Synthetic polymers are the most widely used materials for packaging because of their ease of processing,low cost,and low density.However,many of these materials are not easily recyclable and are difficult to degrade c...Synthetic polymers are the most widely used materials for packaging because of their ease of processing,low cost,and low density.However,many of these materials are not easily recyclable and are difficult to degrade completely in nature,creating environmental problems.Thus,there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with natural polymers and copolymers that are easily bio-degraded and less likely to cause environmental pollution.There has been a greater interest in poly-lactic acid(PLA),poly-hydroxyalkanoates(PHAs),cellulose and starch based polymers and copolymers as the emerging biodegradable material candidates for the future.This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art biodegradable polymers made from renewable resources and discusses the main features of their properties and design.展开更多
Modified biochar(BC)is reviewed in its preparation,functionality,application in wastewater treatment and regeneration.The nature of precursor materials,preparatory conditions and modification methods are key factors i...Modified biochar(BC)is reviewed in its preparation,functionality,application in wastewater treatment and regeneration.The nature of precursor materials,preparatory conditions and modification methods are key factors influencing BC properties.Steam activation is unsuitable for improving BC surface functionality compared with chemical modifications.Alkali-treated BC possesses the highest surface functionality.Both alkali modified BC and nanomaterial impregnated BC composites are highly favorable for enhancing the adsorption of different contaminants from wastewater.Acidic treatment provides more oxygenated functional groups on BC surfaces.Future research should focus on industry-scale applications and competitive sorption for contaminant removal due to scarcity of data.展开更多
基金support from the NSERC Strategic Network-Innovative Green Wood Fibre Product(Canada)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21466005)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Synthetic polymers are the most widely used materials for packaging because of their ease of processing,low cost,and low density.However,many of these materials are not easily recyclable and are difficult to degrade completely in nature,creating environmental problems.Thus,there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with natural polymers and copolymers that are easily bio-degraded and less likely to cause environmental pollution.There has been a greater interest in poly-lactic acid(PLA),poly-hydroxyalkanoates(PHAs),cellulose and starch based polymers and copolymers as the emerging biodegradable material candidates for the future.This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art biodegradable polymers made from renewable resources and discusses the main features of their properties and design.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21466005)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Modified biochar(BC)is reviewed in its preparation,functionality,application in wastewater treatment and regeneration.The nature of precursor materials,preparatory conditions and modification methods are key factors influencing BC properties.Steam activation is unsuitable for improving BC surface functionality compared with chemical modifications.Alkali-treated BC possesses the highest surface functionality.Both alkali modified BC and nanomaterial impregnated BC composites are highly favorable for enhancing the adsorption of different contaminants from wastewater.Acidic treatment provides more oxygenated functional groups on BC surfaces.Future research should focus on industry-scale applications and competitive sorption for contaminant removal due to scarcity of data.
