Abietane Diterpernoids from the Roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata

A new ent-abietane diterpernoid,named ebracteolata D(1),along with 11 known analogues,was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and molecular modeling.Cytotoxicity of compounds 1-12 was evaluated as well as the effect on the NF-κB pathway.Among them,compound 12,jolkinolide B,displayed broad inhibitory effects against proliferation of tumor cell lines.Mechanistic studies indicated that the compound 12 can inhibit TNF-αinduced NF-κB activation,thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis.

Simultaneous detection of the acoustic-field aberration and Doppler shift in forward acoustic scattering

The aberration in the received acoustic field and the Doppler shift in the forward scattered field are simultaneously induced when a submerged target crosses the source–receiver line. Formulations for the two variations are developed upon an ideal forward scattering configuration. Both the field aberration and the Doppler shift are expressed as functions of the same argument — the target motion time. An experimental validation was carried out in a tank, in which the continuous wave was transmitted. The field aberration and the Doppler shift were extracted from the collected data by the simple Hilbert transform and a hybrid technique, respectively. The measured aberration and Doppler shift agree with the theoretical results.Simultaneous detection outputs are beneficial to enhance the reliability on target detection by providing both the aberrations in the received acoustic field and the Doppler shift in the forward scattered field.

Cascade N-Alkylation/Hemiacetalization for Facile Construction of the Spiroketal Skeleton of Acortatarin Alkaloids with Therapeutic Potentiality in Diabetic Nephropathy

The concise building of the spiroketal core of acortatarin-type alkaloids as potential therapeutic agents in diabetic nephropathy was established in four steps,through a tandem N-alkylation/hemiacetalization between pyrrole units and the corresponding halo alcohols generated by convenient halomethylation of chiral lactones from natural aldoses.

Long-term Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Second-generation Drug-eluting Stents in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Caused by Very Late Stent Thrombosis

Background： The ST-segment elevation myocardial inthrction （STEMI） patients due to stent thrombosis （ST） remain a therapeutic challenge for a clinician. Till date, very few researches have been conducted regarding the safety and effectiveness of primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with second-generation drug-eluting stents （DES） for STEMI caused by very late ST （VLST）. This retrospective study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of primary PCI with second-generation DES for STEM1 due to VLST compared with primary PCI for STEM1 due to de novo lesion. Methods： Between January 2007 and December 2013, STEMI patients with primary PCI in Fuwai Hospital had only second-generation DES implanted for de novo lesion （558 patients） and VLST （50 patients） were included in this retrospective study. The primary end points included cardiac death and reinfarction. The secondary end points included cardiac death, reinfarction, and target lesion revascularization. Continuous variables were expressed as mean （standard deviation） or median （interquartile range） and compared by Student＇s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate. Categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages, and comparison of these variables was performed with Chi-square or Fisher＇s exact test. A two-tailed value of P 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Statistical analyses were performed by SAS software （version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA） for Windows. Results： In-hospital primary end point and the secondary end point were no significant differences between two groups （P = 1.000 and P = 1.000, respectively）. No significant differences between two groups were observed according to the long-term primary end point and the secondary end point. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no significant difference between the two groups in the primary end point and the secondary end point at 2 years （P- 0.340 and P = 0,243, respectively）. According to Cox analysis, female, intra-aortic balloon pump support, and postprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow 3 were found to be independent predictors fbr long-term follow-up. Conclusion： Primary PCI with second-generation DES is a reasonable choice for STEMI patients caused by VLST.

Marine information technology:the best is yet to come

Marine information technology(MarineIT)involves marine information gathering,transmission,processing,and fusion.Traditionally,this topic has been referred to in the context of acoustic,optical,and electromagnetic sensing of the ocean environment,most notably sonar/radar processing and satellite remote sensing.As its embodiment becomes enriched and its scope extends,particularly accompanied

Head to Head Comparison of Two Point-of-care Platelet Function Tests Used for Assessment of On-clopidogrel Platelet Reactivity in Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background：Platelet function tests are widely used in clinical practice to guide personalized antiplatelet therapy.In China,the thromboelastography （TEG） test has been well accepted in clinics,whereas VerifyNow,mainly used for scientific research,has not been used in routine clinical practice.The aim of the current study was to compare these two point-of-care platelet function tests and to analyze the consistency between the two tests for evaluating on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in Chinese acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.Methods：A total of 184 patients admitted to Fuwai Hospital between August 2014 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study.On-clopidogrel platelet reactivity was assessed 3 days after PCI by TEG and VerifyNow using adenosine diphosphate as an agonist.Based on the previous reports,an inhibition of platelet aggregation （IPA） 〈30% for TEG or a P2Y12 reaction unit （PRU） 〉230 for VerifyNow was defined as high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity （HPR）.An IPA 〉70% or a PRU 〈178 was defined as low on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity （LPR）.Correlation and agreement between the two methods were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient （r） and kappa value （κ）,respectively.Results：Our results showed that VerifyNow and TEG had a moderate but significant correlation in evaluating platelet reactivity （r =-0.511）.A significant although poor agreement （κ =0.225） in identifying HPR and a significantly moderate agreement in identifying LPR （κ =0.412） were observed between TEG and VerifyNow.By using TEG as the reference for comparison,the cutoffvalues of VerifyNow for the Chinese patients in this study were identified as PRU 〉205 for HPR and PRU 〈169 for LPR.Conclusions：By comparing VerifyNow to TEG which has been widely used in clinics,VerifyNow could be an attractive alternative to TEG for monitoring on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in Chinese patients.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between First and Second Generation Drug-eluting Stents in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease： A Single-center Retrospective Study

