Transcriptome analysis elucidates key changes of pleon in the process of carcinization

When megalopa molting to the first juvenile crab stage,the crabs undergo carcinization morphogenesis.To study the key physiological and morphological processes in carcinization,we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis between the cephalothoraxes and the pleons of megalopa and the first juvenile crab stage in Chinese mitten crab.The results reveal that the major physiological and morphological changes in the pleon were related to energy metabolism(oxidative phosphorylation and AMPK pathways),ventral nerve cord fusion(apoptosis-related pathways),and metamorphosis(transcription factors,Hedgehog and Hippo pathways).We also discovered that the key Hox genes abdominal-B and abdominal-A might regulate morphological changes,especially in the degeneration of the fifth pair of pleopods,and ganglion fusion,respectively.Studying the regulatory mechanisms of carcinization may help us better understand the developmental biology of the juvenile crabs.

Amplified visualization and function exploration of exosomal protein-specific glycosylation using hybridization chain reaction from non-functional epitope

Exosomal glycoproteins play significant roles in many physiological and pathological procedures. However, the current methods for studying exosomal glycoproteins have low sensitivity or can affect exosomal biological function. Herein, we developed a proximity dual-tagging strategy using an induced hybridization chain reaction(HCR) from the target’s non-functional epitope for amplified visualization and functional exploration of exosomal protein-specific glycosylation. This strategy leverages dualtagging based on the aptamer with little influence on target function and metabolic glycan labelling, and the rigid product and high sensitivity of HCR. The method improves the signal of visualizing exosomal PD-L1(exo PD-L1) by 7.7-fold compared with the signal without HCR amplification without affecting the natural exo PD-L1/PD-1 interaction. As a result, we verified that the interaction between exo PD-L1 and PD-1 positive cells is positively correlated to the glycosylation level of exo PD-L1. Overall,we have developed a sensitive method with little functional influence to visualize exosomal protein-specific glycosylation in situ,offering a powerful tool for studying the biological implications of exosomal glycoproteins.

High-throughput first-principle prediction of collinear magnetic topological materials

The success of topological band theory and symmetry-based topological classification significantly advances our understanding of the Berry phase.Based on the critical concept of topological obstruction,efficient theoretical frameworks,including topological quantum chemistry and symmetry indicator theory,were developed,making a massive characterization of real materials possible.However,the classification of magnetic materials often involves the complexity of their unknown magnetic structures,which are often hard to know from experiments,thus,hindering the topological classification.In this paper,we design a high-throughput workflow to classify magnetic topological materials by automating the search for collinear magnetic structures and the characterization of their topological natures.We computed 1049 chosen transition-metal compounds(TMCs)without oxygen and identified 64 topological insulators and 53 semimetals,which become 73 and 26 when U correction is further considered.Due to the lack of magnetic structure information from experiments,our high-throughput predictions provide insightful reference results and make the step toward a complete diagnosis of magnetic topological materials.