AIM: To explore the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP) in liver ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(220-250 g) were divided into th...AIM: To explore the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP) in liver ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(220-250 g) were divided into three groups, namely, sham, IR, and GSP groups(n = 8 each). A liver IR(70%) model was established and reperfused for 6 h. Prior to reperfusion, the GSP group was administered with GSP(100 mg/kg) for 15 d, and liver histology was then investigated. Serum aminotransferase and inflammatory mediators coupled with superoxide dismutase and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde were detected. Western blot was conducted to analyze the expression of glucoseregulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.RESULTS: The serum aminotransferase, apoptotic cells, and Suzuki scores decreased in the GSP group compared with the IR group(P s < 0.05). The methanedicarboxylic aldehyde level was decreased in the GSP group, but the superoxide dismutase level was reversed(P s < 0.05). Similarly, GSP downregulated the proinflammatory factors and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(Ps < 0.05). Western blot data showed that GSP increased glucose-regulated protein 78 expression and suppressed expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb compared with the IR group.CONCLUSION: GSP possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulation of related signaling pathways to protect the liver against IR injury.展开更多
It is well known that the quantum fluctuation of entanglement(QFE) between Unruh–De Witt detector(modeled by a two-level atom) is always investigated in a relativistic setting. However, both of the Unruh radiation an...It is well known that the quantum fluctuation of entanglement(QFE) between Unruh–De Witt detector(modeled by a two-level atom) is always investigated in a relativistic setting. However, both of the Unruh radiation and quantum fluctuation effects play an important role in precise measurements of quantum entanglement. In this paper, we have quantitatively analyzed how the relativistic motion affects the QFE for two entangled Unruh–De Witt detectors, one of which is accelerated and interacting with the neighbor external scalar field. Our results show that the QFE, which initially increases by the Unruh thermal noise, will suddenly decay when the acceleration reaches to a considerably large value. Therefore, the relativistic effect will lead to non-negligible QFE effect. We also find that the initial QFE(without acceleration effect) reaches its minimum value at the maximally entangled state and the separable state. More importantly, our analysis demonstrates that although the QFE has a huge decay when the acceleration is greater than ~ 0.96, the ratio of △E/C is still very large, due to the simultaneous decay of concurrence to a very low value. Finally, enlightened by the well-known equivalence principle,we discuss the possibility of applying the above findings to the dynamics of QFE under the influence of gravitation field.展开更多
Background Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease.Children with TOF would be confronted with neurological impairment across their lifetime.Our study aimed to identify the risk fac...Background Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease.Children with TOF would be confronted with neurological impairment across their lifetime.Our study aimed to identify the risk factors for cerebral morphology changes and cognition in postoperative preschool-aged children with TOF.Methods We used mass spectrometry(MS)technology to assess the levels of serum metabolites,Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-Fourth edition(WPPSI-Ⅳ)index scores to evaluate neurodevelopmental levels and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to detect cortical morphological changes.Results Multiple linear regression showed that preoperative levels of serum cortisone were positively correlated with the gyrification index of the left inferior parietal gyrus in children with TOF and negatively related to their lower visual spaces index and nonverbal index.Meanwhile,preoperative SpO_(2) was negatively correlated with levels of serum cortisone after adjusting for all covariates.Furthermore,after intervening levels of cortisone in chronic hypoxic model mice,total brain volumes were reduced at both postnatal(P)11.5 and P30 days.Conclusions Our results suggest that preoperative serum cortisone levels could be used as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with TOF.Our study findings emphasized that preoperative levels of cortisone could influence cerebral development and cognition abilities in children with TOF.展开更多
A nucleosome contains two copies of each histone H2A,H2B,H3 and H4.Histone H3 K4me0 and K36me3are two key chromatin marks for de novo DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases in mammals.However,it remains u...A nucleosome contains two copies of each histone H2A,H2B,H3 and H4.Histone H3 K4me0 and K36me3are two key chromatin marks for de novo DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases in mammals.However,it remains unclear whether K4me0 and K36me3 marks on both sister histone H3s regulate de novo DNA methylation independently or cooperatively.Here,taking advantage of the bivalent histone H3 system in yeast,we examined the contributions of K4 and K36 on sister histone H3s to genomic DNA methylation catalyzed by ectopically co-expressed murine Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L.The results show that lack of both K4me0 and K36me3 on one sister H3 tail,or lack of K4me0 and K36me3 on respective sister H3s results in a dramatic reduction of 5mC,revealing a synergy of two sister H3s in DNA methylation regulation.Accordingly,the Dnmt3a or Dnmt3L mutation that disrupts the interaction of Dnmt3aADD domain-H3K4me0,Dnmt3LADD domain-H3K4me0,orDnmt3aPWWP domain-H3K36me3 causes a significant reduction of DNA methylation.These results support the model that each heterodimeric Dnmt3a-Dnmt3L reads both K4me0 and K36me3 marks on one tail of sister H3s,and the dimer of heterodimeric Dnmt3a-Dnmt3L recognizes two tails of sister histone H3s to efficiently execute de novo DNA methylation.展开更多