Background：Lots of trials demonstrate that second-generation drug-eluting stents （G2-DES）,with their improved properties,offer significantly superior efficacy and safety profiles compared to first generation DES （Gl-DES） for patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） receiving percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.This study aimed to verify the advantage of G2-DES over G1-DES in Chinese patients with stable CAD （SCAD）.Methods：For this retrospective observational analysis,2709 SCAD patients with either G1-DES （n =863） or G2-DES （n =1846） were enrolled consecutively throughout 2013.Propensity score matching （PSM） was applied to control differing baseline factors.Two-year outcomes,including major adverse coronary events as well as individual events,including target vessel-related myocardial infarction,target lesion revascularization （TLR）,target vessel revascularization,and cardiogenic death were evaluated.Results：The incidence of revascularization between G1-and G2-DES showed a trend of significant difference with a threshold P-value （8.6% vs.6.7%,x2 =2.995,P =0.084）.G2-DES significantly improved TLR-free survival compared to G1-DES （96.6% vs.97.9%,P =0.049） and revascularization-free survival curve showed a trend of improvement of G2-DES （92.0% vs.93.8%,P =0.082）.These difterences diminished after PSM.Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a trend for G 1-associated increase in revascularization （hazard ratio：1.28,95% confidence interval：0.95-1.72,P =0.099） while no significance was found after PSM.Other endpoints showed no significant differences after multivariate adjustment regardless of PSM.Conclusions：G1-DES showed the same safety as G2-DES in this large Chinese cohort of real-world patients.However,G2-DES improved TLR-ffee survival of SCAD patients 2 years after PCI.The advantage was influenced by baseline clinical factors.GI-DES was associated with a trend of increase in revascularization risk and was not an independent predictor of worse medium-term prognosis compared with G2-DES.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between First- and Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background： It remains undetermined whether second-generation drug-eluting stents （G2-DESs） outperform first-generation DESs （G1-DESs） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of G I-DES and G2-DES in ACS patients in a high-volume cardiovascular center. Methods： In 2013, 10,724 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in our institution. We included 4037 patients with ACS who underwent exclusively GI-DES or G2-DES implantation （n - 364 and n - 3673, respectively）. We used propensity score matching to minimize the imbalance between the G1-DES and G2-DES groups and followed patients for 2 years. The efficacy endpoints were major adverse cardiac events （MACEs） and its components including target vessel-related myocardial infarction （TV-MI）, target vessel revascularization/target lesion revascularization （TVR/TLR）, and cardiac death. The safety endpoint was stent thrombosis. Continuous variables were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test, and categorical variables were compared using Pearson＇s Chisquare or Fisher＇s exact test. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to compare the event-free survival rates, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess whether stent type was an independent risk factor for the etticacy and safety endpoints. Results： At the 2-year lbllow-up, the results for MACE and it components, as well as stent thrombosis, were similar for GI-DES and G2-DES （MACE, 5.2% vs. 4.3%,χ^2= 0.514, P= 0.474; TV-M1, 0.8% vs. 0.4%, P 0.407; TVR, 4.9% vs. 3.7%,χ^2=0.939, P 0.333; TLR, 3.8% vs. 2.5%,χ^2=1.610, P = 0.205; cardiac death, 0.3% vs. 0.5%, P= 0.670; and stent thrombosis, 0.5% vs. 0.4%, P 〉 0.999）. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated similar event-free survival rates between G1-DES and G2-DES alter propensity score matching （all： log-rank P〉 0.05）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that stent type was not an independent risk factor for the efficacy and safety endpoints （MACE, hazard ratio [HR] - 0.805, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.455-1.424, P = 0.456; TV-MI, HR 0.500, 95% Ch 0.101-2.475, P=0.395; TVR, HR - 0.732, 95% CI： 0.403-1.330, P = 0.306; TLR, HR - 0.629, 95% CI：0.313 1.264, P - 0.193; cardiac death, HR = 1.991,95% CI： 0.223-17.814, P - 0.538; and stent thrombosis, HR - 0.746, 95% CI： 0.125-4.467, P = 0.749）.