Nerve autografts and tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries: a 5-year bibliometric analysis

With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to nerve autografts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, in particular multiple injuries and largegap defects, must be chosen carefully. Various methods and materials for protecting the healthy tissue and repairing peripheral nerve injuries have been described, and each method or material has advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a large amount of research has been focused on tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Using the keywords ＂peripheral nerve injury＂, ＂autotransplant＂, ＂nerve graft＂, and ＂biomaterial＂, we retrieved publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries appearing in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2014. The country with the most total publications was the USA. The institutions that were the most productive in this field include Hannover Medical School （Germany）, Washington University （USA）, and Nantong University （China）. The total number of publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries grad- ually increased over time, as did the number of Chinese publications, suggesting that China has made many scientific contributions to this field of research.

Effect of acupoint application combined with microwave treatment on the intestine barrier functional disturbance of moderately severe acute pancreatitis

目的:探讨和分析穴位贴敷联合微波治疗对中度重症急性胰腺炎患者肠屏障功能障碍的改善效果。方法:肝胆胰外科被确诊为中度重症急性胰腺炎且符合纳入标准的患者为研究对象。根据研究对象入院的先后顺序,将其分为A组(穴位贴敷联合微波治疗组)、B组(穴位贴敷组)、C组(常规组),每组患者30例。A组在常规护理基础上穴位贴敷与微波治疗,B组常规护理基础上穴位贴敷,C组为常规组。分别在干预后第3天、第7天、第10天观察患者肠道功能评分、C反应蛋白的变化,干预10天后观察患者总体治疗有效率。结果:干预后三组患者进行比较,患者的肠道功能评分、C反应蛋白的变化,A组患者较B与C两组患者差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),B与C两组患者比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);A组与C组患者治疗有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B与C两组患者治疗有效率比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)量。结论:穴位贴敷联合微波治疗一定程度上可促进患者肠屏障功能障碍的快速恢复,减轻患者痛苦。

Moxibustion treatment for knee osteoarthritis： cumulative meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

目的：采用累积Meta分析方法评价艾灸在膝骨关节炎患者中的应用效果，并运用试验序贯分析检验Meta分析结果的真实性。方法：计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、CNKI和CBM数据库中关于艾灸和药物疗法应用于膝骨关节炎患者的随机对照试验。筛选文献、数据提取、纳入文献的评价均由两名评价者独立进行，核对无误后运用Stata11．0软件进行数据分析。结果：最终纳入11篇文献，包括1005例患者。Meta分析结果显示，在VAS评分上差异无统计学意义[SMD=-1．07，95％CI（-2．18，0．04）]，在有效率[OR=O．40，95％CI（0．27，0．60）]和膝关节评分[SMD_-0．70，95％CI（-1．22，-0．19）]上艾灸疗法优于药物组。试验序贯分析结果表明，在VAS指标上样本量未达到试验序贯分析界值，在有效率方面样本量达到RIS，在膝关节评分上样本量在达到RIs前已获得肯定结果。结论：艾灸疗法在治疗膝骨关节炎上效果优于药物疗法。但仍需要大样本、高质量的随机对照试验进行验证。

Research progress of diabetes treatment guided by Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutional types

Diabetes and its complications seriously affect patients’life quality,and have a major impact on individuals,families,health systems,and national economies.Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution refers to the inherent characteristics of a relatively comprehensive and stable form,structure,physiological function,and psychological state formed under the combined effects of innate endowments and acquired in the course of an individual’s life.Many studies have shown that the constitution type is closely related to the incidence of diabetes,especially in the process of disease prevention and treatment.This article reviews the correlation of diabetes and its chronic complications with constitution types to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetes based on syndrome differentiation.

