Cross-layer all-interface defect passivation with pre-buried additive toward efficient all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell(PSC)has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability.However,a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer,buried interlayer,and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked.Herein,we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2-thiopheneacetic acid(TPA)as a pre-buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross-layer all-interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom-up infiltration diffusion strategy.TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film.Owing to this versatility,TPA-tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long-term stability.This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC.

Reinforced SnO_(2) tensile-strength and“buffer-spring”interfaces for efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells

Suppressing nonradiative recombination and releasing residual strain areprerequisites to improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,long-chain polyacrylic acid(PAA)is used to reinforce SnO_(2)film and passivate SnO_(2)defects,forming a structure similar to“reinforcedconcrete”with high tensile strength and fewer microcracks.Simultaneously,PAA is also introduced to the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a“buffer spring”torelease residual strain,which also acts as a“dual-side passivation interlayer”to passivate the oxygen vacancies of SnO_(2)and Pb dangling bonds in halideperovskites.As a result,the best inorganic CsPbBr_(3)PSC achieves a championpower conversion efficiency of 10.83%with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltageof 1.674 V.The unencapsulated PSC shows excellent stability under 80%relative humidity and 80℃over 120 days.

Interfacial friction induced capillary flow within nanofiber-supported ionic liquid droplets

As global economic growth increases,the demand for energy sources boosts.While fossil fuels have traditionally satisfied this demand,their environmental influence and limited reserves require alternatives.Fossil fuel combustion contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions,with a pressing need to halve these emissions by 2030 and target net-zero by 2050.Renewable energy sources,contributing currently to 29%of global electricity,are viewed as promising substitutes.With wind energy's potential,Zheng's team developed a novel method to harness even low wind speeds using well-aligned nanofibers and an innovative“drop wind generator”.This system,combining moisture-saturated ionic liquid 3-Methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride with specific nanofiber arrays,exploits wind-inducedflows for energy conversion.This study highlights the vast untapped potential of low-speed wind as a sustainable energy source potentially for electronics.

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Cavitation Performances of Self-Excited Oscillating Jets

Self-excited oscillating jets(SOJ)are used in several practical applications.Their performances are significantly affected by structural parameters and the target distance.In this study,a geometric model of the SOJ nozzle accounting for multiple structural parameters is introduced,then the related cavitation performances and the optimal target distance are investigated using a Large-Eddy Simulation(LES)approach.Results are also provided about an experiment,which was conducted to validate the simulation results.By analyzing the evolution of the vapor volume fraction at the nozzle outlet,a discussion is presented about the effect of the aforementioned structural parameters on the cavitation performances and the target distance.It is shown that the distribution of cavitation clouds at the outlet of the SOJ nozzle displays a non-monotonic trend(first increasing,then decreasing).Under working conditions with an inlet pressure of 4 MPa,a SOJ nozzle outlet/inlet diameter ratio(D_(1)/D_(2))of 1.2,and a chamber diameter ratio(D/L)close to 1.8,the nozzle outlet cavitation performance attains a maximum.The optimal structural parameters correspond to the optimal target distance,which is near 50 mm.The experiments have revealed that the SOJ nozzle with the above parameters displays a good cavitation erosion effect at the target distance of 50 mm,in satisfactory agreement with the numerical simulation results.

Stretchable alkenamides terminated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXenes to release strain for lattice-stable mixed-halide perovskite solar cells with suppressed halide segregation

Bandgap-tunable mixed-halide perovskite materials have attracted considerable interest because of their indispensability as top counterparts in tandem solar cells.However,the soft and disordered lattice always suffers from severe phase segregation under illumination,which is particularly susceptible to residual lattice strain.Herein,we report a strain regulation strategy by using alkenamides terminated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXenes as an additive into perovskite precursor.Apart from the role of a template for grain growth to obtain high-quality films,the stretchable alkyl chain promotes lattice shrinkage or expansion to form an elastic grain boundary to eliminate the spatially distributed stain and shut down ion migration channels.As a result,the all-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbIBr_(2)and CsPbI_(2)Br halides achieve prolonged device stability under harsh conditions and the best power conversion efficiencies up to 11.06%and 14.30%,respectively.

