Optimal partitioning theory (OPT) suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomas...Optimal partitioning theory (OPT) suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomass allocation between leaves, stems and roots. However, variations in biomass allocation among plant parts can also occur as a plant grows in size. As an alternative approach, allometric biomass partitioning theory (APT) asserts that plants should trade off their biomass between roots, stems and leaves. This approach can minimize bias when comparing biomass allocation patterns by accounting for plant size in the analysis. We analyzed the biomass allo- cation strategy of perennial Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel in the Horqin Sand Land of northern China by treating samples with different availabilities of soil nutrients and water, adding snow in winter and water in summer. We hypothesized that P. centrasiaticum alters its pattern of biomass allocation strategy in response to different levels of soil water content and soil nitrogen content. We used standardized major axis (SMA) to analyze the allometric rela- tionship (slope) and intercept between biomass traits (root, stem, leaf and total biomass) of nitrogen/water treat- ments. Taking plant size into consideration, no allometric relationships between different organs were significantly affected by differing soil water and soil nitrogen levels, while the biomass allocation strategy of P. centrasiaticum was affected by soil water levels, but not by soil nitrogen levels. The plasticity of roots, leaves and root/shoot ratios was 'true' in response to fluctuations in soil water content, but the plasticity of stems was consistent for trade-offs between the effects of water and plant size. Plants allocated relatively more biomass to roots and less to leaves when snow was added in winter. A similar trend was observed when water was added in summer. The plasticity of roots, stems and leaves was a function of plant size, and remained unchanged in response to different soil nitrogen levels.展开更多
The ability of psammophyte photosynthesis to withstand and recover from severe droughts is crucial for vegetation sta- bility in semi-arid sandy lands. The responses of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of an ...The ability of psammophyte photosynthesis to withstand and recover from severe droughts is crucial for vegetation sta- bility in semi-arid sandy lands. The responses of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of an annual grass, Digitaria ciliaris, were measured through three soil drought and rewatering cycles. Results showed that the net photosynthesis rate (P,) decreased by 92%, 95%, and 63% at end of the three drought periods, respectively, water use efficiency (WUE) decreased by 67%, 54%, and 48%, while the constant intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased by 1.08, 0.88, and 0.45 times. During those three cycles, the trapping probability with no dark adaptation (Fv'/Fm') decreased by 55%, 51%, and 9%, the electron transport per cross section (ET0'/CS0') decreased by 63%0, 42%, and 18%, and the dissipation per cross section (DI0'/CS0') increased by 97%, 96%, and 21%. These results indicated that D. ciliaris was subjected to photoinhi- bition and some non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis under drought. However, after four days of rewatering, its photosynthetic characteristics were restored to control values. This capability to recover from drought may contribute to making the plant's use of water as efficient as possible. Furthermore, the photosynthesis decreased more slowly in the subsequent drought cycles than in the first cycle, allowing D. ciliaris to enhance its future drought tolerance after drought hardening. Thus, it acclimatizes itself to repeated soil drought.展开更多
Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys,and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC).Based on 550 s...Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys,and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC).Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer(0 to 20 cm)in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone,we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging(OK),universal kriging(UK),inverse distance weighting(IDW)and radial basis function(RBF)and random subsampling(50,100,200,300,400,and 500)on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation.When the Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI)and Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI)was 2.01 and 0.67,the OK method appeared to be a superior method,which had the smallest root mean square error(RMSE)and the mean error(ME)nearest to zero.On the contrary,the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study.The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction;50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy.Thus,we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density(SOCD)by the OK method.The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt,and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m2.The SOCD kg/(C⋅m2)of different land use types were in the following order:woodland(3.29)>grassland(2.35)>cropland(2.19)>sandy land(1.55).展开更多
To understand the effects of grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in northem China, a livestock field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin Sand Land...To understand the effects of grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in northem China, a livestock field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that sustained heavy grazing resulted in serious degradation of the vegetation; moderate grazing can maintain vegetation stabilization; and light grazing can promote rapid restoration of degraded vegetation. The livestock productivity was the highest in the moderate grazing grassland, and sustained heavy grazing resulted in rapid decrease of the livestock productivity. Heavy grazing can cause a retrogressive succession of grassland vegetation, whereas moderate and light grazing may promote progressive succession of plant species. The effects of changing climate on succession processes were not significant in the short term; a warm-humid climate is favorable to restoration of degraded vegetation, whereas a sustained warm-drought climate may result in degradation of grassland vegetation. Heavy livestock grazing should be stopped for the sustainable use of grassland; the proper grazing intensity for sandy grassland is two to three sheep or sheep equivalents per hectare in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
X-irradiation has a beneficial effect in treating spinal cord injury. We supposed that X-irradiation could improve the microenvironment at the site of a spinal cord injury and inhibit glial scar formation. Thus, this ...X-irradiation has a beneficial effect in treating spinal cord injury. We supposed that X-irradiation could improve the microenvironment at the site of a spinal cord injury and inhibit glial scar formation. Thus, this study was designed to observe the effects of 8 Gy X-irradiation on the injury site at 6 hours and 2, 4, 7, and 14 days post injury, in terms of improvement in the microenvironment and hind limb motor function. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of macrophage marker ED-1 and the area with glial scar formation were reduced. In addition, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score was higher at 7 days post injury relative to the other time points post injury. Results indicated that X-irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy can inhibit glial scar formation and alleviate the inflammatory reaction, thereby repairing spinal cord injury. X-irradiation at 7 days post spinal cord injury may be the best time window.展开更多
