Dynamically-evolved surface heterojunction in iridium nanocrystals boosting acidic oxygen evolution and overall water splitting

Simultaneously realizing improved activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysts is highly promising for developing cost-effective sustainable energy in the splitting of water technique.Herein,we report iridium nanocrystals embedded into 3D conductive clothes(Ir-NCT/CC) as a low iridium electrocatalyst realizing ultrahigh acidic OER activity and robust stability.The well-designed Ir-NCT/CC requires a low overpotential of 202 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)with a high mass activity of 1754 A g^(-1).Importantly,in acidic overall water splitting,Ir-NCT/CC merely delivers a cell voltage of 1.469 V at a typical current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and also maintains robust durability under continuous operation.We identify that a low working voltage drives the formation of a highly stable amorphous IrOxactive phase over the surface of Ir nanocrystals(surface heterojunction IrOx/Ir-NCT) during operating conditions,which contributes to an effective and durable OER process.

Effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Lung Function, Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Esophageal Cancer Surgery under One-Lung Ventilation

Objective: To explore the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on lung function, cognitive function and inflammatory response in patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation. Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery were divided into GDFT group (GDFT therapy) and control group (conventional liquid therapy). The changes in patients’ pulmonary function, cognitive function and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results: Both alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P(A-a)O2] and respiratory index (RI) increased at one-lung ventilation for 30 minutes (T2) and decreased at one-lung ventilation for 60 minutes (T3), and after surgery (T4) in the two groups, and the GDFT group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05);theoxygenation index (OI) of the two groups decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared with that at T1 (before one-lung ventilation), and the GDFT group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). At T4 and T5, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), central nervous system specific protein (S100β), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the GDFT group were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in the GDFT group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDFT can help prevent lung injury during radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation, reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of perioperative cognitive disorder to a certain extent.

Double-Peakon Solutions of Two Four-Component Camassa-Holm Type Equations

This paper is contributed to study two new integrable four-component systems reduced from a multi-component generation of Camassa-Holm equation. Some double peakon solutions of both systems are described in an explicit formula by the method of variation of constant for ordinary differential equations. These double peakon solutions are established in weak sense. The dynamic behaviors of the obtained double peakon solutions are illustrated by some figures.

缺陷富集型钌基电催化剂在强碱和强酸析氢反应中的高质量比活性研究

合理的设计策略以提高贵金属电催化剂在析氢反应(HER)中的利用率,对于简化HER的工艺流程,促进未来能源循环经济的发展至关重要.本文在约2.4 nm的Ru纳米颗粒上设计了大量的缺陷,使其在苛刻的酸性和碱性电解质中具有超高质量比反应活性.在过电势为100 m V时,所制备的缺陷富集型Ru基电催化剂DR-Ru表现出超高的HER翻转频率(碱性:16.4 s^(-1);酸性:20.6 s^(-1))和超低的过电势(碱性:η10=28.2 m V;酸性:η10=25.1 mV),明显优于其他Ru基电催化剂.此外,低配位的Ru活性位和表面部分晶格氧削弱了DR-Ru的Ru–H结合能,促进了酸性HER进行;同时有利于H2O分子分解,缓解了碱性HER过程中水分子的解离迟滞,导致其具有与酸性HER相当的高质量比活性.

Electrolyzer and Catalysts Design from Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide Electrochemical Reduction

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has attracted considerable attention in the recent decade for its critical role in the storage of renewable energy and fulfilling of the carbon cycle,and catalysts with varying morphology and modification strategies have been studied to improve the CO_(2)RR activity and selectivity.However,most of the achievements are focused on preliminary reduction products such as CO and HCOOH.Development and research on electrochemical CO reduction reaction(CORR)are considered to be more promising to achieve multicarbon products and a better platform to understand the mechanism of C-C formation.In this review,we introduce the current achievements of CO_(2)RR and emphasize the potential of CORR.We provide a summary of how electrolysis environment,electrode substrates,and cell design affect the performance of CORR catalysts in order to offer a guideline of standard operating conditions for CORR research.The composition-structure-activity relationships for CORR catalysts studied in H-cells and gas-phase flow cells are separately analyzed to give a comprehensive understanding of the development of catalyst design.Finally,the reaction mechanism,latest progress,major challenges and potential opportunities of CORR are also analyzed to provide a critical overview for further performance improvement of CORR.