Network pharmacology studies on the effect of Chai-Ling decoction incoronavirus disease 2019

Background:Chai-Ling decoction(CLD),derived from a modification of Xiao-Chai-Hu(XCH)decoction and Wu-Ling-San(WLS)decoction,has been used to treat the early-stage of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the mechanisms of CLD in COVID-19 remain unknown.In this study,the potential mechanisms of CLD in COVID-19 were preliminarily investigated based on network pharmacology and molecular docking method.Methods:Initially,the active components and targets of CLD were screened based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and PharmMapper database.The targets of COVID-19 were obtained from GeneCards database.The protein-protein interaction network was established using STRING database to analyze the key targets.Gene Oncology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were also conducted to evaluate the pathways related to the targets of CLD on COVID-19.Moreover,the compound-target-pathway network was established using Cytoscape 3.2.7.Subsequently,the molecular docking method was performed to select the active compounds with high binding affinity on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),which is the key target of SARS-CoV-2 in entering target cells.The possible binding sites were also visualized by a three-dimensional graph.Results:Network pharmacology analysis showed that there were 106 active components and 160 targets of CLD.Additionally,251 targets related to COVID-19 were identified,and 24 candidates of CLD on COVID-19 were selected.A total of 283 GO terms of CLD on COVID-19 were identified,and 181 pathways were screened based on GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses.CLD might alleviate the inflammatory response and improve lung injury to treat COVID-19 through interleukin 17 signaling,T helper cell 17 differentiation,tumor necrosis factor signaling,and hypoxia inducible factor-1 signaling.Besides,molecular docking indicated that beta-sitosterol,kaempferol,and stigmasterol were the top three candidates in CLD with the highest affinity to SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2.Conclusion:Our study identifies the potential mechanisms of CLD on COVID-19 and beta-sitosterol,kaempferol,and stigmasterol may be the key compounds that exert antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.

Large-scale functional connectivity predicts cognitive impairment related to type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Large-scale functional connectivity(LSFC)patterns in the brain have unique intrinsic characteristics.Abnormal LSFC patterns have been found in patients with dementia,as well as in those with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and these patterns predicted their cognitive performance.It has been reported that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may develop MCI that could progress to dementia.We investigated whether we could adopt LSFC patterns as discriminative features to predict the cognitive function of patients with T2DM,using connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM)and a support vector machine.AIM To investigate the utility of LSFC for predicting cognitive impairment related to T2DM more accurately and reliably.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were derived from 42 patients with T2DM and 24 healthy controls.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups,according to the presence(T2DM-C;n=16)or absence(T2DM-NC;n=26)of MCI.Brain regions were marked using Harvard Oxford(HOA-112),automated anatomical labeling(AAL-116),and 264-region functional(Power-264)atlases.LSFC biomarkers for predicting MoCA scores were identified using a new CPM technique.Subsequently,we used a support vector machine based on LSFC patterns for among-group differentiation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve determined the appearance of the classification.RESULTS CPM could predict the MoCA scores in patients with T2DM(Pearson’s correlation coefficient between predicted and actual MoCA scores,r=0.32,P=0.0066[HOA-112 atlas];r=0.32,P=0.0078[AAL-116 atlas];r=0.42,P=0.0038[Power-264 atlas]),indicating that LSFC patterns represent cognition-level measures in these patients.Positive(anti-correlated)LSFC networks based on the Power-264 atlas showed the best predictive performance;moreover,we observed new brain regions of interest associated with T2DM-related cognition.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values(T2DM-NC group vs.T2DM-C group)were 0.65-0.70,with LSFC matrices based on HOA-112 and Power-264 atlases having the highest value(0.70).Most discriminative and attractive LSFCs were related to the default mode network,limbic system,and basal ganglia.CONCLUSION LSFC provides neuroimaging-based information that may be useful in detecting MCI early and accurately in patients with T2DM.

