Au@Ag-labeled SERS lateral flow assay for highly sensitive detection of allergens in milk

Casein andα-lactalbumin(α-LA)are the main allergens in cow's milk,which can affect the skin,respiratory system,and gastrointestinal tract,even cause anaphylactic shock.Developing a rapid and sensitive detection method of casein andα-LA is still pursued.Herein,a surface-enhanced Raman scattering based lateral flow assay(SERS-LFA)method for rapid and highly sensitive detection of milk allergens in food was established for effectively preventing allergic symptoms.Gold@silver nanoparticles(Au@Ag NPs)were synthesized as SERS active substrate to prepare the antibody-modified SERS Probe and SERS-LFA strips toward casein andα-LA were assembled according to the sandwich mode.The detection results were calculated according to colorimetric and Raman signal.The introduction of SRES signal significantly increased the sensitivity of detection with the limit of detection(LOD)of 0.19 ng/mL and 1.74 pg/mL,and exhibited an excellent linear relationship within the range of 0.55-791.50 ng/mL and 0.1 pg/mL-100.0 ng/mL for casein andα-LA,respectively.Furthermore,SERS-LFA strips was highly specific with the recovery rates for corresponding80.36%-105.12%and 85.73%-118.22%for casein andα-LA,respectively.Therefore,the SERS-LFA could be in great potential to develop a unique allergen detection method.

Selenium-enriched and ordinary green tea extracts prevent high blood pressure and alter gut microbiota composition of hypertensive rats caused by high-salt diet

High-salt diet is well recognized as a risk factor for hypertension,and dietary intervention plays a critical role in the prevention of hypertension.The current study investigated the effects of selenium-enriched green tea(Se-GT)and ordinary green tea(GT)on prevention of hypertension of rats induced by high-salt diet,as well as their potential regulatory and mechanism.Our results showed that GT and Se-GT supplementations significantly prevented the increase of blood pressure(BP),activated the phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,and regulated the gene expression related to BP,as well as improved the tissue damage like heart,liver,and kidneys.Besides,the key parameters associated with oxidative stress,inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were also altered by GT and Se-GT treatments.Importantly,GT or Se-GT administration adjusted the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora.Moreover,GT and Se-GT supplementations increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria.More specifically,GT intake specifically and significantly enriched the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides,whereas Se-GT was characterized by specific and significant enrichment for Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium.Our results proved that dietary supplement of GT and Se-GT remarkably improved the vascular functions and effectively prevented tissue damage by regulation of intestinal flora,and thus preventing hypertension induced by high-salt diet.

Progress and prospects in chitosan derivatives:Modification strategies and medical applications

Chitosan(CS)is the only natural alkaline polysaccharide originated from deacetylation of chitin that is the main component of shell from marine organisms.It has great potential medical application due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and good water solubility originated from its protonated amino groups under acidic condition and abundant hydroxyl groups.However,unprotonated NH_(2)group of CS leads to its poor solubility under physiological condition and limits its diverse applications.Therefore,it is highly necessary to summarize the modification strategies of CS derivatives systematically to help researchers select the most appropriate strategies for their specific applications.Herein,we have summarized the modification strategies of CS derivatives for improving their antimicrobial activity,water solubility,biocompatibility,and mechanical property by chemical reaction and physical integration.And then we have reviewed the CS derivatives in hydrogels,nanoparticles,or coatings for medical application in wound dressing,drug delivery,medical implant.Last but not the least,we have put forward the future perspectives of deep studies about structure-activity relationship and clinical applications of CS derivatives.

Non‑Leaching,Rapid Bactericidal and Biocompatible Polyester Fabrics Finished with Benzophenone Terminated N‑halamine

Pathogenic bacteria can proliferate rapidly on porous fabrics to form bacterial plaques/bioflms,resulting in potential sources of cross-transmissions of diseases and increasing cross-infection in public environments.Many works on antibacterial modifcation of cotton fabrics have been reported,while very few works were reported to endow poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)fabrics with non-leaching antibacterial function without compromising their innate physicochemical properties though PET is the most widely used fabric.Therefore,it is urgent to impart the PET fabrics with non-leaching antibacterial activity.Herein,a novel N-halamine compound,1-chloro-3-benzophenone-5,5-dimethylhydantoin(Cl-BPDMH),was developed to be covalently bonded onto PET fabrics,rendering non-leaching antibacterial activity while negligible cytotoxicity based on contact-killing principle.Bacterial was easily adhered to Cl-BPDMH fnished PET fabrics,and then it was inactivated quickly within 10 s.Furthermore,the breaking strength,breaking elongation,tearing strength,water vapor permeability,air permeability and whiteness of Cl-BPDMH fnished PET fabrics were improved obviously compared to raw PET fabrics.Hence,this work developed a facile approach to fabricate multifunctional synthetic textiles to render outstanding and rapid bactericidal activity without compromising their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility.

Discrimination of Handlebar Grip Samples by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Analysis and Statistics

In this paper,the authors presented a study on the discrimination of handlebar grip samples,to provide effective forensic science service for hit and run traffic cases.50 bicycle handlebar grip samples,49 electric bike handlebar grip samples,and 96 motorcycle handlebar grip samples have been randomly collected by the local police in Beijing(China).Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy(FTIR)was utilized as analytical technology.Then,target absorption selection,data pretreatment,and discrimination of linked samples and unlinked samples were chosen as three steps to improve the discrimination of FTIR spectrums collected from different handlebar grip samples.Principal component analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were utilized to evaluate different data selection methods and different data pretreatment methods,respectively.It is possible to explore the evidential value of handlebar grip residue evidence through instrumental analysis and statistical treatments.It will provide a universal discrimination method for other forensic science samples as well.

Proposition on Improving Environmental Forensic System in China

In the early period of China,economy developed rapidly at the cost of environment.Recently,it is generally recognized that the heavily polluted environment not only puts a brake on economic development but also paces negative impact on people’health as well as probably next decades of generations.Accordingly,the latest Environmental Protection Law revised in 2014 makes a clear‑cut division of environmental responsibility and regulates stricter penalties of breaching law.As the new environmental law is enforced gradually,environmental forensic is increasingly required in the process of ascertaining facts in judicial proceedings of environmental cases.Based on the outcomes of documentary analysis for all environmental cases judged on the basis of new environmental law,it is concluded that there still exists problems in the present system of environmental forensic.Thus,this paper is aimed to make proposition on improving Chinese environmental forensic system,which involves:(i)promoting capability of EFS to handle professional questions;(ii)develop price mechanism;(iii)multidepartments cooperate to establish unifying and complete EFS system;and(iv)enhance the probative value of results of EFS.Such protocol for amending present regulation on environmental forensic is of significant importance because a quality report of environmental forensic will contribute to provide strong probative evidence of culprits’activity of releasing contaminant into environment,degree of damages for victims,and above all,causality between the behavior of public nuisance and damages.

The Rational Thinking of Expert Opinion and Communicating in Courtroom

Since the past half century,expert testimony has played an increasingly important role in Chinese litigation.As the amount of expert testimony has grown,the issues about its admissibility and scientific foundation related to evidence are becoming to be questioned commonly.Since eighteenth central committee(China)adopted the decision of the Central Committee of China on several important issues in promoting the legal system,the evidence was redefined to become the predominance in the whole proceeding.This article reviews the expert knowledge implicit in the opinions.It argues that the expert opinions ask judges to be aware of the role of communicationg between participants.Expert opinion is not only gained from laboratory,but also socially constructed in the rational expression and communication,which requir us think logically in terms of legal perceptions of science and expert knowledge in the empirical world.