Bacteria constitute a large proportion of the biodiversity in soils and control many important processes in terrestrial ecosystems.However,our understanding of the interactions between soil bacteria and environmental ...Bacteria constitute a large proportion of the biodiversity in soils and control many important processes in terrestrial ecosystems.However,our understanding of the interactions between soil bacteria and environmental factors remains limited,especially in sensitive and fragile ecosystems.In this study,geographic patterns of bacterial diversity across four sandy grasslands along a 1,600 km north-south transect in northern China were characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Then,we analyzed the driving factors behind the patterns in bacterial diversity.The results show that of the 21 phyla detected,the most abundant were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Fir‐micutes(average relative abundance>5%).Soil bacterial operational taxonomic unit(OTU)numbers(richness)and Faith's phylogenetic diversity(diversity)were highest in the Otindag Sandy Land and lowest in the Mu Us Sandy Land.Soil electrical conductivity(EC)was the most influential factor driving bacterial richness and diversity.The bacterial communities differed significantly among the four sandy grasslands,and the bacterial community structure was signifi‐cantly affected by environmental factors and geographic distance.Of the environmental variables examined,climatic factors(mean annual temperature and precipitation)and edaphic properties(pH and EC)explained the highest propor‐tion of the variation in bacterial community structure.Biotic factors such as plant species richness and aboveground bio‐mass exhibited weak but significant associations with bacterial richness and diversity.Our findings revealed the impor‐tant role of climate and salinity factors in controlling bacterial richness and diversity;understanding these roles is critical for predicting the impacts of climate change and promoting sustainable management strategies for ecosystem services in these sandy lands.展开更多
To obtain excellent regression results under the condition of small sample hyperspectral data,a deep neural network with simulated annealing(SA-DNN)is proposed.According to the characteristics of data,the attention me...To obtain excellent regression results under the condition of small sample hyperspectral data,a deep neural network with simulated annealing(SA-DNN)is proposed.According to the characteristics of data,the attention mechanism was applied to make the network pay more attention to effective features,thereby improving the operating efficiency.By introducing an improved activation function,the data correlation was reduced based on increasing the operation rate,and the problem of over-fitting was alleviated.By introducing simulated annealing,the network chose the optimal learning rate by itself,which avoided falling into the local optimum to the greatest extent.To evaluate the performance of the SA-DNN,the coefficient of determination(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE),and other metrics were used to evaluate the model.The results show that the performance of the SA-DNN is significantly better than other traditional methods.展开更多
1 Introduction The proposal of the concept of“New Power System”aims to illustrate the transform direction of the traditional power system,acting as the development core of the future new power grid.To achieve this,t...1 Introduction The proposal of the concept of“New Power System”aims to illustrate the transform direction of the traditional power system,acting as the development core of the future new power grid.To achieve this,the proposed strategic targets of“carbon neutralization and carbon peaking”must be implemented and insisted[1].The core feature of the new power system is that renewable energy plays a leading role and becomes the main source of energy supply,meanwhile,the goal of green energy utilization has also been put forward on the agenda.Green energy utilization includes two aspects,one is the exploitation and promotion of various green energy technologies,and the other is the digitalization of energy management.Under this trend,stochastic and fluctuating energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power replace deterministic controllable power sources such as thermal power,bringing challenges to power grid regulation and dispatching,as well as flexible operation.The large-scale integration of renewable energy and increasingly high proportion of power electronic equipment tend to bring about fundamental changes in the operation characteristics,safety control,and production mode of the power system.展开更多
Nutrient resorption is an important conservation mechanism for plants to overcome nutrient limitation in the less fertile area of desertifled land. In the semi-arid Horqin Sandy Land of Northern China, the shrub Artem...Nutrient resorption is an important conservation mechanism for plants to overcome nutrient limitation in the less fertile area of desertifled land. In the semi-arid Horqin Sandy Land of Northern China, the shrub Artemisia ha/odendron usually colonizes into the bare ground of severely desertified land as a pioneer species. It is, therefore, expected that A. ha/odendron will be less dependent on current nutrient uptake through efficient and proficient re- sorption of nutrients. In this study, we found that averaged nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in se- nesced leaves significantly varied from 12.3 and 1.2 mg/g in the shifting sand dune to 15.9 and 1.9 mg/g in the fixed sand dune, respectively, suggesting that foliar N and P resorption of A. ha/odendron were more proficient in the shifting sand dune. In particular, positive relationships between nutrient concentrations in senesced leaves and soil nutrient availability indicate that A. ha/odendron in infertile habitats is more likely to manage with a low level of nu- trients in senesced leaves, giving this species an advantage in infertile soil. Moreover, foliar N- and P-resorption efficiencies and proficiencies showed limited inter-annual variability although annual precipitation varied greatly among 2007-2009. However, N and P resorption of A. ha/oc/endron were not more efficient and proficient than those previously reported for other shrubs, indicating that the pioneer shrub in sand dune environments does not rely more heavily than other plants on the process of resorption to conserve nutrients. Incomplete resorption of nutrients in A. halodendron suggests that senesced-leaf fall would return litter with high quality to the soil, and thereby would indirectly improve soil nutrient availability. The restoration of desertified land, therefore, may be ac- celerated after A. halodendron pioneers into shifting sand dunes.展开更多
The Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China was originally a grassland with plenty of water and lush vegetation dominated by palatable grass species along with sparsely scattered woody species. However, it has experie...The Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China was originally a grassland with plenty of water and lush vegetation dominated by palatable grass species along with sparsely scattered woody species. However, it has experienced severe desertification in recent decades due to its fragile ecology together with inappropriate human activities. Currently, the landscape of the Horqin Sandy Land is dominated by irrigated croplands and sand dunes with different degrees of vegetation cover, as the region has become the most important part of the semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this study, we compared soil physical and chemical properties under different land-use and cover types (irrigated cropland, rainfed cropland, sandy grassland, fixed dunes, and mobile dunes). We found that soil particle size distribution; organic C, total N, and total mineral element, microelement, and available microelement and nutrient contents; pH; CEC; and bulk density differed significantly among the land-use and cover types. In general, soil quality was highest in the cropland, intermediate in the sandy grassland, and lowest in the dunes. The most important soil quality attribute, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, decreased in the fol-lowing order: irrigated cropland (5,699 g/m^2) 〉 sandy grassland (3,390 g/m^2) 〉 rainfed cropland (2,411 g/m^2) 〉 fixed dunes (821 g/m^2) 〉 mobile dunes (463 g/m^2). SOC was significantly positively correlated with a large proportion of the other soil physico-chemical parameters. Our results suggest that the key issue in restoration of the degraded soils will be to increase SOC storage, which would also create a high potential for sequestering soil C in desertified areas of the Horqin Sandy Land.展开更多
Erratic rainfall and misalignment between the rainy season and the growing season of winter wheat greatly limit rainfed winter wheat yield in the Loess Plateau of China. To increase the grain yield of winter wheat in ...Erratic rainfall and misalignment between the rainy season and the growing season of winter wheat greatly limit rainfed winter wheat yield in the Loess Plateau of China. To increase the grain yield of winter wheat in this region, the effects of different agronomic practices, including adjusting planting pattern(NR, narrow row spacing), increasing seeding rate(high seeding rate, HS), decreasing basal nitrogen rate and increasing top-dressed nitrogen rate(DBN), and replacing an old cultivar with a new cultivar(NC) on wheat yield were investigated for two consecutive years. The results showed that the current grain yield of rainfed winter wheat in the Loess Plateau could be increased to 5879–7093 kg ha^(-1) by HS, DBN and NC practices relative to the practice of high-yielding farmers(PF). The increased yield due to HS, DBN and NC was attributed to the higher number of spikes ha^(-1), 1000-grain weight, and kernels spike^(-1). Before the flowering stage, HS increased soil water consumption(SWC) in 1–3 m subsoil due to the higher plant population compared with that of PF, whereas DBN decreased SWC in the 0–2 m soil layer compared with that of PF. After the flowering stage, HS, DBN, and NC increased SWC by 8–16 mm in 2–3 m subsoil compared to PF. The water use efficiency(WUE) was increased under DBN and NC in comparison with PF.However, the WUE did not increase under HS as it had the highest evapotranspiration among the five treatments. Increasing the use of subsoil water during the late growth stage by optimizing agronomic practices or applying new cultivars with expansive roots should be the primary approach to increase rainfed winter wheat yield in this region.展开更多
China's Horqin Sandy Land,a formerly lush grassland,has experienced extensive desertification that caused considerable carbon(C) losses from the plant-soil system.Natural restoration through grazing exclusion is a ...China's Horqin Sandy Land,a formerly lush grassland,has experienced extensive desertification that caused considerable carbon(C) losses from the plant-soil system.Natural restoration through grazing exclusion is a widely suggested option to sequester C and to restore degraded land.In a desertified grassland,we investigated the C accumulation in the total and light fractions of the soil organic matter from 2005 to 2013 during natural restoration.To a depth of 20 cm,the light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) storage increased by 221 g C/m2(84%) and the total soil organic carbon(SOC) storage increased by 435 g C/m2(55%).The light fraction dry matter content represented a small proportion of the total soil mass(ranging from 0.74% in 2005 to 1.39% in 2013),but the proportion of total SOC storage accounted for by LFOC was remarkable(ranging from 33% to 40%).The C sequestration averaged 28 g C/(m2·a) for LFOC and 54 g C/(m2·a) for total SOC.The total SOC was strongly and significantly positively linearly related to the light fraction dry matter content and the proportions of fine sand and silt+clay.The light fraction organic matter played a major role in total SOC sequestration.Our results suggest that grazing exclusion can restore desertified grassland and has a high potential for sequestering SOC in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land.展开更多
By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE-SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast Chin...By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE-SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast China. By means of remote sensing imagery analysis and field observation as well as a comparison with a small-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower Xiangshui River, analogous to the case of the lower Laoha River, this paper presents a new mechanism for its origin and development. The results show that: (1) the large-scale dunefield bears a tile-style framework overwhelmingly composed of transverse barchanoid ridges perpendicular to the predominant winds, and inlaid diverse blowouts. (2) The small-scale dunefield, referred to as a primary structural unit of the large one, is typical of an incipient dunefield, following the same rules of evolution as the larger. (3) A succession of barchanoid ridge chains can steadily migrate downwind in much the same manner as surface wave propagation in air or water stimulated by an incised valley, and ultimately tend to bear roughly the same wavelength and amplitude under stable climate and hydrologic regimes. (4) The first ridge chain acquires its sand source substantially from the downwind escarpments exposing the loose Quaternary sandy sediments to the air, while the ensuing ridges derive their sands dominantly from in situ deflation of the underlain Quaternary loose sandy sediments in blowouts, partly from the upwind ridges through northern elongated horns. Theoretically, the sands from riparian escarpments can be transported by wind to the downwind distal end of a dunefield after sufficient long du- ration. (5) The lower Laohahe region experienced probably three significant climatic changes in the past, corresponding to the three active dune belts, suggesting that once a large-scale dunefield occurs, it is nearly impossible to be completely stabilized, at least in its central portions. At present, seasonal shrinkage and stagnation of the lower Laoha River, wide-spread farming and afforestation in the valley, and establishing windbreaks downwind of the valley as well as surrounding the dunefield, appear to have significantly modified local flow fields and sand sources, engendering significant degradation of the dunefield.展开更多