Pretreatment serum albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio is an independent prognosticator of survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that a low albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio(AAPR)is associated with a lower survival rate in patients with various malignancies.However,the relationship between pretreatment AAPR and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(GC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of AAPR in distant metastatic GC.METHODS A total of 191 patients with distant metastatic cancer from a single institute were enrolled in this study.Pretreatment clinical data,including serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels,were collected.A chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to evaluate the correlations between AAPR and various clinical parameters in GC patients.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of AAPR in metastatic GC patients.A two-sided P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that 0.48 was the optimal threshold value for AAPR.AAPR≤0.48 was significantly associated with bone(P<0.05)and liver metastasis(P<0.05).Patients with high levels of AAPR had better survival in terms of overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),regardless of the presence of liver/bone metastasis.Pretreatment AAPR was found to be a favorable predictor of OS and PFS based on a multivariate cox regression model.AAPR-M system,constructed based on AAPR and number of metastatic sites,showed superior predictive ability relative to the number of metastatic sites for predicting survival.CONCLUSION Pretreatment AAPR may serve as an independent prognostic factor for predicting PFS and OS in patients with metastatic GC.Furthermore,AAPR may assist clinicians with individualizing treatment.

Hua-Zhuo-Kai-Yu decoction inhibits apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background:Hua-Zhuo-Kai-Yu decoction(HZKY)is an empirical formula in traditional Chinese medicine that is derived from the classic ancient prescription Da-Chai-Hu decoction.It has been demonstrated to have good clinical effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the mechanism by which HZKY acts on NAFLD remains unclear.In this study,network pharmacology was used to predict the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD.Additionally,in vivo studies were conducted to validate the crucial pathways determined using network pharmacology.Methods:Active compounds in HZKY were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database,and the potential targets of compounds in HZKY were predicted using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform,Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database,Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and PUBCHEM.In addition,targets involved in NAFLD were obtained from the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases,and the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD were identified based on the common potential targets between HZKY and NAFLD.Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to visualize crosstalk and identify the key genes from the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was conducted to predict the pathways by which HZKY acts on NAFLD.Rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD and were then orally administered HZKY.Serum lipid levels and hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining results were assessed to determine the effects of HZKY in NALFD.Furthermore,the mechanisms of action of HZKY in NAFLD,as determined using network pharmacology,were validated based on the inhibition of apoptosis in the liver using Western blotting.Results:A total of 269 potential targets of 130 active compounds in HZKY were identified(oral bioavailability≥30%and drug-like≥0.18),and 62 targets were selected after being compared with the targets of NAFLD.Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX),caspase3(CASP3),and caspase9(CASP9)were the key genes with the highest values of network connectivity.In addition,45 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways,including apoptosis,fatty acid synthesis,and estrogen signaling,were enriched according to the selected genes of HZKY.In vivo studies showed that the serum levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated and the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was decreased in the model group compared with those in the control group(P<0.01 for all).The expressions of BAX,CASP9,and CASP3 were upregulated in the model group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.01,respectively),while HZKY treatment decreased the body weights and serum levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in NAFLD model rats(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05,and P<0.05,respectively).Hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining indicated that HZKY treatment reduced steatosis in the hepatocytes.Moreover,HZKY treatment inhibited apoptosis in the liver by downregulating the expressions of BAX,CASP3,and CASP9(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that HZKY improves NAFLD by inhibiting apoptosis in the liver by reducing the levels of BAX,CASP3,and CASP9.

二甲硅油给药时机对口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散肠道准备效果的影响

目的探讨二甲硅油给药时机对口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散肠道准备效果的影响。方法600例接受结肠镜检查的患者,采用随机数字表法分为A、B及C组,每组200例。A组患者于检查前4h服用复方聚乙二醇电解质散139.12g/2000 ml水;B组患者于检查前4 h口服相同剂量的复方聚乙二醇电解质散,服完后即服用二甲硅油散5g;C组患者于检查前4h口服相同剂量的复方聚乙二醇电解质散,检查前1h服用二甲硅油5g。比较3组患者肠道准备评分、肠腔内气泡评分、进退镜时间及结肠镜镜头清晰度评分。结果C组患者肠道准备评分(9.35±0.45)高于A组(7.95±1.22)和B组(8.37±0.36)(P<0.05);C组患者肠腔内气泡评分(0.19±0.07)低于A组(0.45±0.15)和B组(0.30±0.10)(P<0.05);C组患者进退镜时间([8.15±1.20)和(9.35±0.60)min]短于A组([10.45±1.65)和(12.11±0.85)min]和B组([9.35±1.22)、(10.93±0.60)min](P<0.05);C组患者结肠镜镜头清晰度评分(0.78±0.13)低于A组(1.97±0.26)和B组(1.46±0.35)(P<0.05)。3组在研究过程中无不良事件发生。结论二甲硅油联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散可作为一种结肠镜检查前的肠道准备方案。二甲硅油检查前1 h服用,可有效降低肠腔内气泡量,提升镜检效率,肠道准备效果更佳。

