experimental group showed significantly improvements in sleep effect as reflected by the reduced PSQI score[mean difference(MD)=-2.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-3.15,-1.78),I^(2)=92%]with low quality of evidence,and increased TER[risk ratio(RR)=1.23,95%CI(1.14,1.33),I^(2)=40%]with moderate quality of evidence.Compared with hypnotic drugs,CHM-ET significantly reduced the PSQI score[mean difference(MD)=-3.18,95%CI(-5.48,-0.89),I^(2)=73%]with low quality of evidence.The PSQI of CHM-ET significantly decreased compared with single CHM[mean difference(MD)=-3.04,95%CI(-5.84,-0.25),I^(2)=98%]with low quality of evidence,and ET[mean difference(MD)=-2.44,95%CI(-2.87,-2.02),I^(2)=0%]with moderate quality of evidence.No serious adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion:This review suggested that CHM-ET may be an effective treatment for insomnia.However,given the limited quality of the studies and methodologies included in the trials,further rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed for more accurate results.

The intra-neuroendoscopic technique: a new method for rapid removal of acute severe intraventricular hematoma

The mortality rate of acute severe intraventricular hematoma is extremely high, and the rate of disability in survivors is high. Intraventricular hematoma has always been a difficult problem for clinical treatment. Although minimally invasive endoscopic hematoma evacuation is widely used to treat this disease, the technique still has room for improvement. Equipment for the intra-neuroendoscopic technique（INET） consists of two of our patented inventions： a transparent sheath（Patent No. ZL 200820046232.0） and a hematoma aspirator（Patent No. ZL 201520248717.8）. This study explored the safety and efficacy of INET by comparing it with extraventricular drainage in combination with urokinase thrombolytic therapy. This trial recruited 65 patients with severe intraventricular hemorrhage, including 35（19 men and 16 women, aged 53.2 ± 8.7 years） in the INET group and 30（17 men and 13 women, aged 51.5 ± 7.9 years） in the control group（extraventricular drainage plus urokinase thrombolytic therapy）. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the INET group exhibited lower intraventricular hemorrhage volumes, shorter intensive care-unit monitoring and ventricular drainage-tube placement times, and fewer incidences of intracranial infection, secondary bleeding, and mortality. Thus, the prognosis of survivors had improved remarkably. These findings indicate that INET is a safe and efficient new method for treating severe intraventricular hematoma. This trial was registered with Clinical Trials.gov（NCT02515903）.

Protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal treatment of hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury

BACKGROUND:Individuals who survive a cardiac arrest often sustain cognitive impairments due to ischemia-reperfusion injury.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation is used to reduce tissue damage,but exosomes are more stable and highly conserved than MSCs.This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exo)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R),and to explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Primary hippocampal neurons obtained from 18-day Sprague-Dawley rat embryos were subjected to OGD/R treatment,with or without MSC-Exo treatment.Exosomal integration,cell viability,mitochondrial membrane potential,and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were examined.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nickend labeling(TUNEL)staining was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis.Moreover,mitochondrial function-associated gene expression,Nrf2 translocation,and expression of downstream antioxidant proteins were determined.RESULTS:MSC-Exo attenuated OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis and decreased ROS generation(P<0.05).The exosomes reduced OGD/R-induced Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus(2.14±0.65 vs.5.48±1.09,P<0.01)and increased the intracellular expression of antioxidative proteins,including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase(17.18±0.97 vs.14.40±0.62,and 20.65±2.23 vs.16.44±2.05,respectively;P<0.05 for both).OGD/R significantly impaired the mitochondrial membrane potential and modulated the expression of mitochondrial functionassociated genes,such as PINK,DJ1,LRRK2,Mfn-1,Mfn-2,and OPA1.The abovementioned changes were partially reversed by exosomal treatment of the hippocampal neurons.CONCLUSIONS:MSC-Exo treatment can alleviate OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and dysregulation of mitochondrial function-associated genes in hippocampal neurons.Therefore,MSCExo might be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent OGD/R-induced neuronal injury.

First-principles study of structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of W alloying with Zr

The structural, mechanical and electronic properties of W_(1-x)Zr_x(x=0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.5) are systematically investigated by means of first-principles calculation. The total-energy calculations demonstrate that the W–Zr binary substitutional solid solution remaining bcc structure can be formed at an atom level. In addition, the derived bulk modulus(B), shear modulus(G), Young's modulus(E) for each of W–Zr alloys decrease gradually with the increase of Zr concentration, suggesting that W alloying with higher Zr concentration becomes softer than pure W metal. Based on the mechanical characteristic B/G ratio, Poisson's ratio υ and Cauchy pressure C, all W_(1-x)Zr_x alloys are regarded as ductile materials. The ductility for each of those materials is improved with the increase of Zr concentration. The calculated density of states indicates that the ductility of W_(1-x)Zr_x is due to the fact that the bonding in the alloy becomes more metallic through increasing the Zr concentration in tungsten. These results provide incontrovertible evidence for the fact that Zr has a significant influence on the properties of W.

