Cases Report of Atypical Aortic Dissection

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the common causes of fatal chest pain in emergency medicine. The main and most common clinical manifestation is pain, with about 90% of patients experiencing sudden persistent, tearing or cutting-like pain in the chest or back. However, there have also been reports of myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, syncope, shock, stroke, paraplegia and other cases. Clinical misdiagnosis is common. Aim: Alert clinicians to aortic dissection with shock and chest tightness as the main clinical presentations. Case Presentation: Report on two cases of aortic dissection with syncope and shock as the main manifestations. Conclusion: Aortic dissection is a highly dangerous cardiovascular emergency with a high mortality rate. In clinical practice, awareness of the clinical manifestations of aortic dissection should be increased. Careful inquiry about medical history, attention to atypical clinical presentations of aortic dissection, thorough physical examination, and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation can improve the success rate of diagnosing aortic dissection.

Potential value of detection of minimal residual disease in colorectal cancer following radical resection

Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of concern is the lack of reliable tumor markers to predict treatment efficacy and guide tailored care.Due to its dynamic,effective,and non-invasive benefits over tissue biopsy,the detection of minimal or molecular residual lesions(MRD)based on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is beneficial to the clinical development of drugs for patients with CRC after radical treatment,as well as for continuous monitoring of tumor recurrence and malignancy molecular gene evolution.The detection of ctDNA can currently be used to guide individual postoperative auxiliary treatment decisions(upgrade or downgrade treatment)in CRC,stratify the risk of clinical recurrence more precisely,and predict the risk of recurrence in advance of imaging examination,according to a large number of observational or prospective clinical studies.With increasing clarity comes the possibility of selecting a regimen of treatment based on postoperative ctDNA,which also improves the accuracy of clinical recurrence risk assessment for CRC.Therefore,it is anticipated that the identification of ctDNA would alter the current framework for dealing with CRC and lead to individualized,stratified precision therapy;however,additional confirmation will require subsequent high-quality,prospective,large-scale randomized controlled studies.This article will provide an overview of the definition and clinical significance of MRD,the primary indications and technological challenges for MRD detection,along with the advancement in clinical research about ctDNA detection following radical resection of the CRC.

Petrology, geochemistry and Ar-Ar geochronology of eclogites in Jinshajiang orogenic belt, Gonjo area, eastern Tibet and restriction on Paleo-Tethyan evolution

As one of the important Paleo-Tethys suture zones in eastern Tibet,the Jinshajiang orogenic belt is of great significance to study the tectonic evolution of the main suture zone of Paleo-Tethys.In this paper,eclogites developed in the Jinshajiang suture zone in Gonjo area,eastern Tibet,are selected as specific research objects,and petrological,geochemical and Ar-Ar geochronological analyses are carried out.The major element data of the whole rock reveals that the eclogite samples have the characteristics of picritic basalt-basalt and belong to the oceanic low potassium tholeiites.The results of rare earth elements and trace elements of the samples show that the protoliths of eclogites have characteristics similar to oceanic island basalt(OIB)or normal mid ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB).Muscovite(phengite)from two eclogite samples yield the Ar-Ar plateau ages of 247±2 Ma and 248±2 Ma respectively,representing the peak metamorphic age of eclogite facies and the timing of complete closure of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethys Ocean.Muscovite and biotite selected from the hosting rocks of eclogite yield the Ar-Ar plateau ages are 238±2 Ma and 225±2 Ma respectively,reflecting the exhumation age of eclogites and their hosting rocks.Combined with the zircon U-Pb dating data(244 Ma)of eclogites obtained in previous work,it can be concluded that the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethys ocean was completely closed and arc-continent collision was initiated at about 248-244 Ma(T21).Subsequently,due to the large-scale arc(continent)-collision orogeney between Deqin-Weixi continental margin arc and Zhongza block(T31-T32),the eclogites were rapidly uplifted to the shallow crust.