Beyond two-dimension: One-and zero-dimensional halide perovskites as new-generation passivators for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) as a rising star in the photovoltaic field have received rapidly increasing attention recently due to the boosting power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) from 3.8% to 25.7% in the last13 years. Nevertheless, the conventional PSCs with three-dimensional(3D) halide perovskites as light absorbers suffer from inferior PCEs and poor durability under sunlight, high-temperature and humid conditions due to the high defect amount and structural instability of 3D perovskites, respectively. To tackle these crucial issues, lower-dimensional halide perovskites including zero-dimensional(0D), onedimensional(1D), and two-dimensional(2D) perovskites have been employed as efficient passivators to boost the PCEs and durability of 3D-PSCs due to the high structural stability and superior resistance against moisture, heat and sunlight. Therefore, in order to achieve better understanding about the advantages and superiorities of combining low-dimensional perovskites with their 3D counterparts in improving the PCEs and durability of 3D-PSCs, the recent advances in the development and fabrication of mixeddimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites as passivators are summarized and discussed in the review.The superiority of 1D/0D perovskites as passivators over 2D counterparts, the passivation mechanism and the methods of 1D/0D perovskites are also presented and discussed. Furthermore, the rules to choose1D/0D perovskites or relevant spacer cations are also emphasized. On this basis, several specific strategies to design and fabricate mixed-dimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites are presented and discussed.Finally, the crucial challenges and future research directions of mixed-dimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites as passivators are also proposed and discussed. This review will provide some useful insights for the future development of high-efficiency and durable mixed-dimensional PSCs.

Reconstruction and stability of Fe_(3)O_(4)(001)surface:An investigation based on particle swarm optimization and machine learning

Magnetite nanoparticles show promising applications in drug delivery,catalysis,and spintronics.The surface of magnetite plays an important role in these applications.Therefore,it is critical to understand the surface structure of Fe_(3)O_(4)at atomic scale.Here,using a combination of first-principles calculations,particle swarm optimization(PSO)method and machine learning,we investigate the possible reconstruction and stability of Fe_(3)O_(4)(001)surface.The results show that besides the subsurface cation vacancy(SCV)reconstruction,an A layer with Fe vacancy(A-layer-V_(Fe))reconstruction of the(001)surface also shows very low surface energy especially at oxygen poor condition.Molecular dynamics simulation based on the iron–oxygen interaction potential function fitted by machine learning further confirms the thermodynamic stability of the A-layer-V_(Fe)reconstruction.Our results are also instructive for the study of surface reconstruction of other metal oxides.

Overbooking-Enabled Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing Environments

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is proposed to solve the needs of Inter-net of Things(IoT)users for high resource utilization,high reliability and low latency of service requests.However,the backup virtual machine is idle when its primary virtual machine is running normally,which will waste resources.Overbooking the backup virtual machine under the above circumstances can effectively improve resource utilization.First,these virtual machines are deployed into slots randomly,and then some tasks with cooperative relationship are off-loaded to virtual machines for processing.Different deployment locations have different resource utilization and average service response time.We want tofind a balanced solution that minimizes the average service response time of the IoT application while maximizing resource utilization.In this paper,we propose a task scheduler and exploit a Task Deployment Algorithm(TDA)to obtain an optimal virtual machine deployment scheme.Finally,the simulation results show that the TDA can significantly increase the resource utilization of the system,while redu-cing the average service response time of the application by comparing TDA with the other two classical methods.The experimental results confirm that the perfor-mance of TDA is better than that of other two methods.