复方血栓通胶囊对高海拔视网膜病变大鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨复方血栓通胶囊对高海拔视网膜病变大鼠的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠24只随机分为6组,分别饲养于模拟高海拔5000m的高原舱内2、4、6、10、24、72h,观察各组大鼠视网膜组织形态,HIF-1α的表达和入舱前后大鼠视网膜电图中暗适应最大反应b波振幅的变化;雄性SD大鼠24只随机分为4组,分别予安慰剂,大花红景天口服液,肌苷片及复方血栓通胶囊灌胃喂药7d后,饲养于模拟海拔为5000m模拟舱内10h,观察各组大鼠视网膜组织形态,HIF-1α的表达和入舱前后大鼠视网膜电图中暗适应最大反应b波振幅的变化。结果:高海拔视网膜病变SD大鼠模型中,结果显示随着各实验时间的增加,神经节细胞层细胞肿胀明显,HIF-1α在神经节细胞及内核层细胞胞浆表达增高,均在10h时最为明显。各组SD大鼠进舱自身前后F-ERG暗适应最大反应b波振幅变化分析,4、6、10、72h组F-ERG暗适应最大反应b波振幅显著降低(P<0.05);2h组和4h组(P=0.007)、6h组(P=0.008)、10h(P=0.002)有差异,24h组和4h组(P=0.035)、6h(P=0.040)、10h组(P=0.012)有差异。复方血栓通对SD大鼠高海拔视网膜病变预防作用研究中,结果显示与安慰剂组相比较,复方血栓通组、红景天组及肌苷组的视网膜水肿均明显减轻,但复方血栓通组与红景天组视网膜水肿程度明显低于肌苷组;复方血栓通组及红景天组HIF-1α在神经节细胞层及内核层表达明显下降;各组SD大鼠进舱后F-ERG暗适应最大反应b波振幅比较显示,安慰剂组与复方血栓通组(P=0.032),红景天组(P=0.001)均有差异。结论:在模拟高海拔环境下,复方血栓通可能是通过抑制HIF-1α的表达对大鼠高海拔视网膜病变有保护作用,但是具体作用机制有待我们进一步研究。

树鼩细菌性角膜炎感染模型的建立及IL-17在模型中的表达

目的:建立树鼩铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌性角膜炎感染模型,并观察IL-17在模型中的表达,初步探讨IL-17在树鼩细菌性角膜炎中的作用。方法:采用接触镜辅助的角膜划痕法建立树鼩细菌性角膜炎模型。在进行接种后第1、4、7、14d使用前段照相、活体共聚焦显微镜对模型感染症状进行评估,制作病理切片观察角膜组织病理学改变。在相应时间点进行取材,实时荧光定量PCR检测树鼩角膜组织中IL-17 mRNA的表达,ELISA检测IL-17蛋白表达水平。结果:树鼩铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌性角膜炎模型造模成功率为96%、100%,树鼩细菌性角膜炎临床表现、炎症细胞浸润情况和组织病理改变规律相吻合。IL-17基因和蛋白的表达情况在树鼩角膜中与角膜炎症的严重情况一致。结论:采用接触镜辅助的角膜划痕法可成功建立更接近人细菌性角膜炎自然感染病程的树鼩铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌性角膜炎动物模型。IL-17参与树鼩细菌性角膜炎发生发展的过程。

微生物混合感染性角膜炎动物模型研究进展

微生物混合感染性角膜炎是一种因角膜感染,严重时会致盲的眼表疾病,起病急、发展迅速,严重时会引起角膜穿孔,可致视力下降或视力丧失。建立微生物混合感染性角膜炎动物模型有利于探索其发病机制、预防、临床诊断和治疗等。本文对微生物混合感染性角膜炎动物模型的制作方法及造模感染成功后的鉴定方法进行综述,旨在为进一步开发、研究该病的动物模型提供参考。