A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide (1:1:1) system shows the lowest freezing point (...A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide (1:1:1) system shows the lowest freezing point (-60℃) and lowest density in the series. The viscosity and conductivity of TDESs have an exponential relationship with temperature and can be fitted by Arrhenius equation.展开更多
An efficient and eco-friendly carbon nitride nanosheet(NM-g-C3N4)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of imidazo-fused heterocycles(i.e.,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines,benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole)with N-phenylglyc...An efficient and eco-friendly carbon nitride nanosheet(NM-g-C3N4)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of imidazo-fused heterocycles(i.e.,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines,benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole)with N-phenylglycines in dimethyl carbonate(DMC)has been developed.The toxic solvents,external oxidants,and restricted reaction conditions could be effectively avoided in this powerful and sustainable protocol.Remarkably,NM-g-C3N4 could be straightforwardly recovered by simple centrifugation and recycled and reused at least 7 times without an obvious decrease in catalytic activity.展开更多
Grain boundary of α phase damaged ductility of laser melting-deposited TC18 titanium alloy and grain boundary of α phases were difficult to break by nominal heat treatment. An extra thermal deformation was introduce...Grain boundary of α phase damaged ductility of laser melting-deposited TC18 titanium alloy and grain boundary of α phases were difficult to break by nominal heat treatment. An extra thermal deformation was introduced to break the grain boundary of α phase with the improved mechanical property of TC18 titanium alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition technique.Results indicated that after thermal deformation, β grains in alloy seriously elongated. When sample was deformed at temperatures from 750 to 850 ℃, α phase exhibited both rod and irregular morphologies with discontinuous distribution at grain boundary, and the subsequent heat treatment would lead to spheroidization of the α phase. However, after deformation at 900 ℃, α phase transferred into β phase and the subsequent heat treatment would make continuous grain boundary of α phase reappear. The suitable hot deformation can effectively break the continuous grain boundary in laser melting-deposited TC18 alloy with respected improved ductility.展开更多
To the Editor: Uterine adenomyosis (AM) is caused by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium of the uterus, accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding smooth muscle ...To the Editor: Uterine adenomyosis (AM) is caused by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium of the uterus, accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding smooth muscle cells, leading to a diffuse enlargement of the uterus.展开更多
基金Supported by The Jiangsu Province Natural Science Fund Subject,No.BK20131445the Scientific Research Program of Ministry of Health,No.201302009
文摘AIM: To explore the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP) in liver ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(220-250 g) were divided into three groups, namely, sham, IR, and GSP groups(n = 8 each). A liver IR(70%) model was established and reperfused for 6 h. Prior to reperfusion, the GSP group was administered with GSP(100 mg/kg) for 15 d, and liver histology was then investigated. Serum aminotransferase and inflammatory mediators coupled with superoxide dismutase and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde were detected. Western blot was conducted to analyze the expression of glucoseregulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.RESULTS: The serum aminotransferase, apoptotic cells, and Suzuki scores decreased in the GSP group compared with the IR group(P s < 0.05). The methanedicarboxylic aldehyde level was decreased in the GSP group, but the superoxide dismutase level was reversed(P s < 0.05). Similarly, GSP downregulated the proinflammatory factors and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(Ps < 0.05). Western blot data showed that GSP increased glucose-regulated protein 78 expression and suppressed expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb compared with the IR group.CONCLUSION: GSP possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulation of related signaling pathways to protect the liver against IR injury.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11690023,11373014,and 11633001)the Beijing Talents Fund of Organization Department of Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC,and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000).
文摘It is well known that the quantum fluctuation of entanglement(QFE) between Unruh–De Witt detector(modeled by a two-level atom) is always investigated in a relativistic setting. However, both of the Unruh radiation and quantum fluctuation effects play an important role in precise measurements of quantum entanglement. In this paper, we have quantitatively analyzed how the relativistic motion affects the QFE for two entangled Unruh–De Witt detectors, one of which is accelerated and interacting with the neighbor external scalar field. Our results show that the QFE, which initially increases by the Unruh thermal noise, will suddenly decay when the acceleration reaches to a considerably large value. Therefore, the relativistic effect will lead to non-negligible QFE effect. We also find that the initial QFE(without acceleration effect) reaches its minimum value at the maximally entangled state and the separable state. More importantly, our analysis demonstrates that although the QFE has a huge decay when the acceleration is greater than ~ 0.96, the ratio of △E/C is still very large, due to the simultaneous decay of concurrence to a very low value. Finally, enlightened by the well-known equivalence principle,we discuss the possibility of applying the above findings to the dynamics of QFE under the influence of gravitation field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270310,81970265).
