基于电化学阻抗谱的致病菌检测传感器的研究进展

几千年来,致病菌对人类健康构成了巨大威胁。实现致病菌的实时监测可有效阻止致病菌的传播,从而降低对人类健康的威胁。迄今为止,已有电化学、光学、压电和量热等多种技术用于细菌的检测。其中,基于电化学阻抗技术的传感器由于其成本低、读取时间短、重现性好、设备便携等优点,在实时细菌检测中展现出了巨大的应用潜力。本文主要综述了近三年来电化学阻抗技术在细菌传感中的典型应用。众所周知,电极材料在基于电化学阻抗的传感器的构建中发挥着极其重要的作用,因为细菌生物识别元件的固定化,以及所制备的传感器的灵敏度、经济性和便携性都主要取决于电极材料。因此,为了向新入行的研究人员提供基于不同电极材料制备电化学阻抗传感器清晰的制备过程,我们尝试根据不同的电极平台对基于电化学阻抗技术的传感器进行分类。此外,还讨论了目前的难点、未来的应用方向和前景。我们希望通过本文的综述,能够为刚进入该领域的研究人员开展基于电化学阻抗技术,制备快速、灵敏、准确地检测多种致病菌的传感器研究提供指导。

Models for predicting hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in response to interferon-α in chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To develop models to predict hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)seroconversion in response to interferon(IFN)-αtreatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS:We enrolled 147 treatment-nave HBe Agpositive chronic hepatitis B patients in China and analyzed variables after initiating IFN-α1b treatment.Patients were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hepatitis B virus-DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag),antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen,HBe Ag,antibody to hepatitis B e antigen(anti-HBe),and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc)at baseline and 12 wk,24 wk,and 52 wk after initiating treatment.We performed univariate analysis to identify response predictors among the variables.Multivariate models to predict treatment response were constructed at baseline,12 wk,and 24 wk.RESULTS:At baseline,the 3 factors correlating most with HBe Ag seroconversion were serum ALT level>4×the upper limit of normal(ULN),HBe Ag≤500 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO.At 12 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤250 S/CO,decline in HBe Ag>1 log10 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.8 S/CO.At 24 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤5 S/CO,anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO,and decline in HBe Ag>2 log10 S/CO.Each variable was assigned a score of1,a score of 0 was given if patients did not have any of the 3 variables.The 3 factors most strongly correlating with HBe Ag seroconversion at each time point were used to build models to predict the outcome after IFN-αtreatment.When the score was 3,the response rates at the 3 time points were 57.7%,83.3%,and 84.0%,respectively.When the score was 0,the response rates were 2.9%,0.0%,and 2.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Models with good negative and positive predictive values were developed to calculate the probability of response to IFN-αtherapy.

Adult intussusception:A retrospective review of 41 cases

AIM:To optimize the preoperative diagnosis and surgical management of adult intussusception (AI).METHODS:A retrospective review of the clinical features,diagnosis,management and pathology 41 adult patients with postoperative diagnoses of intussusception was conducted.RESULTS:Forty-one patients with 44 intussusceptions were operated on,24.4% had acute symptoms,24.4% had subacute symptoms,and 51.2% had chronic symptoms.70.7% of the patients presented with intestinal obstruction.There were 20 enteric,15 ileocolic,eight colocolonic and one sigmoidorectal intussusceptions.65.9% of intussusceptions were diagnosed preoperatively using a computed tomography (CT) scan (90.5% accurate) and ultrasonography (60.0% accurate,rising to 91.7% for patients who had a palpable abdominal mass).Coloscopy located the occupying lesions of the lead point of ileocolic,colocolonic and sigmoidorectal intussusceptions.Four intussusceptions in three patients were simply reduced.Twenty-one patients underwent resection after primary reduction.There was no mortality and anastomosis leakage perioperatively.Except for one patient with multiple small bowel adenomas,which recurred 5 mo after surgery,no patients were recurrent within 6 mo.Pathologically,54.5% of the intussusceptions had a tumor,of which 27.3% were malignant.9.1% comprised nontumorous polyps.Four intussusceptions had a gastrojejunostomy with intestinal intubation,and four intussusceptions had no organic lesion.CONCLUSION:CT is the most effective and accurate diagnostic technique.Colonoscopy can detect most lead point lesions of non-enteric intussusceptions.Intestinal intubation should be avoided.

昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素分析

目的:探讨昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。方法:横断面研究,于2019-08对昌都市14岁以下中小学生进行流行病学调查,采用自制问卷调查,分析该地区14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。结果:本研究理论受检儿童2648例,调查过程中共2389例儿童接受调查,总体受调查率为90.22%,实际受检者中有干眼症状413例(17.29%),确诊干眼症331例,干眼症患病率为13.86%。单因素分析显示,干眼症儿童和非干眼症儿童的年龄、性别、眼部手术史、眼部外伤史、喜食蔬菜水果、过敏性结膜炎、倒睫、屈光不正、沙眼、睑缘炎、阅读书写姿势、隐形眼镜、看电脑或手机时间、被动吸烟、抗生素滴眼液的资料有差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症发病率较高,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素。

Huge peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery at nonage:A case report and review of the literature

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor(E-EWS/pP NET) is a rare aggressive malignant small round cell tumor. In this report, we present the case of a 15-year-old boy who suffered from acute abdominal pain accompanied by hematemesis and melena, and was eventually diagnosed with E-EWS/p PNET. To date, there have been only five reported cases of E-EWS/pP NET of the small bowel including the patient in this report. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a pP NET of the small bowel mesentery at nonage. All these have made this report rare and significant.