临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移EBUS-TBNA阴性患者的处理

背景与目的超声气管镜针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound guided tranbronchial needle aspiration, EBUSTBNA)是肺癌诊断和分期的重要手段,但经活检阴性结果的患者后续处理尚无标准流程。本文通过分析来自单中心的临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理结果阴性患者,以探讨此类患者处理方式。方法对北京协和医院2010年9月-2016年12月进行EBUS-TBNA的1,412例患者资料进行分析,选取临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理诊断阴性的患者51例进行回顾性分析。结果入选51例患者按临床情况和后续处理方式分为以下5组:(1)经同一次气管镜下其他检查组(9例):该组患者大多(8例)存在镜下异常表现,通过活检、毛刷、灌洗或经支气管镜肺活检(transbronchial lung biopsy, TBLB)取得明确诊断;(2)再次EBUS-TBNA组(11例):该组患者气管粘膜及管腔大致正常,再次行EBUS-TBNA取得诊断;(3)手术治疗组(6例):该组患者因EBUS结果除外纵隔淋巴结转移,接受手术治疗。其中5例术后确诊无淋巴结转移癌;(4)进行其他病理检查组(15例):该组患者有其他部位转移,针对可能的转移灶进行计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)引导下穿刺、淋巴结活检等确诊。(5)随访组(10例):该组患者未进行其他有创检查,中位随访时间38个月,其中1例随访中诊断为淋巴瘤。结论对于经EBUS-TBNA未能确定诊断而临床怀疑肺癌的患者,应该根据患者的具体情况,综合多种方式进行诊断。对于暂时无法确诊的患者,仍需要长期随访。

超声气管镜针吸活检在肺癌诊断及基因检测中的作用

背景与目的超声气管镜针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound guided tranbronchial needle aspiration, EBUSTBNA)是临床怀疑肺癌患者的常用活检方式,在肺癌的诊断和分期中有着举足轻重的作用。然而该活检方式在诊断之余是否亦能提供充分的组织完成基因检测尚待研究。本文评价EBUS-TBNA所取得标本进行肺癌诊断及相关基因检测的可行性。方法对纵隔淋巴结肿大且临床怀疑肺癌诊断的患者进行EBUS-TBNA活检,所取得的标本进行病理诊断并对其中的非鳞非小细胞肺癌标本进行驱动基因检测。分析其诊断阳性率以及完成基因检测的可行性。结果入选377例患者平均单个淋巴结穿刺2.07针,确诊肺癌213例,经EBUS-TBNA诊断率92%。其中表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)基因、间变淋巴瘤激酶(anaplasticlymphoma kinase, ALK)融合基因、以及同时完成两个基因检测的患者分别为84例(90%)、105例(96%)及79例(90%)。单因素分析显示组织基因检测成功率与穿刺淋巴结针数、淋巴结大小及淋巴结部位无关,但与肿瘤病理类型相关。腺癌病理类型的EGFR基因突变及ALK融合基因检测的成功率均高于未分类非小细胞肺癌。结论 EBUS-TBNA可提供充足的组织对肺癌进行诊断和基因分型。肿瘤病理类型可能是影响基因检测阳性率的因素。

A multicenter,retrospective.epidemiologic survey of the clinical features and management of bone metastatic disease in China