Effect of moxibustion combined with acupoint application on enteral nutrition tolerance in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

目的:探讨并分析艾灸联合穴位贴敷对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠内营养耐受性、营养状况与舒适度的影响。方法:选取天津市某三级甲等医院住院治疗的96 例患者,将其分为A、B、C 三组,每组各32 例。A 组采用常规的治疗护理方法,B 组实施穴位贴敷疗法,C 组在穴位贴敷的基础上,实施艾灸治疗。干预时间为从患者行肠内营养第1 天开始至第7 天,观察记录干预期间7 天患者肠内营养的耐受性以及干预第3 天、干预第7 天患者的营养学指标血清白蛋白与前蛋白的水平以及干预第7 天患者的舒适度水平。结果:(1)三组患者肠内营养不耐受发生率的比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),两两比较,C 组肠内营养不耐受的发生率低于B 组(P < 0.05)与A 组(P < 0.05),B 组与C 组相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。(2)三组患者营养学指标水平,干预第3 天,血清白蛋白及血清前蛋白差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),两两比较,干预第3 天时,血清白蛋白水平A 组与B 组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),A 组与C 组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),B 组与C 组比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),干预第7 天,A 组与B 组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),A 组与C 组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),B 组与C 组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。三组患者的前蛋白水平,干预第3 天和第7 天差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),进一步进行两两比较,干预第3 天,A 组与B 组,A 组与C 组,B 组与C 组相比差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。干预第7 天,A 组与B 组、A 组与C 组、B 组与C 组相比差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。(3)三组患者的舒适度水平,干预第7 天,比较有统计学意义(P < 0.05),进一步进行两两比较, C 组舒适度得分高于B 组、A 组(P <0.05),且B 组得分高于A 组(P < 0.05)。结论:艾灸联合穴位贴敷组一定程度上可有效提高患者肠内营养的耐受性水平,改善患者的营养学状况,增加患者的舒适度。

The clinical effect observation of gastrointestinal function after colorectal cancer surgery with integrated of Chinese and western medicine nursing methods

目的:观察温灸疗法、穴位贴敷疗法对结直肠癌术后患者胃肠功能恢复的临床疗效。方法:选取天津市南开医院胃肠外科住院治疗的结直肠癌患者80例,其中对照组回顾性选取患者20例,观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ和观察组Ⅲ选取新入院患者,采用随机数字表法进行分组,每组20例。对照组采用常规治疗和护理方法,观察组Ⅰ加用温灸疗法,观察组Ⅱ加用穴位贴敷疗法,观察组Ⅲ加用温灸和穴位贴敷两种疗法,分析比较干预效果。结果:各组患者一般资料比较结果显示无统计学差异(P>0.05),组间具有可比性;重复测量方差分析结果显示干预时间和分组对中医症候的影响有交互作用,四组患者的中医症候积分在不同干预时间的变化是不一致的(P<0.01);各观察组的中医症候疗效优于对照组(P<0.01);各观察组患者术后首次排气、排便和进食时间均早于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:温灸疗法和穴位贴敷疗法对于促进结直肠癌术后患者胃肠功能恢复具有一定的临床疗效,值得临床上应用和广泛推广。

Study on the timing of intervention of gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine

目的:探讨中药贴敷对于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能恢复的最佳给药时机。方法:选择90例拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为3组,分别为空白对照组、干预1组和干预2组,3组患者均给予围手术期常规护理,干预1组和2组分别在术后0.5h、术后6h给予中药穴位贴敷,并采用胃电图仪对术前1天、术后3天进行波形监测,分析比较3组患者术后首次肛门排气时间、排便时间、腹胀程度和胃电图变化。结果:患者术后首次排气时间、排便时间组间比较,干预1组早于干预2组,干预2组早于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后波形平均频率、波形反应面积、平均幅值等改善情况,干预1组优于干预2组,干预2组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:术后0.5h内给予中药贴敷能促进腹部手术患者胃肠功能恢复,改善胃动力情况,疗效显著安全。

The Application Progress of Auricular Therapy in Diabetes

Diabetes,as a chronic incurable disease,not only causes acute complications such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status,ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia,but also affects arteries and nervous system,causing the eyes,kidneys,feet,blood vessels,nerves and other organs or tissues damage,and leading to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases.The World Health Organization believes that diabetes may be the most important non-communicable global disease caused by unhealthy modern lifestyles and regards it as a major global health problem.At present,there is still a lack of specific drugs for the treatment of diabetes,and related treatment drugs are often accompanied by adverse reactions.Auricular therapy as a non-drug,non-invasive treatment method show unique advantages in the treatment of diabetes.This article reviews the mechanism of auricular therapy and its application status in diabetes,in order to broaden the mind for the auricular therapy to treat diabetes.

