复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶的兔眼内药效学研究

目的 考察复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶的药效作用。方法 在钴蓝光下观察经荧光素纳染色后的复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶在新西兰兔眼表的滞留时间;采用眼刺激评分量表进行评分,考察复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶单次给药后1、24、48和72 h的眼表刺激性及多次给药后第7和14天对眼表造成的累积或持续损害;用0.25%氢氧化钠溶液复制角膜损伤模型,将12只新西兰兔随机分为模型组、滴眼液组和即型凝胶组,模型复制后每组兔右眼分别滴入相应的药物,左眼作为正常空白对照。分别在模型复制后第1、3、5、7天观察兔的眼角膜损伤恢复情况,第7天将兔处死,取角膜组织进行HE染色,观察组织形态学变化,评估药物对角膜损伤恢复的疗效。结果 复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶眼表滞留时间(306.0±33.3)s比滴眼液的眼表滞留时间(9.67±2.52)s长(P<0.05);即型凝胶对兔眼表无刺激性;模型复制成功后,即型凝胶组与模型组比较,损伤恢复状况在第5和第7天差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型复制后第7天,与正常空白对照比较,即型凝胶组和滴眼液组的眼表损伤已逐渐恢复。结论 复方核黄素眼用即型凝胶能延长药物的眼表保留时间,不具有眼部刺激性,可促进角膜损伤恢复。

Mechanical and corrosion properties of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-xHA composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

To improve the bioactivity of Ti?Nb?Zr alloy,Ti?35Nb?7Zr?xHA(hydroxyapatite,x=5,10,15and20,mass fraction,%)composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering.The effects of the HA content on microstructure,mechanical and corrosionproperties of the composites were investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),mechanicaltests and electrochemical tests.Results show that all sintered composites are mainly composed ofβ-Ti matrix,α-Ti andmetal?ceramic phases(CaO,CaTiO3,CaZrO3,TixPy,etc).Besides,some residual hydroxyapatites emerge in the composites(15%and20%HA).The compressive strengths of the composites are over1400MPa and the elastic moduli of composites((5%?15%)HA)present appropriate values(46?52GPa)close to that of human bones.The composite with15%HA exhibits low corrosion currentdensity and passive current density in Hank's solution by electrochemical test,indicating good corrosion properties.Therefore,Ti?35Nb?7Zr?15HA composite might be an alternative material for orthopedic implant applications.

Oxcarbazepine oral suspension in pediatric patients with partial seizures and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures: a multi-center, single arm, observational study in China

Background:To assess efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) oral suspension in pediatric patients aged 2-16 years with partial seizures (PS) and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in real-world clinical practice in China.Methods:This 26-week,single arm,multicenter and observational study recruited patients aged 2-16 years with PS or GTCS suitable for OXC oral suspension treatment.Enrolled patients received OXC oral suspension treatment for 26 weeks.Primary endpoints included mean seizure frequency at the end of the treatment and mean seizure frequency reduction at the end of the treatment vs.baseline.Secondary efficacy-related endpoints and safety parameters were also assessed.Results:Nine hundred and eighty-seven pediatric patients were enrolled and 912 (92.4%) completed the study.The mean seizure frequencies at baseline and the end of week 26 were 13.40±64.92 and 1.62±19.47 times/month,respectively.The mean seizure frequency reduction was 10.03±63.67 times/month and the mean seizure frequency reduction percentage was 90.02%±5127.0% (P<0.0001).After 26 weeks of treatment,82.36%,7.24% and 3.86% of the patients became controlled,significantly improved and improved,respectively.Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 74 (7.65%) patients.Rash was the most common AE.The efficacy of OXC was not affected by seizure types,age or gender.Conclusion:This study confirms the efficacy and good safety profile of OXC oral suspension in Chinese pediatric patients aged 2-16 years with PS and/or GTCS.