不同治疗对肺癌患者血液循环游离DNA检测EGFR基因突变的影响及预后分析

背景与目的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变与肺腺癌患者TKI靶向治疗疗效和预后密切相关,常规组织分析其突变状态有诸多局限。本研究旨在探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者血液循环游离DNA(cell-free DNA,cfDNA)检测EGFR基因突变在治疗前、传统化疗以及靶向治疗后的表达差异。分析血液cfDNA是否能准确检测EGFR基因突变并监测耐药基因T790M的变化,以及TKI在靶向治疗患者中的预后价值。方法应用ARMS(amplification refractory mutation system)法检测107例(50例治疗前、29例传统化疗和28例靶向治疗)肺癌患者配对血液和肿瘤组织样本的EGFR基因突变并比较其表达差异;计算检测的一致性、敏感性和特异性;分析血检对靶向治疗患者的预后价值。结果血浆cfDNA检测EGFR总突变率在107例肺癌患者中为56%(60例),而配对肿瘤组织样本检出率为77.6%(83例)。一一配对比较发现两者总体一致率为68.2%。血检的敏感性是72.3%,特异性为100%。依据治疗状态分组后发现治疗前组患者血液和肿瘤组织样本的检测一致率最高(74%,37/50),而靶向组一致率最低(57.1%,16/28),提示靶向治疗改变血浆cfDNA中EGFR基因状态。具体分析靶向组不一致病例发现50%新检出含T790M的双突变,提示靶向治疗后耐药基因出现。生存分析证实血检含T790M双突变组的无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)均显著低于无T790M突变组。结论应用ARMS法检测血液循环游离DNA(circulating cell-free DNA,cfDNA)的EGFR基因突变是一种特异性高、敏感性好的检测方法。适用于治疗前晚期肺癌患者的EGFR基因突变状态检测。同时,适用于靶向治疗后监测T790M耐药突变状态及预测患者预后。

肠道菌群中苷水解酶的研究进展

苷水解酶是水解苷类化合物的一类酶,对苷类化合物在肠道中的代谢转化具有重要作用,但机体自身基因编码表达的苷水解酶的数量有限,绝大部分苷水解酶由肠道菌群基因编码产生.肠道菌群及其分泌的苷水解酶参与了苷类化合物的脱糖转化并提高其生物利用度,大多数苷类化合物经脱糖转化后生成药效更强的次级苷或苷元从而提高生物利用度,也有少数产生毒性.本文综述了苷水解酶的定义、种类、肠道微生物来源和其对苷类化合物的转化,并探讨了肠道菌群、苷水解酶及苷脱糖转化产物之间的关系,为实现苷水解酶及苷转化产物的高效生产、挖掘新药资源提供参考.

中医药对肠道微生态的影响

中医药(traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)治疗(中药治疗、针灸治疗、推拿治疗等)在临床上应用广泛、疗效显著,同时越来越多的研究表明众多疾病的预防、发生和治疗都与肠道微生态有关,TCM与肠道微生态关系的研究也越来越多.TCM治疗的基础理论与微生态学的很多理论和观点一致,从两者一致的基础理论出发,对TCM治疗与肠道微生态的关系进行综述,对从肠道微生态出发探讨TCM治疗临床疾病的机理具有重要意义.本文论述TCM治疗与肠道微生态的关系,以及TCM治疗对肠道微生态的影响,以此为中医治疗的传统手段治疗肠道微生态相关的疾病提供新的理论与依据.旨在促进TCM的现代化研究,促进TCM的临床应用和全球化.

Effects of biochar-based fertilizers on nutrient leaching in a tobacco-planting soil

Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields.

Mechanism and application on sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide with combined collectors

The effect of sodium butyl xanthate (NaBX) and dodecylamine (DDA) as combined collector on the sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide was investigated by flotation test, fluorescent pyrene probe, zeta potential, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The micro-flotation results show that combined use of NaBX+DDA yields better effect than using NaBX at pH 7-11 only, and the optimal molar ratio of NaBX to DDA is 2: 1. The actual ores flotation shows that when the dosage of NaBX+DDA is (100+54) g/t, the copper concentrate grade and recovery are 15.93% and 76.73%, respectively. The fluorescent pyrene probe test demonstrates that the NaBX+DDA can reduce the micelle concentration in the pulp. The zeta potential and the infrared spectroscopy analyses indicate that chemical adsorption, hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction can help to adsorb NaBX+DDA on the surface of malachite. Meantime, copper xanthate and copper-amine complexes may be generated during the adsorption process.