Background:Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer.Bisphosphonates(BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events(SREs).The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases.Methods:Consecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled.A questionnaire was developed to collect the patients' clinical data,as well as information on the diagnosis and management of bone metastases.Physicians' awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the application of BP were also assessed.Results:A total of 3223 patients with lung cancer(36.5%),breast cancer(30.9%),prostate cancer(8.5%),and gastrointestinal cancer(5.7%) were included in this study.The sites of bone metastases were the thoracic spine(56.0%),lumbar spine(47.1%),ribs(32.6%),and pelvis(23.2%).The SRE frequency was the highest in patients with multiple myeloma(36.6%),followed by those with lung cancer(25.9%),breast cancer(20.2%),prostate cancer(18.2%),and gastrointestinal cancer(17.3%).Irradiation to the bone was the most frequent SRE(58%in lung cancer patients,45%in breast cancer patients,and 48%in prostate cancer patients).Our survey also showed that 45.5%of patients received BP within 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases,whereas the remaining 54.5%of patients did not receive BP treatment until at least 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases.The SRE frequency in the former group was significantly lower than that in the latter group(4.0%vs.42.3%,P < 0.05).In patients with more than 6 months of continuous BP treatment,the mean time to the first SRE was significantly longer than that in patients with less than 6 months of continuous BP treatment(7.2 vs.3.4 months,P < 0.05).In addition,12.2%of the physicians were not aware of the efficacy of BP in preventing and delaying SRE.Only half(52.3%) of the physicians agreed that the BP treatment should persist for at least 6 months unless it was intolerable.Conclusions:Our study suggested that prompt and persistent BP treatment was associated with a reduced risk of SREs.However,our survey also revealed that the proper application of BP was not as common as expected in China.

TGF-β与细胞内信号通路的交互作用在肿瘤研究中的进展

转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)信号通路在肿瘤发生发展过程中发挥双向调节作用。TGF-β能够抑制上皮细胞的生长、增殖并诱导其凋亡,发挥抑制肿瘤的作用,因此上皮细胞失去对TGF-β抑制增殖的反应是肿瘤发生过程中的标志性事件。随着肿瘤进展,TGF-β能够促进肿瘤细胞侵袭、转移、耐药以及维持肿瘤干细胞潜能。目前,TGF-β的上述作用转变与其细胞内多条信号通路的交互作用有关,这种交互作用既能减弱或解除TGF-β的增殖抑制和促凋亡作用,又能增强其促进肿瘤进展和恶化的功能。本文主要针对TGF-β在肿瘤进展中与多条细胞内信号通路交互联系的分子机制,以及交互作用对肿瘤发生发展的影响进行综述。

缺氧激活前药evofosfamide(TH-302)在体内和体外对鼻咽癌的疗效

背景与目的肿瘤缺氧被认为是肿瘤转移和疾病复发的重要因素。Evofosfamide是一种缺氧激活前药,可选择性地靶向实体瘤的缺氧区域。由于缺氧诱导因子?1α(hypoxia?inducible factor?1α,HIF?1α)在鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)组织中高表达,本研究探讨了evofosfamide在鼻咽癌中的疗效。方法我们评估了evofosfamide作为单药或联合顺铂(DDP)在NPC细胞系CNE?2、HONE?1和HNE?1以及裸鼠异种移植瘤模型中的疗效。结果 Evofosfamide在NPC细胞系中表现出缺氧选择性细胞毒性。在缺氧条件下,对CNE?2、HNE?1和HNE?1细胞的50%抑制浓度(50%inhibition concentration,IC50)分别为8.33±0.75、7.62±0.67和0.31±0.07μmol/L。与常氧对照组相比,在缺氧条件下其增敏率为9–300倍。通过联合指数值评估,evofosfamide联合DDP对NPC细胞的细胞毒性具有协同效应。在缺氧条件下用0.05μmol/L的evofosfamide处理后,细胞周期G2期被阻滞。在缺氧条件下用evofosfamide处理后,组蛋白H2AX磷酸化(Histone H2AXphosphorylation,γH2AX)(DNA损伤的标志之一)表达增强,而HIF?1α表达受到抑制。在HNE?1 NPC异种移植瘤模型中,evofosfamide作为单药或联合DDP显示出抗肿瘤活性。异种移植物组织缺氧区在evofosfamide单药治疗和联合DDP治疗后均明显减少。结论我们的结果为evofosfamide作为单药或联合DDP可选择性靶向鼻咽癌缺氧部分提供了临床前证据,为evofosfamide治疗鼻咽癌的潜在临床应用提供了理论依据。

Stability of phenolic compounds and drying characteristics of apple peel as affected by three drying treatments