Injectable materials show their special merits in regeneration of damaged/degenerated bones in minimally-invasive approach.Injectable calcium phosphate bone cement(CPC)has attracted broad attention for its bioactivity...Injectable materials show their special merits in regeneration of damaged/degenerated bones in minimally-invasive approach.Injectable calcium phosphate bone cement(CPC)has attracted broad attention for its bioactivity,as compared to non-degradable polymethyl methacrylate cement.However,its brittleness,poor anti-washout property and uncontrollable biodegradability are the main challenges to limit its further clinical application mainly because of its stone-like dense structure and fragile inorganic-salt weakness.Herein,we developed a kind of injectable CPC bone cement with porous structure and improved robustness by incorporating poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanofiber into CPC,with carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)to offer good injectability as well as anti-wash-out capacity.Furthermore,the introduction of PLGA and CMC also enabled a formation of initial porous structure in the cements,where PLGA nanofiber endowed the cement with a dynamically controllable biodegradability which provided room for cell movement and bone ingrowth.Inter-estingly,the reinforced biodegradable cement afforded a sustainable provision of Ca^(2+)bioactive components,together with its porous structure,to improve synergistically new bone formation and osteo-integration in vivo by using a rat model of femur condyle defect.Further study on regenerative mechanisms indicated that the good minimally-invasive bone regeneration may come from the synergistic enhanced osteogenic effect of calcium ion enrichment and the improved revascularization capacity contributed from the porosity as well as the lactic acid released from PLGA nanofiber.These results indicate the injectable bone cement with high strength,anti-washout property and controllable biodegradability is a promising candidate for bone regeneration in a minimally-invasive approach.展开更多
The genetic diversity of Artemisia halodendron(Asteraceae), a constructive and dominant species in Horqin Sandy Land,was investigated to examine the genetic relationships with different hydrothermal regions in Horqin ...The genetic diversity of Artemisia halodendron(Asteraceae), a constructive and dominant species in Horqin Sandy Land,was investigated to examine the genetic relationships with different hydrothermal regions in Horqin Sandy Land. We sequenced chloroplast DNA(cp DNA) fragments(trn L–F) of 243 plants from 10 populations across the Horqin Sandy Land.The analyses of cp DNA variation identified seven haplotypes. A low level of haplotype diversity(H_d=0.706) and nucleotide diversity(π=0.0013) was detected. Haplotypes clustered into two tentative clades. Low genetic differentiation among regions was consistently indicated by hierarchical analyses of molecular variance(AMOVA). Across the sampled populations, the haplotype distributions were differentiated with hydrothermal gradients.展开更多
Caragana microphylla is the most dominant and constructive shrub species in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China. We evaluated the level of genetic variation within and among C. microphylla populations sampled ...Caragana microphylla is the most dominant and constructive shrub species in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China. We evaluated the level of genetic variation within and among C. microphylla populations sampled from three different temperature gradients in the Horqin Sandy Land by using inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism (ISSR) molecular markers. The results show that eight ISSR primers generated 127 bands, of which 123 (96.85%) were polymorphic. At the species level, genetic diversity was relatively high (P = 96.85%, h = 0.3143, I = 0.4790). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the Subp6 population from low temperature regions, whereas the lowest diversity was found in the Subp2 population from high temperature regions. Six populations of C. microphylla clustered into two clades. These results have important implications for restoring and managing the degraded ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
Ferroptosis,a unique modality of cell death with mechanistic and morphological differences from other cell death modes,plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis and offers a new opportunity for modulating antic...Ferroptosis,a unique modality of cell death with mechanistic and morphological differences from other cell death modes,plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis and offers a new opportunity for modulating anticancer drug resistance.Aberrant epigenetic modifications and posttranslational modifications(PTMs)promote anticancer drug resistance,cancer progression,and metastasis.Accumulating studies indicate that epigenetic modifications can transcriptionally and translationally determine cancer cell vulnerability to ferroptosis and that ferroptosis functions as a driver in nervous system diseases(NSDs),cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),liver diseases,lung diseases,and kidney diseases.In this review,we first summarize the core molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis.Then,the roles of epigenetic processes,including histone PTMs,DNA methylation,and noncoding RNA regulation and PTMs,such as phosphorylation,ubiquitination,SUMOylation,acetylation,methylation,and ADP-ribosylation,are concisely discussed.The roles of epigenetic modifications and PTMs in ferroptosis regulation in the genesis of diseases,including cancers,NSD,CVDs,liver diseases,lung diseases,and kidney diseases,as well as the application of epigenetic and PTM modulators in the therapy of these diseases,are then discussed in detail.Elucidating the mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation mediated by epigenetic modifications and PTMs in cancer and other diseases will facilitate the development of promising combination therapeutic regimens containing epigenetic or PTM-targeting agents and ferroptosis inducers that can be used to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer and could be used to prevent other diseases.In addition,these mechanisms highlight potential therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance in cancer or halt the genesis of other diseases.展开更多
The estrogen signaling system is a crucial regulator of metabolicandphysiologicalprocesses.However,abnormal activation of estrogen signaling may play a role in breast cancer initiation and progression.Crucial to this ...The estrogen signaling system is a crucial regulator of metabolicandphysiologicalprocesses.However,abnormal activation of estrogen signaling may play a role in breast cancer initiation and progression.Crucial to this pathway is the interaction between estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and various co-transcription activators.1 Although numerous studies have investigated ER coregulators,the protein-protein interaction networks of ERa are not fully understood.Recent research has shown that high chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 4(CHD4)expression is linked to poor prognosis in various cancers.2,?In this study,we demonstrated that both CHD4 and ERαcontribute to breast cancer progression while providing evidence of the regulatory processes and functional interplay between these two proteins.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421303)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2011BAC07B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40871004)