Research Progress of Moxibustion in Improving Postoperative Discomfort of Breast Cancer Patients

Moxibustion is one of the characteristics of Traditional Chinese medicine therapy.It has the effects of activating blood circulation and removing stasis,warming the meridians and strengthening and exorcising evil spirits.It shows unique advantages in improving postoperative symptoms of breast cancer patients.In this paper,the overview of moxibustion method,moxibustion method in improving postoperative upper limb dysfunction,cancer-related fatigue,nausea and vomiting,anxiety and depression of breast cancer patients were reviewed,and the existing deficiencies were summarized and analyzed,in order to provide reference for the clinical application of moxibustion method in improving postoperative discomfort symptoms of breast cancer patients and related research.

Fluorinated metal-organic framework for methane purification from a ternary CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8)mixture

Herein we present a fluorinated metal-organic framework of{(Me_(2)NH_(2))[Ni_(3)(μ_(3)-OH)(CF_(3)-BPDC-CF_(3))_(3)(tpt)]}_(n)(1)constructed from 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic(CF_(3)-BPDC-CF_(3)^(2-))and 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(tpt)ligands,which is developed for separating propane(C_(3)H_(8))and ethane(C_(2)H_(6))from natural gas.Compound 1 preferentially adsorbs C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6)over CH_(4)demonstrated by gas adsorption experiments.The presence of trifluoromethyl groups on the biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic ligands facilitates the highly polarized micropore environments for compound 1,thus providing suitable micorpores for capturing the C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6)molecules with larger polarizabilities and sizes compared to CH_(4)molecule.The dynamic mixture breakthrough experiments showed that compound 1 can separate C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6)from the ternary CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8)mixtures efficiently,endowing compound 1 with excellent methane purification ability.

Scarring Airway Stenosis in Chinese Adults： Characteristics and Interventional Bronchoscopy Treatment

Background：Scarring airway stenosis is commonly seen in China as compared to other developed countries,due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis.Nowadays,interventional bronchoscopy treatment has been widely used to treat this disease in China.This study demonstrated the characteristics of scarring airway stenosis in Chinese adults and retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of interventional bronchoscopy treatment of this disease.Methods：Patients with scarring airway stenosis from 18 tertiary hospitals were enrolled between January 2013 and June 2016.The causes,site,and length of scarring airway stenosis were analyzed,and the efficacy of the interventional bronchoscopy treatment was evaluated.Results：The final study cohort consisted of 392 patients.Endotracheobronchial tuberculosis （EBTB） was the most common cause of scarring airway stenosis （305/392,77.8%） in Chinese adults with a high rate of incidence in young women.The left main bronchus was most susceptible to EBTB,and most posttuberculosis airway scarring stenosis length was 1.1-2.0 cm.The average clinical success rate of interventional bronchoscopy treatment for scarring airway stenosis in Chinese patients is 60.5%.The stent was inserted in 8.7% scarring airway stenosis in China.Conclusions：Scarring airway stenosis exhibits specific characteristics in Chinese patients.Interventional bronchoscopy is a useful and safe treatment method for the disease.

Rapid Growth of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals:From Methods to Optimization Control

Metal halide perovskites are emerging as new generation optoelectronic materials due to their high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length and large light absorption coefficient, which have broad applications in solar cell, light-emitting diode, laser, photodetector and transistors. Perovskite single crystal is an ideal platform for discerning the intrinsic properties of these materials. In some cases, perovskite single crystals are better candidates to gain high performance optoelectronics. However, the growth of perovskite single crystals is time and cost consuming, which has an obvious disadvantage for device exploration. Therefore, fast growth technique is highly desirable in not only promoting the use of perovskites in commercial applications but also facilitating deep physical investigation of the materials. In this review, we summarize thoroughly the development of fast growth of the halide perovskites single crystal. Specifically, we highlight the progress of rapid growth techniques with emphasis on the optimization control.

