We aimed to explore the anti-infammatory bactivity of mollugin extracted from Rubia cordifolia L,a traditional Chinese medicine,on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Thirty C57BL/6 mice ...We aimed to explore the anti-infammatory bactivity of mollugin extracted from Rubia cordifolia L,a traditional Chinese medicine,on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group(n=6),a model group(n=6),and three experimental groups(40,20,10 mg/kg of mollugin,n=6 each).DSS solution(3%)was given to mice in the model group and experimental groups from day 4 to day 10 to induce the mouse UC model.Mice in the experimental groups were intragastrically administrated mollugin from day 1 to day 10.Animals were orally given distilled water in the control group for the whole experiment time and in the model group from day 1 to day 3.The changes in colon pathology were detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the serum,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN)in the tissues were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in the colon tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results showed that mollugin could significantly reduce weight loss and the disease activity index in the DSS-induced UC mouse model.HE examinations demonstrated that mollugin treatment effectively improved the histological damage(P<0.05).The overproduction of IL-Iβand TNF-α was remarkably inhibited by mollugin treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg(P<0.05).Additionally,the levels of TLR4 in colon tissues were significantly reduced in mollugin-treated groups compared with the DSS group.Our findings demonstrated that mollugin ameliorates DSS-induced UC by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory chemocytokines.展开更多
Vitellin(Vn)homeostasis is central to the fecundity of oviparous insects.Most studies have focused on the synthesis and transportation of Vn as a building block for developing eggs during vitellogenesis;however,less i...Vitellin(Vn)homeostasis is central to the fecundity of oviparous insects.Most studies have focused on the synthesis and transportation of Vn as a building block for developing eggs during vitellogenesis;however,less is known about how the utilization of this nutrient reserve affects embryonic development.Here,we show that the single ortholog of the knirps and knirps-like nuclear receptors,KNRL,negatively regulates Vn breakdown by suppressing the expression of hydrolase genes in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.KNRL was highly expressed in the ovary of adult females,and knockdown of KNRL by RNA interference resulted in the acceleration of Vn breakdown and the inhibition of embryonic development.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that numerous hydrolase genes,including cathepsins and trypsins were up-regulated after KNRL knockdown.At least eight of the nine significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms for the up-regulated genes were in proteolysis-related categories.The expression levels of five selected trypsin genes and the enzymatic activities of trypsin in the embryos were significantly increased after KNRL knockdown.Moreover,trypsin injection prolonged egg duration,delayed embryonic development,accelerated Vn breakdown and severely reduced egg hatchability,a pattern similar to that observed in A7V/?L-silenced N.lugens.These observations suggest that KNRL controls Vn breakdown in embryos via the transcriptional inhibition of hydrolases.Generally,this study provides a foundation for understanding how embryo nutrient reserves are mobilized during embryogenesis and identifies several genes and pathways that may prove valuable targets for pest control.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703380)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2017CFB782)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province(No.WJ2017M077)the Applied Basic Research Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2017060201010215).
文摘We aimed to explore the anti-infammatory bactivity of mollugin extracted from Rubia cordifolia L,a traditional Chinese medicine,on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group(n=6),a model group(n=6),and three experimental groups(40,20,10 mg/kg of mollugin,n=6 each).DSS solution(3%)was given to mice in the model group and experimental groups from day 4 to day 10 to induce the mouse UC model.Mice in the experimental groups were intragastrically administrated mollugin from day 1 to day 10.Animals were orally given distilled water in the control group for the whole experiment time and in the model group from day 1 to day 3.The changes in colon pathology were detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the serum,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN)in the tissues were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in the colon tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results showed that mollugin could significantly reduce weight loss and the disease activity index in the DSS-induced UC mouse model.HE examinations demonstrated that mollugin treatment effectively improved the histological damage(P<0.05).The overproduction of IL-Iβand TNF-α was remarkably inhibited by mollugin treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg(P<0.05).Additionally,the levels of TLR4 in colon tissues were significantly reduced in mollugin-treated groups compared with the DSS group.Our findings demonstrated that mollugin ameliorates DSS-induced UC by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory chemocytokines.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601634,31670414,31770474 and 31870361)the Distinguished Youth Talent Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(XJQ201722,XJQ19009)support this work.
文摘Vitellin(Vn)homeostasis is central to the fecundity of oviparous insects.Most studies have focused on the synthesis and transportation of Vn as a building block for developing eggs during vitellogenesis;however,less is known about how the utilization of this nutrient reserve affects embryonic development.Here,we show that the single ortholog of the knirps and knirps-like nuclear receptors,KNRL,negatively regulates Vn breakdown by suppressing the expression of hydrolase genes in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.KNRL was highly expressed in the ovary of adult females,and knockdown of KNRL by RNA interference resulted in the acceleration of Vn breakdown and the inhibition of embryonic development.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that numerous hydrolase genes,including cathepsins and trypsins were up-regulated after KNRL knockdown.At least eight of the nine significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms for the up-regulated genes were in proteolysis-related categories.The expression levels of five selected trypsin genes and the enzymatic activities of trypsin in the embryos were significantly increased after KNRL knockdown.Moreover,trypsin injection prolonged egg duration,delayed embryonic development,accelerated Vn breakdown and severely reduced egg hatchability,a pattern similar to that observed in A7V/?L-silenced N.lugens.These observations suggest that KNRL controls Vn breakdown in embryos via the transcriptional inhibition of hydrolases.Generally,this study provides a foundation for understanding how embryo nutrient reserves are mobilized during embryogenesis and identifies several genes and pathways that may prove valuable targets for pest control.