Ileocecal intussusception caused by two different tumors - which is the culprit lesion? A case report

BACKGROUND Ileocecal intussusception caused by two different tumors is rare,according to a literature review.We describe a case of a male patient with a cauliflower-like mass in the middle of the transverse colon observed by colonoscopy before surgery.It was considered to be intussusception caused by colon cancer.However,a substantial lipomatous mass was seen in the distal end of the intussusception by computed tomography before surgery,which posed a challenge in the preoperative diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a 72-year-old male patient with intussusception.The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy in our hospital on April 29,2019.During operation,the ileum was inserted into the ascending colon by about 15 cm,and a tumor with a diameter of approximately 3.0 cm was observed in the distal part of the intestine.An atypical liposarcoma/highly differentiated liposarcoma in the adipose tissue was suspected in the postoperative pathology,and a lipoma was diagnosed after MDM2 gene testing.A 4.0 cm×5.0 cm polypoid mass was seen immediately adjacent to the mass,and the postoperative pathology report suggested a high-level tubular adenoma.The patient was eventually cured and discharged with an uneventful follow-up.CONCLUSION Intussusception caused by two different types of masses is extremely rare.At present,surgery is the best treatment once intussusception is diagnosed.

Huge primary dedifferentiated pancreatic liposarcoma mimicking carcinosarcoma in a young female: A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic liposarcoma is a rare tumor. According to a literature review, the patient described in this study is the seventh case of pancreatic liposarcoma reported in the English literature and the third case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Furthermore, this case had the largest primary tumor volume, and a primary pancreatic liposarcoma was diagnosed based on sufficient evidence. CASE SUMMARY We here report a rare case of a 28-year-old female with a huge dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the pancreatic tail. In June 2015, the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. During the operation, a huge liposarcoma of approximately 28.0 cm × 19.0 cm × 8.0 cm was found, which had a yellow and white fish-like incisal surface. Based on both pathology and MDM2 gene amplification, the tumor was diagnosed as a dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The patient was treated with surgery but declined postoperative chemotherapy. She was well at the 26-mo follow-up, and no relapse was observed. CONCLUSION Pancreatic liposarcoma has a low incidence. Chemotherapy should be included in the treatment regimens. Complete resection is the only effective treatment.

The mechanisms and treatments of muscular pathological changes in immobilization-induced joint contracture: A literature review

The clinical treatment of joint contracture due to immobilization remains difficult.The pathological changes of muscle tissue caused by immobilization-induced joint contracture include disuse skeletal muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle tissue fibrosis.The proteolytic pathways involved in disuse muscle atrophy include the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway,caspase system pathway,matrix metalloproteinase pathway,Ca2+-dependent pathway and autophagy-lysosomal pathway.The important biological processes involved in skeletal muscle fibrosis include intermuscular connective tissue thickening caused by transforming growth factor-β1 and an anaerobic environment within the skeletal muscle leading to the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.This article reviews the progress made in understanding the pathological processes involved in immobilization-induced muscle contracture and the currently available treatments.Understanding the mechanisms involved in immobilization-induced contracture of muscle tissue should facilitate the development of more effective treatment measures for the different mechanisms in the future.

Drug resistance and pathogenic spectrum of patients coinfected with nontuberculous mycobacteria and human-immunodeficiency virus in Chengdu, China

Background:Human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasing worldwide and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an established microbiologic cause of pulmonary disease,lymphadenitis,and disseminated disease in cases of advanced immune suppression.Data on patients coinfected with HIV and NTM are limited.Thus,this study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics,drug resistance,and pathogen spectrum of patients coinfected with both HIV and NTM in the Chengdu area of China.Methods:Data of 59 patients coinfected with both HIV and NTM collected from the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu,between January 2014 and December 2018,were analyzed.NTM drug sensitivity testing was performed using the microporous plate ratio method.Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0,and the change in drug resistance rate was analyzed using the chi-square (x2) test.Results:Seven species/complex of NTM were identified from patients coinfected with HIV and NTM in this study,with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (52.5%) and M.kansasii (27.1%) as the predominant species.Male patients were more affected 50/59 (84.7%);the mean age of the 59 cases was 45 years.The clinical characteristics mainly included anemia (86.4%),cough and expectoration (79.7%).The baseline CD4 count was <50 cells/μL (84.7%).Patients were mainly in advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage.Chest imaging mainly showed patchy shadows (42.4%) and nodules (32.2%),with various degrees of AIDS-defining diseases.The drug resistance of NTM was severe,and the rate of isoniazid resistance (100.0%) was the highest,followed by rifampicin (94.9%),streptomycin (94.9%),ofloxacin (93.2%),and others.Ethambutol (52.5%) and clarithromycin (33.9%) were relatively low.No significant difference was found in the drug resistance rate of NTM strain against nine antituberculosis drugs in 5 years (P > 0.05).Condusions:The immune level of patients coinfected with HIV and NTM is low in advanced AIDS stage;more male are affected in patients who are mainly infected with MAC and M.kansasii and with serious drug resistance,The drug resistance rate of ethambutol and clarithromycin is relatively low.