文摘Optimal partitioning theory (OPT) suggests that plants should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limited resources. The assumption of this theory is that plants trade off the biomass allocation between leaves, stems and roots. However, variations in biomass allocation among plant parts can also occur as a plant grows in size. As an alternative approach, allometric biomass partitioning theory (APT) asserts that plants should trade off their biomass between roots, stems and leaves. This approach can minimize bias when comparing biomass allocation patterns by accounting for plant size in the analysis. We analyzed the biomass allo- cation strategy of perennial Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel in the Horqin Sand Land of northern China by treating samples with different availabilities of soil nutrients and water, adding snow in winter and water in summer. We hypothesized that P. centrasiaticum alters its pattern of biomass allocation strategy in response to different levels of soil water content and soil nitrogen content. We used standardized major axis (SMA) to analyze the allometric rela- tionship (slope) and intercept between biomass traits (root, stem, leaf and total biomass) of nitrogen/water treat- ments. Taking plant size into consideration, no allometric relationships between different organs were significantly affected by differing soil water and soil nitrogen levels, while the biomass allocation strategy of P. centrasiaticum was affected by soil water levels, but not by soil nitrogen levels. The plasticity of roots, leaves and root/shoot ratios was 'true' in response to fluctuations in soil water content, but the plasticity of stems was consistent for trade-offs between the effects of water and plant size. Plants allocated relatively more biomass to roots and less to leaves when snow was added in winter. A similar trend was observed when water was added in summer. The plasticity of roots, stems and leaves was a function of plant size, and remained unchanged in response to different soil nitrogen levels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41201249)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions (No.SKLFSE201203)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Support Program (No.2011BAC07B02)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-EW-QN313)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2009CB421303)
文摘The ability of psammophyte photosynthesis to withstand and recover from severe droughts is crucial for vegetation sta- bility in semi-arid sandy lands. The responses of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of an annual grass, Digitaria ciliaris, were measured through three soil drought and rewatering cycles. Results showed that the net photosynthesis rate (P,) decreased by 92%, 95%, and 63% at end of the three drought periods, respectively, water use efficiency (WUE) decreased by 67%, 54%, and 48%, while the constant intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased by 1.08, 0.88, and 0.45 times. During those three cycles, the trapping probability with no dark adaptation (Fv'/Fm') decreased by 55%, 51%, and 9%, the electron transport per cross section (ET0'/CS0') decreased by 63%0, 42%, and 18%, and the dissipation per cross section (DI0'/CS0') increased by 97%, 96%, and 21%. These results indicated that D. ciliaris was subjected to photoinhi- bition and some non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis under drought. However, after four days of rewatering, its photosynthetic characteristics were restored to control values. This capability to recover from drought may contribute to making the plant's use of water as efficient as possible. Furthermore, the photosynthesis decreased more slowly in the subsequent drought cycles than in the first cycle, allowing D. ciliaris to enhance its future drought tolerance after drought hardening. Thus, it acclimatizes itself to repeated soil drought.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R and D Program of China(2016YFC0500901 and 2016YFC0500907)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971466 and 41807525)the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y551821).
文摘Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys,and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC).Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer(0 to 20 cm)in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone,we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging(OK),universal kriging(UK),inverse distance weighting(IDW)and radial basis function(RBF)and random subsampling(50,100,200,300,400,and 500)on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation.When the Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI)and Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI)was 2.01 and 0.67,the OK method appeared to be a superior method,which had the smallest root mean square error(RMSE)and the mean error(ME)nearest to zero.On the contrary,the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study.The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction;50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy.Thus,we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density(SOCD)by the OK method.The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt,and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m2.The SOCD kg/(C⋅m2)of different land use types were in the following order:woodland(3.29)>grassland(2.35)>cropland(2.19)>sandy land(1.55).
基金funded by a Chinese National Key Project for Basic Scientific Research (2009CB421303)a Chinese National Fund Project (30972422)
文摘To understand the effects of grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in northem China, a livestock field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that sustained heavy grazing resulted in serious degradation of the vegetation; moderate grazing can maintain vegetation stabilization; and light grazing can promote rapid restoration of degraded vegetation. The livestock productivity was the highest in the moderate grazing grassland, and sustained heavy grazing resulted in rapid decrease of the livestock productivity. Heavy grazing can cause a retrogressive succession of grassland vegetation, whereas moderate and light grazing may promote progressive succession of plant species. The effects of changing climate on succession processes were not significant in the short term; a warm-humid climate is favorable to restoration of degraded vegetation, whereas a sustained warm-drought climate may result in degradation of grassland vegetation. Heavy livestock grazing should be stopped for the sustainable use of grassland; the proper grazing intensity for sandy grassland is two to three sheep or sheep equivalents per hectare in Inner Mongolia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81070982, 81201400Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology, No. 10JCZDJC18800, 13JCQNJC11100the Research Foundation of Tianjin Health Bureau, No. 09kz104
文摘X-irradiation has a beneficial effect in treating spinal cord injury. We supposed that X-irradiation could improve the microenvironment at the site of a spinal cord injury and inhibit glial scar formation. Thus, this study was designed to observe the effects of 8 Gy X-irradiation on the injury site at 6 hours and 2, 4, 7, and 14 days post injury, in terms of improvement in the microenvironment and hind limb motor function. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of macrophage marker ED-1 and the area with glial scar formation were reduced. In addition, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score was higher at 7 days post injury relative to the other time points post injury. Results indicated that X-irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy can inhibit glial scar formation and alleviate the inflammatory reaction, thereby repairing spinal cord injury. X-irradiation at 7 days post spinal cord injury may be the best time window.