假性剥脱性青光眼的生物标志物研究进展

假性剥脱性青光眼(PEXG)是一种严重危害视力的眼部疾病,较原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)更具侵袭性,对视神经的损害更严重,预后更差,且对治疗有较高的耐药性。早期诊断PEXG有助于及时治疗,并延缓疾病进展,因此确定适当的生物标志物至关重要。近几年来,越来越多的人开始研究PEXG的生物标志物,希望通过基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学以及脂质组学标志物的研究,了解该病的发病机制,寻找PEXG潜在的早期诊断和治疗靶点,对该疾病提供一定帮助。本文将对近几年PEXG的生物标志物研究进展进行阐述,其中一些生物标志物可能在未来对PEXG的早期诊断提供新思路。

Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019:a review

prevalence.A number of clinical workers and researchers have made great efforts to understand the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics and develop effective drugs for treatment.However,no effective drugs with antiviral effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been discovered currently.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has gained abundant experience in the treatment of infectious diseases for thousands of years.In this review,the authors summarized the clinical outcome,pathogensis and current application of TCM on coronavirus disease 2019.Further,we discussed the potential mechanisms and the future research directions of TCM against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

阿达木单抗治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎研究进展

葡萄膜炎是一种病因及发病机制复杂、治疗棘手、易反复发作的临床常见难治性致盲性眼病,目前认为与自身免疫性炎症反应密切相关。肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在葡萄膜炎发生发展中起关键促炎因子作用,阿达木单抗(ADA)是针对TNF-α的全人源化重组免疫γ球蛋白单克隆抗体,可特异性结合TNF-α并阻断其与受体(TNFR-1、TNFR-2)结合而发挥生物学效应。本文就ADA治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎的作用机制、有效性及安全性等临床研究进展进行综述。

Omics technology: an important tool in mechanism studies of Chinese herbal formulas

Background Identifying the active ingredients from natural herbal medicines and demonstrating their potential mechanisms are key points in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)field.In recent years,increasing studies have focused on the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal formulas.Basic studies on these formulas further coincide with the theory and practical use of TCM according to the clinical experiences for thousands of years.Single compounds have specific molecular structures;therefore,their methodologies in effect and mechanism studies are similar in both Western and Eastern medicines,making them more acceptable by researchers worldwide.

Research progress of epigenetic modification in autophagy regulation

Autophagy can maintain the homeostasis of cells by removing the accumulated proteins,damaged organelles and pathogens.Studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to a variety of life activities,and its dysfunction often leads to tumor,degenerative diseases and other diseases.Epigenetic modification is widely involved in autophagy and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases.In order to further understand the mechanism of autophagy,we review the related signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications of autophagy.

Ethanol extract of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba inhibits hepatoma carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro through regulating lipid metabolism

Objective:The aim of this study is to discover the possible working mechanisms of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba(AJH)on hepatoma carcinoma(HCC).Methods:In this study,ethanol extract of AJH was prepared and used to treat HCC cell in vitro.Furthermore,a genomic wide RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was performed to screen deregulated genes in HCC cells after the treatment of AJH extract.The gene and protein expression related to lipid metabolism in HCC cells were also investigated to validate the results obtained from RNA-seq.Results:AJH extract could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro.RNA-seq analysis has identified 1,601 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,fold change≥2.0 or fold change≤0.5,P<0.05)in HCC after AJH extract treatment,which included 225 up-regulated genes and 1,376 down-regulated genes.KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs demonstrated that lipid metabolism was a potential pathway related to AJH treatment.In agreement with the RNA-seq data,q PCR and Western-blot analysis indicated that expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism(SREBP1,ACC,ACLY and FASN)were significantly downregulated in AJH treatment group as compared with the control group.Furthermore,AJH extract could also decrease lipid contents and cellular free fatty acid levels in HCC cells.Conclusion:Ethanol extract of AJH could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro,the possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of lipid metabolism.