Interactive effect of minerals on complex ore flotation: A brief review

Froth flotation is the most effective industrial method used to separate fine-grained minerals. The main problem of complex ore flotation is the negative effect of interactions among minerals in slurry, leading to variation in surface properties during separation. In this review,studies on the interactive effect among minerals on the flotation of iron ores, magnesite ores, and scheelite ores are summarized, and the main problems and mechanisms that diminish the separation efficiency of minerals are revealed in detail. Recent research progress on the flotation of these ores has confirmed that mineral aggregation, coating, and dissolution, as well as other factors caused by interacting behavior, explain the depressing effects of fine particles on mineral separation. Solvable methods for these effects are further discussed. Novel flotation processes and more selective reagents are critical for further investigations on various approaches to improve the beneficiation efficiency of these ores.This review aims to provide a good reference for conducting studies related to complex ore flotation.

Discovery of eclogites in Jinsha River suture zone, Gonjo County, eastern Tibet and its restriction on Paleo-Tethyan evolution

As the important component of the eastern Tethys tectonic region,the Jinsha River-Ailao Mountain suture zone is often considered to be an ophiolitic mé1ange belt.However,the P-T-t path and chronological framework of the metamorphic evolution in the collisional orogenetic process of this zone are still poorly understood owing to the lack of metamorphism research of symbolic high-pressure rocks.During a regional geological survey on a scale of 1:50000 in Gonjo County,Tibet Autonomous Region involved in this paper,(retrograde)eclogites lenses of different scales were found in Jinsha River suture zone,eastern Tibet for the first time.The(retrograde)eclogites can be divided into garnet-albite-chlorite-actinolite schists and eclogites according to retrograde degrees.The mainly mineral components of eclogites include garnet(45%-50%),clinopyroxene(about 25%),and hornblende(5%-10%)primarily,and biotite,quartz,rutile,and muscovite secondarily.According to the data of electron probe micro analysis(EPMA),clinopyroxenes feature high content of Na2O(5.6%-6%)and corresponding jadeite(Jd)molecules of 37%-44%,and they fall within the omphacite region in Quad-Jd-Ae diagram.The temperature and pressure of the metamorphism at peak are P≈2.2-2.34 GPa and T≈622-688℃respectively as measured with geobarometry Grt-Omp-Phe and geothermometer Grt-Omp.This will provide a new reference for the understanding of Paleo-Tethyan evolution.In this paper,two samples of eclogites were chosen for LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and their 206pb/238U ages obtained are 240±3 Ma and 244±1 Ma respectively.Furthermore,the zircons feature extremely low Th/U ratio(<0.01),extremely low content ofNb,Ta,and HREE,and invisible negative Eu anomaly.Therefore,the genesis of the zircons shall be eclogites-facies metamorphism,indicating that the 240-245 Ma determined in this paper shall be the age of eclogites-facies metamorphism and may represent the westward subduction-collision epoch of Paleo-Tethys Ocean located between Zhongza Block and Qamdo Block.

Diagnostic significance of TCR gene clonal rearrangement analysis in early mycosis fungoides

Mycosis fungoides(MF),the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma,has various unspecific clinical and histological characteristics.Its early diagnosis is challenging.The application of T-cell receptor(TCR) gene clonal rearrangement to the diagnosis of MF has been widely studied.In this study,we used polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to investigate the diagnostic significance of detecting TCR-γ and-β gene clonal rearrangement in the early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides.PCR for TCR-γ and TCR-β gene rearrangement was performed on 19 patients with suspected early MF,6 with typical MF,and 6 with chronic dermatitis.Of the 19 patients with suspected early MF,13 had TCR-γ gene clonal rearrangement,whereas none had TCR-β gene clonal rearrangement.All patients with typical MF had TCR gene clonal rearrangement,in which 4 showed TCR-γ clonal rearrangement,1 showed TCR-β gene clonal rearrangements,and 1 showed both.No patients with chronic dermatitis had TCR gene clonal rearrangement.These results indicate that TCR gene clonal rearrangement analysis is a useful tool in diagnosing early MF.TCR-γ gene is recommended to the routine analysis,whereas TCR-β gene has potential in combination toward intractable cases.