Charged Amino Acid Frequencies of Proteins over Macroevolutionary Time Scale

Charged amino acids (AAs) are targets for selective forces in protein evolution. To fully explore the trend of charged AA frequencies evolution in macroevolutionary process from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, we extend the analysis of five charged AAs separately and total basic and acidic AAs in protein sequences of 158 prokaryotic and 63 eukaryotic predicted proteomes and 456 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). Also, we eliminate the biases that may caused by extreme organisms in both predicted proteomes and COGs analyses. More basic AAs, His,Lysand Glu were found in eukaryotic proteins compared with prokaryotic proteins by predicted proteomes analysis. By COGs analysis, we found that basic AAs andLysfrequencies are higher in eukaryotic orthologous proteins than their prokaryotic companions, while the trend of Arg frequency is the opposite. We discussed the agreements and disagreements of two analyses and gained a more credible trend of charged AAs evolution in macroevolutionary time scale.

Effects of laparoscopic and open surgery on serum tumor markers, coagulation function and immune function in patients with early endometrial cancer

Objective: To investigate the effects of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery on serum tumor markers, coagulation function and immune function in patients with early endometrial cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 82 cases of early endometrial carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=42) according to the treatment plan. Patients in the control group were treated with open surgery, and the observation group received laparoscopic treatment. The levels of serum tumor markers, coagulation function and immune function indexes of the two groups were compared between before operation and 1 d after operation. Results: The levels of serum CA-125, HE4, PT, APTT, FIB, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+in the two groups before treatment were not significantly different. After treatment, the levels of CA-125, HE4, PT, APTT, CD3+, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group, and the levels of CA-125, HE4, PT and APTT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group;After treatment, the levels of FIB in the two groups were significantly higher than that before treatment, and the level of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Compared with open surgery for early endometrial cancer, laparoscopic surgery can effectively reduce the level of serum tumor markers and the inhibition of immune function, however, it has great influence on coagulation function, and effective measures should be taken to prevent the formation of thrombotic diseases.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of odorant-binding protein （OBP） genes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis （Diptera： Culicidae）

Anopheles sinensis is a major malaria vector. Insect odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） may function in the reception of odorants in the olfactory system. The classification and characterization of the An. sinensis OBP genes have not been systematically studied. In this study, 64 putative OBP genes were identified at the whole-genome level of An. sinensis based on the comparison between OBP conserved motifs, PBP_GOBE and phylogenetic analysis with An. gambiae OBPs. The characterization of An. sinensis OBPs, including the motifs conservation, gene structure, genomic organization and classification, were investigated. A new gene, AsOBP73, belonging to the Plus-C subfamily, was identified with the support of transcript and conservative motifs. These An. sinensis OBP genes were classified into three subfamilies with 37, 15 and 12 genes in the subfamily Classic, Atypical and Plus-C, respectively. The genomic organization of An. sinensis OBPs suggests a clustered distribution across nine different scaffolds. Eight genes （0BP23-28, 0BP63- 64） might originate from a single gene through a series of historic duplication events at least before divergence of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes. The microsynteny analyses indicate a very high synteny between An. sinensis and An. gambiae OBPs. OBP70 and OBP71 earlier classified under Plus-C in An. gambiae are recognized as belonging to the group Obp59a of the Classic subfamily, and OBP69 earlier classified under Plus-C has been moved to the Atypical subfamily in this study. The study established a basic information frame for further study of the OBP genes in insects as well as in An. sinensis.

Insight into the possible mechanism of the summer diapause of Delia antiqua （Diptera： Anthomyiidae） through digital gene expression analysis

The onion fly, Delia antiqua, is a major underground agricultural pest that can enter pupal diapause in the summer and winter seasons. However, little is known about its molecular regulation due to the lack of genomic resources. To gain insight into the possible mechanism of summer diapause （SD）, high-throughput RNA-Seq data were generated from non-diapause （ND） and SD （initial, maintenance and quiescence phase） pupae. Three pair-wise comparisons were performed and identified, 1380, 1471 and 435, and were significantly regulated transcripts. Further analysis revealed that the enrichment of several functional terms related to juvenile hormone regulation, cell cycle, carbon hydrate and lipid metabolism, innate immune and stress responses, various signalling transductions, ubiquitin-dependent proteosome, and variation in cuticular and cytoskeleton components were found between ND and SD and between different phases of SD. Global characterization oftranscriptome profiling between SD and ND contributes to the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanism of SD. Our results also offer insights into the evolution of insect diapause and support the importance of using the onion fly as a model to compare the molecular regulation events of summer and winter diapauses.