Rosacea-Like Dermatitis Caused by Icotinib Hydrochloride: A Case Report

IntroductionIn recent years,drugs that have been reported to be associated with dermatitis include glucocorticoid,tacrolimus pimecrolimus,1 epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) such as erlotinib2 and cetuximab,vitamin B6,3 rarely the oral antidiabetic drug metformin,parabens,calcium channel blockers,and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors.However,few reports have described drug-induced rosacea-like dermatitis.

A review on vanadium extraction techniques from major vanadium-containing resources

The critical role of vanadium in metallurgy and the increasing commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries have contributed to a rise in market demand for vanadium,emphasizing the need to ensure the sustainability of vanadium production.Converter vanadium slag and stone coal,generated during the smelting process of vanadium–titanium magnetite,serve as primary raw materials for vanadium extraction.This paper reviews the process mineralogy of converter vanadium slag and stone coal,encompassing the chemical and physical phase compositions of the raw materials and the state of vanadium occurrence.The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the mechanistic study of the vanadium extraction techniques and to provide a reference for the optimization of the process afterward.This paper systematically summarizes the current vanadium extraction technology from converter vanadium slag,covering roasting,direct leaching,sub-molten salt method,and the technology and research status of vanadium extraction from stone coal.Most importantly,it identifies key issues in the current vanadium extraction techniques and challenges faced in actual production,based on the analysis of the current vanadium extraction process and mechanism research.The forward feasibility and prospects for the development of vanadium extraction technology are outlined.

Alarm Log Data Augmentation Algorithm Based on a GAN Model and Apriori

The complexity of alarm detection and diagnosis tasks often results in a lack of alarm log data.Due to the strong rule associations inherent in alarm log data,existing data augmentation algorithms cannot obtain good results for alarm log data.To address this problem,this paper introduces a new algorithm for augmenting alarm log data,termed APRGAN,which combines a generative adversarial network(GAN)with the Apriori algorithm.APRGAN generates alarm log data under the guidance of rules mined by the rule miner.Moreover,we propose a new dynamic updating mechanism to alleviate the mode collapse problem of the GAN.In addition to updating the real reference dataset used to train the discriminator in the GAN,we dynamically update the parameters and the rule set of the Apriori algorithm according to the data generated in each epoch.Through extensive experimentation on two public datasets,it is demonstrated that APRGAN surpasses other data augmentation algorithms in the domain with respect to alarm log data augmentation,as evidenced by its superior performance on metrics such as BLEU,ROUGE,and METEOR.

Molecular interaction network of plant-herbivorous insects

The interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are complex and involve multiple factors,driving species formation and leading to the beginning of co-evolution and diversification of plant and insect molecules.Various molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects.Here,we discuss the molecular patterns of plant perception of herbivorous insect feeding through activation of early signaling components,crosstalk of plant defense network composed of multiple plant hormones,and various adaptive changes in insect responses to plant defenses.Both plant defenses and insect counter-defenses are molecular adaptation processes to each other.Molecular models of plant-herbivorous insect interactions can more intuitively help us to understand the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivorous insects.These results will provide detailed evidence to elucidate and enrich the interaction network of plant-herbivorous insects.

Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids after in vitro digestion

Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities（2,2＇-azino-bis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt（ABTS）, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy（DPPH） radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power（FRAP）） of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in Hep G2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.

Recent advances in kinetic and thermodynamic regulation of magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage

Developing safer and more efficient hydrogen storage technology is a pivotal step to realizing the hydrogen economy. Owing to the lightweight, high hydrogen storage density and abundant reserves, MgH_(2) has been widely studied as one of the most promising solidstate hydrogen storage materials. However, defects such as stable thermodynamics, sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay have seriously hindered its practical application. This article reviews recent advances in catalyst doping and nanostructures for improved kinetic performance of MgH_(2)/Mg systems for hydrogen release/absorption, the tuning of their thermodynamic stability properties by alloying and reactant destabilization, and the dual thermodynamic and kinetic optimization of the MgH_(2)/Mg system achieved by nanoconfinement with in situ catalysis and ball milling with in situ aerosol spraying, aiming to open new perspectives for the scale-up of MgH_(2) for hydrogen storage applications.