To realize high-value utilization of discarded apple peel,this study investigated the effects of three selected commercial drying methods on drying kinetics,microstructure,color,phenolic stability and antioxidant capacity of apple peel.Apple peel was dehydrated by hot air drying(AD)at 75,65 and 55℃,heat pump drying(HP)at 65,55 and 45℃,and vacuum freeze-drying(FD),respectively.The results showed that HP was superior to AD and FD in terms of drying rate.In addition,HP at 65℃provided high-quality dried apple peel due to less browning and brighter appearance,the highest retention of total phenolics(29.35 mg/g)and the strongest antioxidant activities,with the highest ABTS and FRAP value of 127.15 and 219.57μmol TE/g,respectively.The content of the six major individual phenolics,i.e.caffeic acid,(-)-epicatechin,hyperoside,rutin,phlorizin and quercitrin,were found to be the highest in HP dried samples.Interestingly,the content of rutin was even increased after HP compared to the fresh sample.Considering drying efficiency,organoleptic quality and phenolic stability of the products,HP at 65°C is suggested for drying of apple peel.

Well-aligned Ni Pt alloy counter electrodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Development of cost-effective and robust counter electrodes(CEs) is a persistent objective for highefficiency dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). To achieve this goal, we present here the hydrothermal synthesis of well-aligned Ni Pt alloy CEs, which is templated by ZnO nanowires and nanosheets. The preliminary results demonstrate that Ni Pt alloy electrodes are featured by increased charge-transfer processes and electrocatalytic activity in comparison with expensive Pt CE, yielding power conversion efficiencies of 8.29% and 7.41% in corresponding DSSCs with Ni Pt nanowire and nanosheet alloy CEs, respectively. Additionally, the Ni Pt alloy CEs also display extraordinary dissolution-resistant ability when suffering longterm utilization in liquid-junction DSSCs.

Dose-dependent effects of apple pectin on alleviating high fat-induced obesity modulated by gut microbiota and SCFAs

Recently,pectin has been used as an alternative for commercial prebiotic products to modulate gut microbiota.In this study,the standard diet(Chow group)and high fat diet containing 0%(HF group),1%,3%,5%,8% or 12%(m/m)apple pectin(HF-P group)were offered ad libitum for 8 weeks to 4-week C57BL/6J mice(n=10/group).Results showed that body weight gain(R^(2)=–0.990),subcutaneous adipose accumulation(R^(2)=–0.930),serum triglyceride elevation(R_(2)=–0.879),acetate(R^(2)=0.955)and propionate concentration reduction(R2=0.985)were suppressed by pectin from 1% to 12%,indicating dose response to pectin consumption.Moreover,abundance of obesity-related bacteria Coriobacteriaceae,and pectin-degradating bacteria,Faecalibaculum,Ruminococcus were significantly increased with pectin dosage increased,and the R^(2) were 0.936,0.963 and 0.937,respectively.Besides,attenuations for colonic injury and liver steatosis were observed after adding 5% and 8% pectin,respectively.This study confirmed the dose-sensitive manner of pectin to alleviate HF-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing short-chain fatty acids production.

Evaluation and Optimization of Old Magzines Deinking Process of a Modified Lignin Sulfonates Deinking Agent

Deinking is an important process in waste paper recycling process,and this study mainly focuses on the properties of the deinking agent and process optimization.DIA-30 prepared in our laboratory,and FS and LD,were the three representative deinking agents studied herein.Brightness,effective residual ink concentration(ERIC),dirt,macro-stickies,fiber loss during repulping,flotation,and washing processes were measured to evaluate the performance of the deinking agents and optimize process conditions.Each of the deinking agents exhibited different advantages:DIA-30 was optimal for deinking efficiency,brightness enhancement,as well as dirt and macrostickies removal,whereas LD was optimal for ink removal during flotation process but performed poorly in terms of brightness enhancement.FS showed a relatively balanced performance compared to those of DIA-30 and LD in the deinking process,but DIA-30 is the best option for deinking due to its outstanding comprehensive properties.The optimal repulping conditions for the deinking of 100%old magzines(OMG)using DIA-30 are as follows:repulping temperature,60℃;pulp consistency,13 wt%;repulping time,20 min;H2O2 dosage,0.5 wt%(oven-dried pulp);NaOH dosage,1.2 wt%(oven-dried pulp);Na2SiO3 dosage,0.3 wt%(oven-dried pulp);and optimum DIA-30 dosage,0.1 wt%.