Down-staging depth score to predict outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer achieving ypl stage after neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy versus de novo stage pl cohort:A propensity score-matched analysis

Objective：Prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer（LARC）but achieving yp T1–2N0 stage after neoadjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy（CRT）has been shown to be favorable.This study aims to determine whether the long-term outcome of yp T1–2N0 cases can be comparable to that of p T1–2N0 cohort that received definitive surgery for early disease.Method：From January 2008 to December 2013,449 consecutive patients with rectal cancer were treated and their outcome maintained in a database.Patients with LARC underwent total mesorectal excision（TME）surgery at4–8 weeks after completion of CRT,and those achieving stage yp I were identified as a group.As a comparison,stage p I group pertains to patients whose initially limited disease was not upstaged after TME surgery alone.After propensity score matching（PSM）,comparisons of local regional control（LC）,distant metastasis-free survival（DMFS）,disease-free survival（DFS）and overall survival（OS）were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test between yp I and p I groups.Down-staging depth score（DDS）,a novel method of evaluating CRT response,was used for subset analysis.Results：Of the 449 patients,168 matched cases were generated for analysis.Five-year LC,DMFS,DFS and OS for stage p I vs.yp I groups were 96.7%vs.96.4%（P=0.796）,92.7%vs.73.6%（P=0.025）,91.2%vs.73.6%（P=0.080）and 93.1%vs.72.3%（P=0.040）,respectively.In the DDS-favorable subset of the yp I group,LC,DMFS,DFS and OS resulted in no significant differences in comparison with the p I group（P=0.384,0.368,0.277 and0.458,respectively）.Conclusions：LC was comparable in both groups;however,distant metastasis developed more frequently in down-staged LARC than de novo early stage cases,reflecting the need to improve the efficacy of systemic treatment despite excellent pathologic response.DDS can be an indicator to identify a subset of the yp I group whose longterm oncologic outcomes are as good as those of stage p I cohort.

融合A*算法与动态窗口法的无人机路径规划研究

在无人机的应用当中,路径规划是其中一项核心技术,是确保无人机高效完成工作的重要保障。A*算法是常用的算法之一,它主导的是全局规划,在无人机航迹规划区域应用很普遍。动态窗口法在局部避障方面应用非常普遍,高度依赖于全局参数。为了给无人机在运行过程中规划一条好的路径,将A*与动态窗口算法融合在一起,建立无人机运动模型,确保全局最优路径的前提下,再进行局部环境的避障。

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area, southeastern Qinghai- Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block,bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south.The Demala Group complex,a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area,is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area.According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis,the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses,biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss,granitic gneiss,amphibolite,mica schist,and quartz schist,with many leucogranite veins.The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205±1 Ma and 218±1 Ma,respectively,representing the ages of their protoliths.The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures.The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644–446 Ma,1213–865 Ma,and 1780–1400 Ma,reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks.The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203±2 Ma to 190±1 Ma,which represent the age of metamorphism.The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma,interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex.Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss,banded gneiss,and leucogranite veins for 40Ar/39Ar dating.The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56±0.21 Ma,16.90±0.21 Ma,and 23.40±0.31 Ma,and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70±0.24 Ma,16.14±0.19 Ma,15.88±0.20 Ma,and 14.39±0.20 Ma.The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex.Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex,the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex.The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series,but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock.Based on the deformation characteristics,the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic,namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic(203–190 Ma)and Oligocene–Miocene(24–14 Ma).The early stage of metamorphism(ranging from 203–190 Ma)was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area.The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage(24–14 Ma)were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone.The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.