基金study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41773086,42042024,31400392,31670477)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province,China(18JR2RA026).
文摘Bacteria constitute a large proportion of the biodiversity in soils and control many important processes in terrestrial ecosystems.However,our understanding of the interactions between soil bacteria and environmental factors remains limited,especially in sensitive and fragile ecosystems.In this study,geographic patterns of bacterial diversity across four sandy grasslands along a 1,600 km north-south transect in northern China were characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Then,we analyzed the driving factors behind the patterns in bacterial diversity.The results show that of the 21 phyla detected,the most abundant were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Fir‐micutes(average relative abundance>5%).Soil bacterial operational taxonomic unit(OTU)numbers(richness)and Faith's phylogenetic diversity(diversity)were highest in the Otindag Sandy Land and lowest in the Mu Us Sandy Land.Soil electrical conductivity(EC)was the most influential factor driving bacterial richness and diversity.The bacterial communities differed significantly among the four sandy grasslands,and the bacterial community structure was signifi‐cantly affected by environmental factors and geographic distance.Of the environmental variables examined,climatic factors(mean annual temperature and precipitation)and edaphic properties(pH and EC)explained the highest propor‐tion of the variation in bacterial community structure.Biotic factors such as plant species richness and aboveground bio‐mass exhibited weak but significant associations with bacterial richness and diversity.Our findings revealed the impor‐tant role of climate and salinity factors in controlling bacterial richness and diversity;understanding these roles is critical for predicting the impacts of climate change and promoting sustainable management strategies for ecosystem services in these sandy lands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62001023,61922013)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4232013).
文摘To obtain excellent regression results under the condition of small sample hyperspectral data,a deep neural network with simulated annealing(SA-DNN)is proposed.According to the characteristics of data,the attention mechanism was applied to make the network pay more attention to effective features,thereby improving the operating efficiency.By introducing an improved activation function,the data correlation was reduced based on increasing the operation rate,and the problem of over-fitting was alleviated.By introducing simulated annealing,the network chose the optimal learning rate by itself,which avoided falling into the local optimum to the greatest extent.To evaluate the performance of the SA-DNN,the coefficient of determination(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE),and other metrics were used to evaluate the model.The results show that the performance of the SA-DNN is significantly better than other traditional methods.
文摘1 Introduction The proposal of the concept of“New Power System”aims to illustrate the transform direction of the traditional power system,acting as the development core of the future new power grid.To achieve this,the proposed strategic targets of“carbon neutralization and carbon peaking”must be implemented and insisted[1].The core feature of the new power system is that renewable energy plays a leading role and becomes the main source of energy supply,meanwhile,the goal of green energy utilization has also been put forward on the agenda.Green energy utilization includes two aspects,one is the exploitation and promotion of various green energy technologies,and the other is the digitalization of energy management.Under this trend,stochastic and fluctuating energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power replace deterministic controllable power sources such as thermal power,bringing challenges to power grid regulation and dispatching,as well as flexible operation.The large-scale integration of renewable energy and increasingly high proportion of power electronic equipment tend to bring about fundamental changes in the operation characteristics,safety control,and production mode of the power system.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program (Y113911001)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050406)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270501, 30970471)
文摘Nutrient resorption is an important conservation mechanism for plants to overcome nutrient limitation in the less fertile area of desertifled land. In the semi-arid Horqin Sandy Land of Northern China, the shrub Artemisia ha/odendron usually colonizes into the bare ground of severely desertified land as a pioneer species. It is, therefore, expected that A. ha/odendron will be less dependent on current nutrient uptake through efficient and proficient re- sorption of nutrients. In this study, we found that averaged nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in se- nesced leaves significantly varied from 12.3 and 1.2 mg/g in the shifting sand dune to 15.9 and 1.9 mg/g in the fixed sand dune, respectively, suggesting that foliar N and P resorption of A. ha/odendron were more proficient in the shifting sand dune. In particular, positive relationships between nutrient concentrations in senesced leaves and soil nutrient availability indicate that A. ha/odendron in infertile habitats is more likely to manage with a low level of nu- trients in senesced leaves, giving this species an advantage in infertile soil. Moreover, foliar N- and P-resorption efficiencies and proficiencies showed limited inter-annual variability although annual precipitation varied greatly among 2007-2009. However, N and P resorption of A. ha/oc/endron were not more efficient and proficient than those previously reported for other shrubs, indicating that the pioneer shrub in sand dune environments does not rely more heavily than other plants on the process of resorption to conserve nutrients. Incomplete resorption of nutrients in A. halodendron suggests that senesced-leaf fall would return litter with high quality to the soil, and thereby would indirectly improve soil nutrient availability. The restoration of desertified land, therefore, may be ac- celerated after A. halodendron pioneers into shifting sand dunes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41271007, 31260089, and 31560161)the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y551821002)