Assessment of ecosystem services value in response to prevailing and future land use/cover changes in Lahore,Pakistan

Land use/cover changes(LUCCs)significantly affect ecosystem services(ESs)and their corresponding monetary value.ESs can be evaluated to analyze the ecological and environmental changes caused by LUCCs.This research aims to estimate variations in the ecosystem services value(ESV)due to LUCCs in Lahore of Pakistan,and to offer information and recommendations to policy-makers concerned with the economic improvement of metropolis areas.We first investigated the historical LUCCs from 1990 to 2019,and then simulated the future land use/cover in 2030 and 2050 based on the CA-Markov model under three scenarios,including business-as-usual(BAU),rapid economic growth(REG),and coordinated environmental sustainability(CES).Subsequently,we evaluated the ESV from 1990 to 2050 and evaluated the historical and potential future ESV changes induced by LUCCs during 1990–2019 and 2019–2050,respectively.The results showed that,land use/cover exhibited an increase in built-up land and decreases in vegetation,water body,and unused land both in the past and future.The net ESV decreased from 58.26 million USD in 1990 to 50.31 million USD in 2019.In 2050,the decrease in ESV is most rapid under the REG scenario(decrease ESV of 7.13 million USD and decrease percentage of 14.18%),followed by the BAU(decrease ESV of 5.61 million USD and decrease percentage of 11.15%)and CES(decrease ESV of 5.18 million USD and decrease percentage of 10.30%)scenarios.For each ecosystem service type,the ESV of waste treatment decreased by 18.37%from 1990 to 2019,followed by soil formation and conservation(17.52%),biodiversity and maintenance(13.23%),climate regulation(11.80%),food production(11.69%),hydrological regulation(11.11%),and aesthetic value(3.07%).These outcomes indicate that continuous land use/cover planning should focus on regenerating aquatic areas and vegetation restoration.

付费自习室管理系统数据库的设计

随着当今社会的发展,人们对自习室的需求越来越高。为了解决自习室座位管理、方便用户预约、查询用户剩余时长等问题,大部分商家会采用开发在线管理系统实现高效管理自习室座位。本文针对如何通过数据库技术建立在线自习室座位管理系统后台数据库部分,从理论到实现进行详细的阐述。

Modulation of multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic spectra driven by two frequency-comb fields

The frequency-comb structure in the extreme ultraviolet（XUV） and vacuum ultraviolet（VUV） regions can be realized by the high-order harmonic generation（HHG） process driven by frequency-comb fields, providing an alternative approach for the measurement of an unknown frequency in XUV or VUV. We consider the case of two driving frequency-comb fields with the same repetition frequency and the carrier frequencies of fundamental-and third-harmonics, respectively.The many-mode Floquet theorem（MMFT） is employed to provide a nonperturbative and exact treatment of the interaction between a quantum system and the frequency-comb laser fields. Multiphoton transition paths involving both fundamentaland third-harmonic photons are opened due to the coupling of the third-harmonic frequency-comb field. The multiphoton transition paths are superpositioned when the carrier-envelope-phase shifts（CEPs） fulfill the matching condition. And the interference of the multiphoton transition paths can be controlled by tuning the relative envelope delay between the fields.We find that the quasienergy structure, as well as the multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic generation（HHG） spectra,driven by the two frequency-comb fields can be coherently controlled via the interference of multiphoton transition paths.It is also found that the spectral intensities of the generated harmonics can be modulated, and the modulation behavior is harmonic-sensitive.