Down-staging depth score could be a survival predictor for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy

Objective:The predictive effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT)is low and difficult in guiding individualized treatment.We examined a surrogate endpoint for long-term outcomes in locally advanced gastric cancer patients after preoperative CRT.Methods:From April 2012 to April 2019,95 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received preoperative concurrent CRT and who were enrolled in three prospective studies were included.All patients were stage T_(3/4) N_(+).Local control,distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated.Clinicopathological factors related to long-term prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.The down-staging depth score(DDS),which is a novel method of evaluating CRT response,was used to predict long-term outcomes.Results:The median follow-up period for survivors was 30 months.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve predicted by the DDS was 0.728,which was better than the pathological complete response(pCR),histological response and ypN0.Decision curve analysis further affirmed that DDS had the largest net benefit.The DDS cut-off value was 4.pCR and ypN0 were associated with OS(P=0.026 and 0.049).Surgery and DDS are correlated with DMFS,DFS and OS(surgery:P=0.001,<0.001 and<0.001,respectively;and DDS:P=0.009,0.013 and 0.032,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that DDS was an independent prognostic factor of DFS(P=0.021).Conclusions:DDS is a simple,short-term indicator that was a better surrogate endpoint than pCR,histological response and ypN0 for DFS.

Efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine combined with intensitymodulated radiotherapy after D1/D2 lymph node dissection in patients with gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(ACRT)with oral capecitabine and intensitymodulated radiotherapy(IMRT)were well tolerated in a phase I study in patients who had undergone partial or total gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer(GC).This phase II study aimed to further determine the efficacy and toxicity of this combination after radical resection and D1/D2 lymph node dissection(LND)for patients with locally advanced GC.AIM To further determine the efficacy and toxicity of this combination after radical resection and D1/D2 LND for patients with locally advanced GC.METHODS Forty patients(median age,53 years;range,24-71 years)with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma who underwent D1/D2 LND were included in this study.The patients received ACRT comprising IMRT(total irradiation dose:45 Gy delivered in daily 1.8-Gy fractions on 5 d a week over 5 wk)and capecitabine chemotherapy(dose:800 mg/m²twice daily throughout the duration of radiotherapy).The primary study endpoint was disease-free survival(DFS),and the secondary endpoints were overall survival(OS),toxic effects,and treatment compliance.RESULTS The 3-year DFS and OS were 66.2%and 75%,respectively.The median time to recurrence was 19.5 mo(range,6.1-68 mo).Peritoneal implantation(n=10)was the most common recurrence pattern,and the lung was the most common site of extra-abdominal metastases(n=5).Nine patients developed grade 3 or 4 toxicities during ACRT.Two patients discontinued ACRT,while eleven underwent ACRT without receiving the entire course of capecitabine.There were no treatmentrelated deaths.CONCLUSION The ACRT protocol described herein showed acceptable safety and efficacy for patients with locally advanced GC who received radical gastrectomy and D1/2 LND.

地方高校有机化学实验评价方式概述与实践

有机化学实验实践性强、耗时长、危险系数高,所以制定科学合理的成绩评定体系具有重要意义。传统评价方式主要采用实验过程与实验报告相结合,该评价方式存在评价主体单一、方式单一、标准模糊、内容单一等问题,明显与新型人才培养要求有差距。因此,评价方式改革与创新势在必行。本文首先系统梳理了当前地方高校有机化学实验不同的评价方式,包括综合评价方式、指标评价方式、竞赛模式评价方式、多元化评价方式以及形成性评价方式等。其次,详细介绍了我校有机化学实验“三阶段五维度”的评价方式,该方式充分利用课前、课中、课后三个阶段,以培养会查阅、会设计、会操作、会写作、会主持的“五会”应用型人才为中心。最后,本文通过梳理不同评价方法,旨在为后续构建更科学的有机化学实验评价体系提供参考借鉴,更好地服务于人才培养。

Small RNA sequencing revealed aberrant piRNA expression profiles in deciduas of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients

Piwi-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)is a novel class of non-coding RNAs.However,changes in piRNA expression profiles in recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)have not yet been investigated.The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed piRNAs in deciduas of RSA patients.Decidua tissues were collected by curettage from recruited RSA patients and normal early pregnant(NEP)women with their informed consent.Small RNA sequencing was used to evaluate the differences in piRNA expression profiles between RSA and NEP.The present results demonstrated that the counts of total piRNA reads in RSA samples were increased compared with those in NEP samples(0.21%vs.0.11%).Differential expression analysis identified 29 upregulated piRNAs and 18 downregulated piRNAs in RSA samples.RT-qPCR further confirmed that the expression levels of uniq-109625,uniq-89328,uniq-50651 and uniq-4569 were decreased in 8 RSA tissues,compared with 13 NEP tissues.Otherwise,pi-22628 and uniq-173406 were increased in 8 RSA tissues.Based on GO term and KEGG pathway analysis,we speculate that these piRNAs regulate RSA by targeting extracellular matrix component pathway,cell adhesion pathway and focal adhesion pathway.PiRNAs may be involved in RSA pathogenesis by target genes function on adhesion and extracellular matrix component.

Effects of baffie and intraocular pressure on aerosols generated in the noncontact tonometer measurement during COVID-19

AIM: To investigate the effects of baffle and intraocular pressure(IOP) on the aerosols generated in the noncontact tonometer(NCT) measurement and provide recommendations for the standardized use of the NCT during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). METHODS: This clinical trial included 252 subjects(312 eyes) in The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from March 7, 2020, to March 28, 2020. Sixty subjects(120 eyes) with normal IOP were divided into two groups. One group used an NCT without a baffle, another group used an NCT with a baffle. Another 192 subjects(192 eyes) were divided into four groups: Group A;(without a baffle+normal IOP), Group A;(without a baffle+high IOP), Group B;(with a baffle+normal IOP) and Group B;(with a baffle+high IOP). Particulate matter(PM) 2.5 and PM10 generated by all subjects were quantified during the NCT measurement. The IOP values were recorded simultaneously. Effects of baffle and IOP on aerosols generated during the NCT measurement were analyzed.RESULTS: In the normal eye group with a baffle, the aerosol density decreased in a wave-like shape near the NCT with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, demonstrating no cumulative effect. However, in the normal eye group without a baffle, there was a cumulative effect. PM2.5 and PM10 in Group A;were higher than Group A;(both P<0.001). The PM2.5 and PM10 in Group B;were higher than Group B;(P<0.01, P<0.001 respectively). The PM10 of Group B;was lower than Group A;(P<0.01). PM2.5 in Group B;were lower than Group A;(P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+A;were 0.80 and 1.10 μg/m;respectively, which were higher than 0.20 and 0.60 μg/m;in the combined Group B;+B;(both P<0.01). The median of per capita PM2.5 and PM10 in the combined Group A;+B;were 0.10 and 0.20 μg/m;respectively, which were lower than 1.30 and 1.70 μg/m;in the combined Group A;+B;(both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: More aerosols could be generated in patients with high IOP. After the NCT is equipped with a baffle, per capita aerosol density generated decreased significantly near the NCT;And with the increase in the number of people measured for IOP, the aerosols gradually dissipated near the NCT, demonstrating no cumulative effect. Therefore, it is suggested that the NCT should be equipped with a baffle, especially for patients with high IOP.

On the low cycle fatigue behaviour of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy processed via non-isothermal ageing

The low cycle fatigue behaviour of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy processed via non-isothermal ageing(NIA)was examined at different strain amplitudes.We showed that NIA improved the low cycle fatigue life(more than 7000 cycles)by optimising the precipitate configuration within 5.5 h while maintaining comparable mechanical properties(570 MPa for tensile strength)and conductivity(nearly 39%IACS)to conventional isothermal ageing,simultaneously.Experimental observation combined with molecular dynamic simula-tion revealed that precipitation configuration manipulated by NIA had a crucial effect on fatigue resis-tance.A great number of repeatedly sheared and locally destructed GP zones enhanced co-planar slip and slip localisation in the under-aged alloy during the early stage of NIA,responsible for the dramatic displacement steps on the surface and resultant poor fatigue performance.As the NIA further proceeded,moderately coarsened precipitates with an average dimension of 6.0 nm and elevated number density ef-fectively impeded the dislocation movement and weaken the slip localisation to a great extent,improving the fatigue performance within a few hours.