Comparison of clinical features and stent placement outcomes between airway stenosis caused by primary pulmonary malignancies and that caused by primary non-pulmonary malignancies

Background: Primary pulmonary malignancies (PPMs) and non-pulmonary malignancies (PNPMs) may result in airway stenosis requiring stenting. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the clinical features and stent placement outcomes of airway stenosis caused by PPMs and PNPMs. Methods: A total of 141 patients with malignant airway stenosis who underwent Micro-Tech stent placements between January 2004 and October 2017 at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University were divided into PPM (n= 100) and PNPM groups (n = 41). Patients’ clinical features and stent placement outcomes were collected and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables, while independent- or paired-sample t test was used to compare the continuous variables. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, treatment history, respiratory symptoms, and incidence of obstructive pneumonia between groups. Multiple airway involvement (63.0% vs. 31.7%;χ^2=11.459, P= 0.001) and atelectasis (17.0% vs. 2.4%;χ^25.536, P= 0.019) were more common in the PPM group, while extraluminal obstruction (24.4% vs. 6.0%;χ^28.033, P= 0.005) was more common in the PNPM group. Before stenting, the American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Index (ADI) and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores showed no significant differences between groups (all P > 0.05). After stenting, a satisfactory rate of symptom improvement was achieved in both groups (98.0% and 100.0% in the PPM and PNPM groups, respectively;χ^2 0.016, P= 0.898);ADI and KPS scores, which showed no significant differences between groups (all P > 0.05), were significantly improved in each group (all P < 0.001). Complications after stenting could be effectively managed using bronchoscopic procedures. Conclusions: Among cases of malignant airway stenosis requiring stenting, those caused by PPM are more likely to involve multiple airways and are associated with atelectasis, while those caused by PNPM are more likely to cause extraluminal obstruction. Micro- Tech stent placement has the same immediate effect in terms of improvement in respiratory symptoms and performance status for both malignant airway stenosis caused by PPM and that caused by PNPM.

Interventional Bronchoscopic Therapy in Adult Patients with Tracheobronchial Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Background： Tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma （MEC） is a rare airway tumor in adults for which surgery is considered a first-line treatment. However, some patients already lost the best opportunity of a surgical intervention when diagnoses are confirmed, and surgery causes considerable trauma resulting in partial loss of pulmonary function. Moreover, the tumor is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These factors make the treatment of tracheobronchial MEC challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and et^cacy ofinterventional bronchoscopic therapy in adult patients with tracheobronchial MEC. Methods： We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, bronchoscopic interventions, complications, and outcomes of 11 adult patients with tracheobronchial MEC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the parameters of the American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Index and the Karnofsky Score before and after the first interventional bronchoscopic therapy. Results： All tumors occurred in the main bronchus and were easily visualized by bronchoscopy. After interventional bronchoscopic therapy, the symptoms of all patients showed significant improvement. The American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Index decreased from 1.91 ± 1.22 to 0.27 ± 0.47 （t = 6.708, P 〈 0.001） and the Kamofsky Score increased from 78.18 ±16.62 to 95.46 ± 8.20 （t =-5.190, P 〈 0.001 ）. Bronchoscopic intervention did not result in serious complications or mortality. During the follow-up period between 3 and 96 months after the first therapy, the following results were noted： （ 1 ） among the eight patients with low-grade tracheobronchial MEC, only one patient had a relapse and agreed to surgical treatment; （2） among the three patients with high-grade tracheobronchial MEC, one patient required repeated bronchoscopic interventions, one patient died of pulmonary infection, and one patient died of systemic failure owing to tumor metastasis. Conclusions： Interventional bronchoscopic therapy, as an alternative treatment, shows promise in some adult patients with low-grade tracheobronchial MEC confined to the bronchus. However, for adult patients with high-grade tracheobronchial MEC, early diagnosis and surgical treatment are still strongly recommended.

Paclitaxel Drug-eluting Tracheal Stent Could Reduce Granulation Tissue Formation in a Canine Model

Background：Currently available silicone and metallic stents for tracheal stenosis are associated with many problems.Granulation proliferation is one of the main complications.The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of paclitaxel drug-eluting tracheal stent in reducing granulation tissue formation in a canine model,as well as the pharmacokinetic features and safety profiles of the coated drug.Methods：Eight beagles were randomly divided into a control group （bare-metal stent group,n =4） and an experimental group （paclitaxel-eluting stent group,n =4）.The observation period was 5 months.One beagle in both groups was sacrificed at the end of the 1st and 3rd months,respectively.The last two beagles in both groups were sacrificed at the end of 5th month.The proliferation of granulation tissue and changes in tracheal mucosa were compared between the two groups.Blood routine and liver and kidney function were monitored to evaluate the safety of the paclitaxel-eluting stent.The elution method and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to characterize the rate of in vivo release of paclitaxel from the stent.Results：Compared with the control group,the proliferation of granulation tissue in the experimental group was significantly reduced.The drug release of paclitaxel-eluting stent was the fastest in the 1st month after implantation （up to 70.9%）.Then,the release slowed down gradually.By the 54 month,the release reached up to 98.5%.During the observation period,a high concentration of the drug in the trachea （in the stented and adjacent unstented areas） and lung tissue was not noted,and the blood test showed no side effect.Conclusions：The paclitaxel-eluting stent could safely reduce the granulation tissue formation after stent implantation in vivo,suggesting that the paclitaxel-eluting tracheal stent might be considered for potential use in humans in the future.

NaV3O8/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composites as high-rate and long-lifespan cathode materials for reversible sodium storage

Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost.The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial to future Na storage technologies.Herein,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was successfully introduced to NaV3O8 via in situ oxidation polymerization,which can effectively enhance electron conductivity and ionic diffusion of NaV3O8 material.As a result,these NaV3O8@-PEDOT composites exhibit a significantly improved electrochemical performance including cycle stability and rate performance.In particular,NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite demonstrates better dispersibility and lower charge transfer resistance compared with bare NaV3O8,which delivers the first discharge capacity of 142 mAh-g-1and holds about 128.7 mAh·g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 120 mA·g-1.Even at a high current density of 300 mA·g-1,a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh·g-1 is revealed.All these consequences suggest that NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite may be a promising candidate to serve as a high-rate and long-lifespan cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Single-cell immune profiling reveals distinct immune response in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients

While some individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)present mild-to-severe disease,many SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are asymptomatic.We sought to identify the distinction of immune response between asymptomatic and moderate patients.We performed single-cell transcriptome and T-cell/B-cell receptor(TCR/BCR)sequencing in 37 longitudinal collected peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from asymptomatic,moderate,and severe patients with healthy controls.Asymptomatic patients displayed increased CD56^(bri)CD16^(-) natural killer(NK)cells and upregulation of interferon-gamma in effector CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T cells and NK cells.They showed more robust TCR clonal expansion,especially in effector CD4^(+) T cells,but lack strong BCR clonal expansion compared to moderate patients.Moreover,asymptomatic patients have lower interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)expression in general but large interpatient variability,whereas moderate patients showed various magnitude and temporal dynamics of the ISGs expression across multiple cell populations but lower than a patient with severe disease.Our data provide evidenee of different immune signatures to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic infections.

Fluorous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Unique Cage-in-Cage Structures Featuring Fluorophilic Pore Surfaces for Efficient C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)Separation

The similarities in molecular size and physical properties of acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))produce a formidable challenge for their separation.Herein,we report two isoreticular fluorinated metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),labeled as JXNU-11(Fe2M)(M=Ni and Co),featuring unique octahedral cages encapsulated by cuboctahedral cages.JXNU-11(Fe_(2)Ni)shows a record high C_(2)H_(2)-capture amount of 4.8mmol g−1 and a long C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)breakthrough interval time of 55 min g^(−1)in an actual breakthrough experiment based on the equimolar C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)mixture under ambient conditions,indicating a high-performance material for C_(2)H_(2)capture andC_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)separation.

Detection of serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies in 2019 novel coronavirus infected patients from different stages

To the Editor:The epidemic caused by 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has drawn public attention.[1]Huge infected population and enormous economic loss make it the urgent public health event to deal with.Confirmatory test targeting virus RNA was established at the early stage of outbreak and then used for 2019-nCoV infection diagnosis.[2]However,high risk of laboratory infection,high-qualified personnel,and strict operation condition hampered its application into primary hospitals and community clinics.[3]In this study,the serum immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgG antibodies were detected in 2019-nCoV confirmed cases of different stages.Furthermore,three different immunological assays,chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA),gold immunochromatographic assay(GICA),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used for IgM and IgG detection.