文摘The Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China was originally a grassland with plenty of water and lush vegetation dominated by palatable grass species along with sparsely scattered woody species. However, it has experienced severe desertification in recent decades due to its fragile ecology together with inappropriate human activities. Currently, the landscape of the Horqin Sandy Land is dominated by irrigated croplands and sand dunes with different degrees of vegetation cover, as the region has become the most important part of the semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this study, we compared soil physical and chemical properties under different land-use and cover types (irrigated cropland, rainfed cropland, sandy grassland, fixed dunes, and mobile dunes). We found that soil particle size distribution; organic C, total N, and total mineral element, microelement, and available microelement and nutrient contents; pH; CEC; and bulk density differed significantly among the land-use and cover types. In general, soil quality was highest in the cropland, intermediate in the sandy grassland, and lowest in the dunes. The most important soil quality attribute, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, decreased in the fol-lowing order: irrigated cropland (5,699 g/m^2) 〉 sandy grassland (3,390 g/m^2) 〉 rainfed cropland (2,411 g/m^2) 〉 fixed dunes (821 g/m^2) 〉 mobile dunes (463 g/m^2). SOC was significantly positively correlated with a large proportion of the other soil physico-chemical parameters. Our results suggest that the key issue in restoration of the degraded soils will be to increase SOC storage, which would also create a high potential for sequestering soil C in desertified areas of the Horqin Sandy Land.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150402)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD22B01)111 project of Chinese Education Ministry(B12007)。
文摘Erratic rainfall and misalignment between the rainy season and the growing season of winter wheat greatly limit rainfed winter wheat yield in the Loess Plateau of China. To increase the grain yield of winter wheat in this region, the effects of different agronomic practices, including adjusting planting pattern(NR, narrow row spacing), increasing seeding rate(high seeding rate, HS), decreasing basal nitrogen rate and increasing top-dressed nitrogen rate(DBN), and replacing an old cultivar with a new cultivar(NC) on wheat yield were investigated for two consecutive years. The results showed that the current grain yield of rainfed winter wheat in the Loess Plateau could be increased to 5879–7093 kg ha^(-1) by HS, DBN and NC practices relative to the practice of high-yielding farmers(PF). The increased yield due to HS, DBN and NC was attributed to the higher number of spikes ha^(-1), 1000-grain weight, and kernels spike^(-1). Before the flowering stage, HS increased soil water consumption(SWC) in 1–3 m subsoil due to the higher plant population compared with that of PF, whereas DBN decreased SWC in the 0–2 m soil layer compared with that of PF. After the flowering stage, HS, DBN, and NC increased SWC by 8–16 mm in 2–3 m subsoil compared to PF. The water use efficiency(WUE) was increased under DBN and NC in comparison with PF.However, the WUE did not increase under HS as it had the highest evapotranspiration among the five treatments. Increasing the use of subsoil water during the late growth stage by optimizing agronomic practices or applying new cultivars with expansive roots should be the primary approach to increase rainfed winter wheat yield in this region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271007,31170413)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2011BAC07B02)
文摘China's Horqin Sandy Land,a formerly lush grassland,has experienced extensive desertification that caused considerable carbon(C) losses from the plant-soil system.Natural restoration through grazing exclusion is a widely suggested option to sequester C and to restore degraded land.In a desertified grassland,we investigated the C accumulation in the total and light fractions of the soil organic matter from 2005 to 2013 during natural restoration.To a depth of 20 cm,the light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) storage increased by 221 g C/m2(84%) and the total soil organic carbon(SOC) storage increased by 435 g C/m2(55%).The light fraction dry matter content represented a small proportion of the total soil mass(ranging from 0.74% in 2005 to 1.39% in 2013),but the proportion of total SOC storage accounted for by LFOC was remarkable(ranging from 33% to 40%).The C sequestration averaged 28 g C/(m2·a) for LFOC and 54 g C/(m2·a) for total SOC.The total SOC was strongly and significantly positively linearly related to the light fraction dry matter content and the proportions of fine sand and silt+clay.The light fraction organic matter played a major role in total SOC sequestration.Our results suggest that grazing exclusion can restore desertified grassland and has a high potential for sequestering SOC in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land.
基金funded by NSFC(Grant No.41271025)the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province,China (2012001)
文摘By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE-SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast China. By means of remote sensing imagery analysis and field observation as well as a comparison with a small-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower Xiangshui River, analogous to the case of the lower Laoha River, this paper presents a new mechanism for its origin and development. The results show that: (1) the large-scale dunefield bears a tile-style framework overwhelmingly composed of transverse barchanoid ridges perpendicular to the predominant winds, and inlaid diverse blowouts. (2) The small-scale dunefield, referred to as a primary structural unit of the large one, is typical of an incipient dunefield, following the same rules of evolution as the larger. (3) A succession of barchanoid ridge chains can steadily migrate downwind in much the same manner as surface wave propagation in air or water stimulated by an incised valley, and ultimately tend to bear roughly the same wavelength and amplitude under stable climate and hydrologic regimes. (4) The first ridge chain acquires its sand source substantially from the downwind escarpments exposing the loose Quaternary sandy sediments to the air, while the ensuing ridges derive their sands dominantly from in situ deflation of the underlain Quaternary loose sandy sediments in blowouts, partly from the upwind ridges through northern elongated horns. Theoretically, the sands from riparian escarpments can be transported by wind to the downwind distal end of a dunefield after sufficient long du- ration. (5) The lower Laohahe region experienced probably three significant climatic changes in the past, corresponding to the three active dune belts, suggesting that once a large-scale dunefield occurs, it is nearly impossible to be completely stabilized, at least in its central portions. At present, seasonal shrinkage and stagnation of the lower Laoha River, wide-spread farming and afforestation in the valley, and establishing windbreaks downwind of the valley as well as surrounding the dunefield, appear to have significantly modified local flow fields and sand sources, engendering significant degradation of the dunefield.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0201500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772317,82272457 and 51973060)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(51621002)“Technology Innovation Action Plan”of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(21S11902700)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1412300)Shanghai Talent Development Fund(2020067)Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program(Youth Medical Talents–Specialist Program,[2020]087).