Comparative analyses of simple sequence repeats(SSRs)in 23 mosquito species genomes:Identification,characterization and distribution(Diptera:Culicidae)

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) exist in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and are the most popular genetic markers, but the SSRs of mosquito genomes are still not well understood. In this study, we identified and analyzed the SSRs in 23 mosquito species using Drosophila melanogaster as reference at the whole-genome level. The results show that SSR numbers (33 076-560 175/genome) and genome sizes (574.57-1342.21 Mb) are significantly positively correlated (R~= 0.8992, P < 0.01), but the correlation in individual species varies in these mosquito species. In six types of SSR, mono- to trinucleotide SSRs are dominant with cumulative percentages of 95.14%-99.00% and densities of 195.65/Mb-787.51/Mb, whereas tetra- to hexanucleotide SSRs are rare with 1.12%-4.22% and 3.76/Mb-40.23/Mb. The (A/T)n,(AC/GT)n and (AGC/GCT)n are the most frequent motifs in mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide SSRs, respectively, and the motif frequencies of tetra- to hexanucleotide SSRs appear to be species-specific. The 10-20 bp length of SSRs are dominant with the number of 11() 561 ± 93 482 and the frequency of 87.25%± 5.73% on average, and the number and frequency decline with the increase oflength. Most SSRs(83.34%± 7.72%) are located in intergenic regions, followed by intron regions (11.59%± 5.59%), exon regions (3.74%± 1.95%), and untranslated regions (1.32%± 1.39%). The mono-, di- and trinucleotide SSRs are the main SSRs in both gene regions (98.55%± 0.85%) and exon regions (99.27%± 0.52%). An average of 42.52% of total genes contains SSRs, and the preference for SSR occurrenee in different gene subcategories are species-specific. The study provides useful insights into the SSR diversity, characteristics and distribution in 23 mosquito species of genomes.

Damping-like effects in Heisenberg spin chain caused by the site-dependent bilinear interaction

We investigate a continuous Heisenberg spin chain equation which models the local magnetization in ferromagnet with time-and site-dependent inhomogeneous bilinear interaction and timedependent spin-transfer torque.By establishing the gauge equivalence between the spin chain equation and an integrable generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation,we present explicitly a novel nonautonomous magnetic soliton solution for the spin chain equation.The results display how the dynamics of the magnetic soliton can be controlled by the bilinear interaction and spin-polarized current.Especially,we find that the site-dependent bilinear interaction may break some conserved quantity,and give rise to damping-like effect in the spin evolution.

生物巯化物的可视化检测（英文）

目的:通过简单可靠的可视化检测方法评估牛血清及各细胞系中生物巯化物的含量。创新点:基于银纳米颗粒形成的比色变化过程对牛血清及细胞中生物巯化物进行了检测。方法:将6组不同的细胞系培养后进行裂解,其裂解产物分别与3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)和硝酸银(AgNO_3)的混合液室温孵育后,用紫外可见分光光度计测量细胞中生物巯化物的含量。结论:通过不同细胞系中生物巯化物含量的比对,证实胚胎成纤维细胞中生物巯化物的含量明显高于其他细胞。

Self-polymerization and co-polymerization kinetics of lead methacrylate

Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance(H1-NMR) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD) were used to characterize the molecular and crystal structure of lead methacrylate [Pb(MAA)_(2)] which was produced by the double decomposition reaction of lead oxide and methacrylic acid.Isothermal analysis and Kelen-T(u|")dos(K-T) method were used to study the self-polymerization kinetic and the monomer reactivity ratios of Pb(M A A)_(2) and methyl methacrylate(MMA),respectively.By the ternary polymerization method of bulk casting using MMA,Pb(MAA)_(2) and gadolinium methacrylate(Gd(MAA)_(3)) as monomers,we prepared the plexiglass which have neutron and X-ray protection property.The results show that the polymerization rate(R_(p)) is expressed as Rp=K[M]^(1.02)[I]^(0.37) below the 10% conversion rate at 70℃,where K is the polymerization rate constant.And in the N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) solution,the activation energy required for Pb(MAA)_(2) to initiate self-polymerization by the free radicals is 74.99 kJ·mol^(-1).The reactivity ratios of r1 [Pb(MAA)_(2)] and r2(MMA) are 3.767 and0.166.As the thickness of the material increases,the X-ray and thermal neutron shielding ability of the plexiglass containing gadolinium and lead is getting better and better.

Structure and mechanical properties of nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite films deposited by filtered cathodic arc technique

nc-Ti C/a-C：H nanocomposite films were prepared by filtered cathodic arc technique. The influence of C_2H_2/Ar flow ratio on the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of films was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and ball-on-disc tribometry. The films show a nanocomposite structure in which Ti C crystallites are embedded in the amorphous matrix of a-C：H phase. C content in films increases with the flow ratio of C_2H_2/Ar, simultaneously, the crystallite size of TiC decreases. Contrary to the nc-Ti C/a-C：H films deposited by magnetron sputtering in which the sp3 C content increases with C_2H_2 flow rate, the increase of C_2H_2 flow rate leads to the increase of sp2 C content in films deposited by filtered cathodic arc technique. The nc-Ti C/a-C：H films deposited by cathodic arc technique have a pronounced hardness maximum of 30 GPa under the C_2H_2/Ar flow ratio of 12. Tribological performance of films is controlled by the sp2 content in films. Higher sp2 content promotes the formation of graphite-like transfer layer during sliding,and results in lower wear rate and friction coefficient.