Background：Dry eye patients suffer from all kinds of symptoms.Sometimes,the clinical signs evaluation does not disclose any obvious difference in routine examination;in vivo confocal microscopy （IVCM） is a powerful...Background：Dry eye patients suffer from all kinds of symptoms.Sometimes,the clinical signs evaluation does not disclose any obvious difference in routine examination;in vivo confocal microscopy （IVCM） is a powerful tool for ocular surface disease.This study aimed to clarify meibomian gland （MG） alterations in dry eye patients with different symptoms and to compare the findings using IVCM.Methods：A total of sixty patients were recruited,all subjected to Ocular Surface Disease Index （OSDI） and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire （SEEQ）,and questionnaires for the assessment of dry eye symptoms before clinical sign examinations were given to the patients.Finally,IVCM was applied to observe MG＇s structure.Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test,Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation analysis.The differences were statistically significant when P 〈 0.05.Results：In the severe symptom group,OSDI and SEEQ scores were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） compared with the mild symptoms group.All other clinical sign examinations had no statistical difference in the two groups （P 〉 0.05）.However,all the IVCM-observed data showed that patients with severe symptoms had more significant fibrosis in MG （acinar unit area 691.87 ± 182.01 μm^2 for the severe,992.17 ± 170.84 μm^2 for the mild;P 〈 0.05） and severer decrease in the size of MG acinar units than those observed in patients with mild symptoms （MG acinar unit density [MGAUD] 70.08 ± 18.78 glands/mm2,MG acinar unit longest diameter [MGALD] 51.50 ± 15.51 μm,MG acinar unit shortest diameter [MGASD] 20.30 ± 11.85 μm for the severe,MGAUD 89.53 ± 39.88 glands/mm2,MGALD 81.57 ± 21.14 μm,MGASD 42.37 ± 14.55 μm for the mild;P 〈 0.05）.Dry eye symptoms were negatively correlated with MG confocal microscopic parameters and positively correlated with conjunctival inflammatory cells and Langerhans cells （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：IVCM application provides a strong support to differentiate dry eye patients with different symptoms：meibomian gland dysfunction （MGD） plays a pivotal role in dry eye aggravation,and using IVCM to observe MG fibrosis,changes in size and density of MG as well as status of inflammation cells can help not only correctly diagnose the type and severity of dry eye,but also possibly prognosticate in routine eye examination in the occurrence of MGD.展开更多
The infuences of cold-rolling deformation and annealing on the damping capacity of Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy were investigated.It was observed that the cold-rolled Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy with a reduction of 10%showed the relativel...The infuences of cold-rolling deformation and annealing on the damping capacity of Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy were investigated.It was observed that the cold-rolled Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy with a reduction of 10%showed the relatively excellent damping capacity because of the relatively moreε-martensite and lower dislocation density,and the reduction of slopes of diferent damping curves increased along with increasing the cold-rolling reduction.Besides,the subsequent annealing process can further enhance the damping capacity.After 70%cold-rolling deformation,the austenite grain would grow up with the increase in the annealing temperature,which resulted in a signifcant change in the content and morphology ofε-martensite infuencing the damping capacity of the experimental steel.The damping capacity was optimum when annealed at 800°C for 30 min,displaying that the size ofε-martensite has a vital infuence on the damping capacity of the experimental alloy.This study may enrich the fundamental knowledge about how to ameliorate the damping capacity of Fe-Mn-Cr damping steels.展开更多
文摘Background：Dry eye patients suffer from all kinds of symptoms.Sometimes,the clinical signs evaluation does not disclose any obvious difference in routine examination;in vivo confocal microscopy （IVCM） is a powerful tool for ocular surface disease.This study aimed to clarify meibomian gland （MG） alterations in dry eye patients with different symptoms and to compare the findings using IVCM.Methods：A total of sixty patients were recruited,all subjected to Ocular Surface Disease Index （OSDI） and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire （SEEQ）,and questionnaires for the assessment of dry eye symptoms before clinical sign examinations were given to the patients.Finally,IVCM was applied to observe MG＇s structure.Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test,Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation analysis.The differences were statistically significant when P 〈 0.05.Results：In the severe symptom group,OSDI and SEEQ scores were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） compared with the mild symptoms group.All other clinical sign examinations had no statistical difference in the two groups （P 〉 0.05）.However,all the IVCM-observed data showed that patients with severe symptoms had more significant fibrosis in MG （acinar unit area 691.87 ± 182.01 μm^2 for the severe,992.17 ± 170.84 μm^2 for the mild;P 〈 0.05） and severer decrease in the size of MG acinar units than those observed in patients with mild symptoms （MG acinar unit density [MGAUD] 70.08 ± 18.78 glands/mm2,MG acinar unit longest diameter [MGALD] 51.50 ± 15.51 μm,MG acinar unit shortest diameter [MGASD] 20.30 ± 11.85 μm for the severe,MGAUD 89.53 ± 39.88 glands/mm2,MGALD 81.57 ± 21.14 μm,MGASD 42.37 ± 14.55 μm for the mild;P 〈 0.05）.Dry eye symptoms were negatively correlated with MG confocal microscopic parameters and positively correlated with conjunctival inflammatory cells and Langerhans cells （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：IVCM application provides a strong support to differentiate dry eye patients with different symptoms：meibomian gland dysfunction （MGD） plays a pivotal role in dry eye aggravation,and using IVCM to observe MG fibrosis,changes in size and density of MG as well as status of inflammation cells can help not only correctly diagnose the type and severity of dry eye,but also possibly prognosticate in routine eye examination in the occurrence of MGD.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0300303)。
文摘The infuences of cold-rolling deformation and annealing on the damping capacity of Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy were investigated.It was observed that the cold-rolled Fe-19Mn-8Cr alloy with a reduction of 10%showed the relatively excellent damping capacity because of the relatively moreε-martensite and lower dislocation density,and the reduction of slopes of diferent damping curves increased along with increasing the cold-rolling reduction.Besides,the subsequent annealing process can further enhance the damping capacity.After 70%cold-rolling deformation,the austenite grain would grow up with the increase in the annealing temperature,which resulted in a signifcant change in the content and morphology ofε-martensite infuencing the damping capacity of the experimental steel.The damping capacity was optimum when annealed at 800°C for 30 min,displaying that the size ofε-martensite has a vital infuence on the damping capacity of the experimental alloy.This study may enrich the fundamental knowledge about how to ameliorate the damping capacity of Fe-Mn-Cr damping steels.