文摘Injectable materials show their special merits in regeneration of damaged/degenerated bones in minimally-invasive approach.Injectable calcium phosphate bone cement(CPC)has attracted broad attention for its bioactivity,as compared to non-degradable polymethyl methacrylate cement.However,its brittleness,poor anti-washout property and uncontrollable biodegradability are the main challenges to limit its further clinical application mainly because of its stone-like dense structure and fragile inorganic-salt weakness.Herein,we developed a kind of injectable CPC bone cement with porous structure and improved robustness by incorporating poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanofiber into CPC,with carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)to offer good injectability as well as anti-wash-out capacity.Furthermore,the introduction of PLGA and CMC also enabled a formation of initial porous structure in the cements,where PLGA nanofiber endowed the cement with a dynamically controllable biodegradability which provided room for cell movement and bone ingrowth.Inter-estingly,the reinforced biodegradable cement afforded a sustainable provision of Ca^(2+)bioactive components,together with its porous structure,to improve synergistically new bone formation and osteo-integration in vivo by using a rat model of femur condyle defect.Further study on regenerative mechanisms indicated that the good minimally-invasive bone regeneration may come from the synergistic enhanced osteogenic effect of calcium ion enrichment and the improved revascularization capacity contributed from the porosity as well as the lactic acid released from PLGA nanofiber.These results indicate the injectable bone cement with high strength,anti-washout property and controllable biodegradability is a promising candidate for bone regeneration in a minimally-invasive approach.
基金supported by research projects 2016YFC0500907,2017FY100205,41201561,Y551821001,and 145RJYA269
文摘The genetic diversity of Artemisia halodendron(Asteraceae), a constructive and dominant species in Horqin Sandy Land,was investigated to examine the genetic relationships with different hydrothermal regions in Horqin Sandy Land. We sequenced chloroplast DNA(cp DNA) fragments(trn L–F) of 243 plants from 10 populations across the Horqin Sandy Land.The analyses of cp DNA variation identified seven haplotypes. A low level of haplotype diversity(H_d=0.706) and nucleotide diversity(π=0.0013) was detected. Haplotypes clustered into two tentative clades. Low genetic differentiation among regions was consistently indicated by hierarchical analyses of molecular variance(AMOVA). Across the sampled populations, the haplotype distributions were differentiated with hydrothermal gradients.
基金financially supported by One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and research projects--41201561,2011BAC07B02,Y351151001 and 145RJYA269
文摘Caragana microphylla is the most dominant and constructive shrub species in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China. We evaluated the level of genetic variation within and among C. microphylla populations sampled from three different temperature gradients in the Horqin Sandy Land by using inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism (ISSR) molecular markers. The results show that eight ISSR primers generated 127 bands, of which 123 (96.85%) were polymorphic. At the species level, genetic diversity was relatively high (P = 96.85%, h = 0.3143, I = 0.4790). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the Subp6 population from low temperature regions, whereas the lowest diversity was found in the Subp2 population from high temperature regions. Six populations of C. microphylla clustered into two clades. These results have important implications for restoring and managing the degraded ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金supported by National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs (2006BAC01A12)China National Key Project for basic scientific research (2009CB421102)one project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870426)
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271895,82072752,and 81172498)the Science Foundation of AMHT(2020YK02,2021YK05,2022YK01)+3 种基金the Science Foundation of CASIC(2020-LCYL-009)the Science Foundation of ASCH(YN202104,YN202305)the Hygiene and Health Development Scientific Research Fostering Plan of Haidian District Beijing(HP2021-19-50701)Key Programs of Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2019H009).
文摘Ferroptosis,a unique modality of cell death with mechanistic and morphological differences from other cell death modes,plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis and offers a new opportunity for modulating anticancer drug resistance.Aberrant epigenetic modifications and posttranslational modifications(PTMs)promote anticancer drug resistance,cancer progression,and metastasis.Accumulating studies indicate that epigenetic modifications can transcriptionally and translationally determine cancer cell vulnerability to ferroptosis and that ferroptosis functions as a driver in nervous system diseases(NSDs),cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),liver diseases,lung diseases,and kidney diseases.In this review,we first summarize the core molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis.Then,the roles of epigenetic processes,including histone PTMs,DNA methylation,and noncoding RNA regulation and PTMs,such as phosphorylation,ubiquitination,SUMOylation,acetylation,methylation,and ADP-ribosylation,are concisely discussed.The roles of epigenetic modifications and PTMs in ferroptosis regulation in the genesis of diseases,including cancers,NSD,CVDs,liver diseases,lung diseases,and kidney diseases,as well as the application of epigenetic and PTM modulators in the therapy of these diseases,are then discussed in detail.Elucidating the mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation mediated by epigenetic modifications and PTMs in cancer and other diseases will facilitate the development of promising combination therapeutic regimens containing epigenetic or PTM-targeting agents and ferroptosis inducers that can be used to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer and could be used to prevent other diseases.In addition,these mechanisms highlight potential therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance in cancer or halt the genesis of other diseases.
基金We thank Professor Wei Cheng(Dalian Medical University)for generously offering T47D,MCF7,ZR-75-1,and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells and Professor WeiGuo Zhu(Peking University Health Science Center)for providing the full-length human Flag-CHD4,GFP-CHD4,and GST-CHD4 plasmids.
文摘The estrogen signaling system is a crucial regulator of metabolicandphysiologicalprocesses.However,abnormal activation of estrogen signaling may play a role in breast cancer initiation and progression.Crucial to this pathway is the interaction between estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and various co-transcription activators.1 Although numerous studies have investigated ER coregulators,the protein-protein interaction networks of ERa are not fully understood.Recent research has shown that high chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 4(CHD4)expression is linked to poor prognosis in various cancers.2,?In this study,we demonstrated that both CHD4 and ERαcontribute to breast cancer progression while providing evidence of the regulatory processes and functional interplay between these two proteins.