Oxcarbazepine oral suspension in young pediatric patients with partial seizures and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures in routine clinical practice in China: a prospective observational study

Background This study aimed to assess efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) oral suspension in pediatric patients aged 2-5 years with partial seizures (PS) and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in real-world clinical practice in China. Methods This 26-week, prospective, single-arm, multicenter, observational study recruited pediatric patients aged 2-5 years with PS or GTCS suitable for OXC oral suspension treatment based on physicians' judgments from 11 medical centers in China. Enrolled subjects started OXC oral suspension treatment as monotherapy or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs. Primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of pediatric subjects achieving ≥ 50% seizure frequency reduction at the end of the 26-week treatment. Secondary efficacy-related parameters and safety parameters such as adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were also monitored during the 26-week treatment period. Results Six hundred and six pediatric patients were enrolled and 531 (87.6%) completed the study. After 26 weeks of treat-ment, 93.3% subjects achieved ≥ 50% seizure frequency reduction, and 81.8% achieved 100% seizure frequency reduction compared to baseline. Among diff erent seizure types, OXC was eff ective in all subjects with simple PS and in > 90% of subject with other type of seizure present in the study. AEs were observed in 49 (8.1%) subjects. Only three subjects expe-rienced SAE. Rash (n = 18, 2.97%) was the most common AE. Only 17 subjects discontinued due to AEs. Conclusion This study, reporting the real-world data, further confi rms the efficacy and good safety profi le of OXC oral suspension in Chinese pediatric patients aged 2-5 years with PS and/or GTCS.

Unveiling the twinning and dynamic recrystallization behavior and the resultant texture evolution in the extruded Mg-Bi binary alloys during hot compression

The twinning behavior, dynamic recrystallization(DRX) mechanism and the resultant texture evolution of the extruded Mg-xBi(x=0.5 wt.%, 2.0 wt.%) alloys were systematically investigated during hot compression at the strain rate of 10 s^(-1) and temperature of 200℃. The results indicate that the types and intensities of the texture are greatly dependent on the twining behavior and DRX mechanism. At the initial stage, the evolution of texture is mainly domination by the formation and variation of {1012} extension twins, which is benefcial to the compression direction(CD)-tilted basal texture. With an increase in the strain, the texture evolution is more greatly regulated by the DRX mechanism. Besides, the pyramidal<c + a> slip and basal slip are activated during the compression process, resulting in the Schmid factors(SF) of pyramidal slip remain at ~0.4 and the average SFs for basal slip increase from 0.2 to0.34 as the strain increase. These fndings provide a new insight into controlling the texture of wrought Mg-Bi-based alloys during hot deformation processing.

Characterizations on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Bioactivity of Biomedical Ti–Nb–Zr–CPP Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

To alleviate the bio-inert of Ti alloys as hard tissue implants, Ti–35Nb–7Zr–xCPP（calcium pyrophosphate,x = 5, 10, 15, 20 wt%） composites were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA） and following spark plasma sintering（SPS）. Mechanical behaviours and in vitro bioactivity of these composites were investigated systematically. Results showed that the composites consisted of β-Ti matrix, α-Ti, and metal–ceramic phases such as CaO, CaTiO3, CaZrO3, and TixPy. With increasing CPP content, the composites had higher strength（over 1500 MPa） and higher elastic modulus, but suffered almost zero plastic deformation together with lower relative density. When the CPP contents were 5 and 10 wt%,the compressive elastic moduli were 44 and 48 GPa, respectively, which were close to those of natural bones. However, the compressive elastic modulus of the composites increased significantly when CPP contents exceed 10 wt%, thus deteriorating the mechanical compatibility of the composites owing to more α-Ti and metal–ceramic phases. Besides, the surface of Ti–35Nb–7Zr–10CPP composite was deposited as a homogeneous apatite layer during soaking in simulated body fluid（SBF）. It indicates a good bioactivity between the implant materials and living bones.

Synthesis of 5-functionalized-1,2,3-triazoles via a one-pot aerobic oxidative coupling reaction of alkynes and azides

In this paper, an efficient synthesis of 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles through a one-pot aerobic oxidative coupling reaction of various alkynes and azides has been developed. Further derivatization of 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles readily yielded 5-carbonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, 5-carboxylic-1,2,3-triazole, 5-hydroxyalkyl-1,2,3-triazoles and 5-quinoxaline-1,2,3-triazole, which provided an entry into structurally diverse 5-functionalized-1,2,3-triazoles.

A Novel Two-Nucleotide Deletion of MMADHC Gene Causing cblD Disease in a Chinese Family

To the Editor： Vitamin B 12 （cobalamin, Cbl） is essential for normal growth and development in humans. It can be converted into two important active coenzymes, namely adenosyl cobalamin （AdoCbl） and methyJ cobalamin （MeCbl）, which play crucial roles in mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively.