Prognostic role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM:To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils in the t umor mic roenvironment wi t h t he prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:Two hundred and fifty-four formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks were analyzed, including tissues from cholangiocarcinoma(n = 254), and tumor adjacent tissues(n = 238).Tissue sections were stained for CD15 using immunohistochemical staining.CD15 expression was detected to identify the distribution of neutrophils in the local tumor microenvironment.The neutrophil density of the tumor tissues and the adjacent tumor tissues was detected to reflect their inflammatory status.Clinical data and follow-up information of cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils with prognosis of the patients were analyzed.RESULTS:The positive expression level of CD15 was only significantly related to the TNM stage.CD15 expression was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues(73.6% vs 54.6%), with significant differences.Patients with high expression of CD15 had significantly shorter overall survival(OS) than those with low expression of CD15(median overall survival time 39.77 mo vs 16.87 mo, P = 0.008).Patients with high CD15 expression had significantly shorter disease free survival time(DFS) than those with low expression of CD15(median DFS 38.27 mo vs 16.83 mo, P = 0.029).COX multivariate analysis indicated that high CD15 expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor for predicting OS for patients with cholangiocarcinoma [P = 0.012, relative risk(RR) = 1.601], but it was not an independent risk factor for predicting DFS(P = 0.073, RR = 1.462).CONCLUSION:Patients with high CD15 expression in cancer tissues had shorter DFS and OS.High expression of CD15 is an independent risk factor for OS.

Separation and recovery of Ni from copper electrolyte by crystallization of nickel ammonium sulfate double salt

The separation and recovery of Ni from the copper electrolyte by crystallization of nickel ammonium sulfate double salt were studied.It is found that the solubility of copper sulfate at the same temperature is less than that of nickel sulfate,while the solubility of copper ammonium sulfate is greater than that of nickel ammonium sulfate.So,by adding(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),the Ni can be selectively crystallized from the copper electrolyte.By adding(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)at the molar ratio of(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)/NiSO_(4)≤0.8,and crystallizing at−15℃for 10 h,the Ni in the copper electrolyte can be crystallized in the form of Ni(NH_(4))_(2)(SO_(4))_(2)×6H_(2)O.The qualified product of NiSO_(4)×6H_(2)O can be obtained by pyrolyzing the crystals,dissolving the pyrolysis product in water,and then concentrating the dissolved solution for crystallization.The method of double salt crystallization is a clean,environmentally-friendly,cost-effective and efficient method for separating and recovering nickel from copper electrolyte.

Cyclic metallurgical process for extracting Ⅴ and Cr from vanadium slag: Part Ⅰ. Separation and recovery of Ⅴ from chromium-containing vanadate solution

The separation and recovery of V from chromium-containing vanadate solution were investigated by a cyclic metallurgical process including selective precipitation of vanadium,vanadium leaching and preparation of vanadium pentoxide.By adding Ca(OH)_(2) and ball milling,not only the V in the solution can be selectively precipitated,but also the leaching kinetics of the precipitate is significantly improved.The precipitation efficiency of V is 99.59%by adding Ca(OH)_(2) according to Ca/V molar ratio of 1.75:1 into chromium-containing vanadate solution and ball milling for 60 min at room temperature,while the content of Cr in the precipitate is 0.04%.The leaching rate of V reaches 99.35%by adding NaHCO_(3) into water according to NaHCO_(3)/V molar ratio of 2.74:1 to leach V from the precipitate with L/S ratio of 4:1 mL/g and stirring for 60 min at room temperature.The crystals of NH_(4)VO_(3) are obtained by adjusting the leaching solution pH to be 8.0 with CO2 and then adding NH_(4)HCO_(3) according to NH_(4)HCO_(3)/NaVO_(3) molar ratio of 1:1 and stirring for 8 h at room temperature.After filtration,the crystallized solution containing ammonia is reused to leach the precipitate of calcium vanadates,and the leaching efficiency of V is>99%after stirring for 1 h at room temperature.Finally,the product of V_(2)O_(5) with purity of 99.6%is obtained by calcining the crystals at 560℃ for 2 h.