文摘Background Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease.Children with TOF would be confronted with neurological impairment across their lifetime.Our study aimed to identify the risk factors for cerebral morphology changes and cognition in postoperative preschool-aged children with TOF.Methods We used mass spectrometry(MS)technology to assess the levels of serum metabolites,Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-Fourth edition(WPPSI-Ⅳ)index scores to evaluate neurodevelopmental levels and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to detect cortical morphological changes.Results Multiple linear regression showed that preoperative levels of serum cortisone were positively correlated with the gyrification index of the left inferior parietal gyrus in children with TOF and negatively related to their lower visual spaces index and nonverbal index.Meanwhile,preoperative SpO_(2) was negatively correlated with levels of serum cortisone after adjusting for all covariates.Furthermore,after intervening levels of cortisone in chronic hypoxic model mice,total brain volumes were reduced at both postnatal(P)11.5 and P30 days.Conclusions Our results suggest that preoperative serum cortisone levels could be used as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with TOF.Our study findings emphasized that preoperative levels of cortisone could influence cerebral development and cognition abilities in children with TOF.
基金We thank members of Zhou lab for the help,discussions and suggestions for this project.This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFA0500701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31521061)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19000000)to J.QZ.
文摘A nucleosome contains two copies of each histone H2A,H2B,H3 and H4.Histone H3 K4me0 and K36me3are two key chromatin marks for de novo DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases in mammals.However,it remains unclear whether K4me0 and K36me3 marks on both sister histone H3s regulate de novo DNA methylation independently or cooperatively.Here,taking advantage of the bivalent histone H3 system in yeast,we examined the contributions of K4 and K36 on sister histone H3s to genomic DNA methylation catalyzed by ectopically co-expressed murine Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L.The results show that lack of both K4me0 and K36me3 on one sister H3 tail,or lack of K4me0 and K36me3 on respective sister H3s results in a dramatic reduction of 5mC,revealing a synergy of two sister H3s in DNA methylation regulation.Accordingly,the Dnmt3a or Dnmt3L mutation that disrupts the interaction of Dnmt3aADD domain-H3K4me0,Dnmt3LADD domain-H3K4me0,orDnmt3aPWWP domain-H3K36me3 causes a significant reduction of DNA methylation.These results support the model that each heterodimeric Dnmt3a-Dnmt3L reads both K4me0 and K36me3 marks on one tail of sister H3s,and the dimer of heterodimeric Dnmt3a-Dnmt3L recognizes two tails of sister histone H3s to efficiently execute de novo DNA methylation.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.13D110520 and 13D310508)for funding this work
文摘A series of room-temperature ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared from imidazolium halides, zinc halides and amides. The [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2-acetamide (1:1:1) system shows the lowest freezing point (-60℃) and lowest density in the series. The viscosity and conductivity of TDESs have an exponential relationship with temperature and can be fitted by Arrhenius equation.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971224,22171249)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provinee,China(No.202300410375)the College Students'Innovation and Entre-preneurship Training Program of Zhengzhou University(No.2021cxcy197).
文摘An efficient and eco-friendly carbon nitride nanosheet(NM-g-C3N4)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of imidazo-fused heterocycles(i.e.,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines,benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole)with N-phenylglycines in dimethyl carbonate(DMC)has been developed.The toxic solvents,external oxidants,and restricted reaction conditions could be effectively avoided in this powerful and sustainable protocol.Remarkably,NM-g-C3N4 could be straightforwardly recovered by simple centrifugation and recycled and reused at least 7 times without an obvious decrease in catalytic activity.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of the People's Republic of China(No.2018YFB1106000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801009).
文摘Grain boundary of α phase damaged ductility of laser melting-deposited TC18 titanium alloy and grain boundary of α phases were difficult to break by nominal heat treatment. An extra thermal deformation was introduced to break the grain boundary of α phase with the improved mechanical property of TC18 titanium alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition technique.Results indicated that after thermal deformation, β grains in alloy seriously elongated. When sample was deformed at temperatures from 750 to 850 ℃, α phase exhibited both rod and irregular morphologies with discontinuous distribution at grain boundary, and the subsequent heat treatment would lead to spheroidization of the α phase. However, after deformation at 900 ℃, α phase transferred into β phase and the subsequent heat treatment would make continuous grain boundary of α phase reappear. The suitable hot deformation can effectively break the continuous grain boundary in laser melting-deposited TC18 alloy with respected improved ductility.
基金This work was supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2016-12M-1-002) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81501236).
文摘To the Editor: Uterine adenomyosis (AM) is caused by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium of the uterus, accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding smooth muscle cells, leading to a diffuse enlargement of the uterus.