面向工业化种植的光热管理农膜——机遇与挑战

As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.

Glandular trichomes:new focus on horticultural crops

Plant glandular trichomes(GTs)are epidermal outgrowths with the capacity to biosynthesize and secrete specialized metabolites,that are of great scientific and practical significance.Our understanding of the developmental process of GTs is limited,and no single plant species serves as a unique model.Here,we review the genetic mechanisms of GT initiation and development and provide a summary of the biosynthetic pathways of GT-specialized metabolites in nonmodel plant species,especially horticultural crops.We discuss the morphology and classification of GT types.Moreover,we highlight technological advancements in methods employed for investigating GTs.Understanding the molecular basis of GT development and specialized metabolites not only offers useful avenues for research in plant breeding that will lead to the improved production of desirable metabolites,but also provides insights for plant epidermal development research.

Core-shell-structured Co@Co4N nanoparticles encapsulated into MnO-modified porous N-doping carbon nanocubes as bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries

Designing the highly catalytic activity and durable bifunctional catalysts toward oxygen reduction/evolution reaction(ORR/OER) is paramount for metal–air batteries. Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)-based materials have attracted a great deal of attention as the potential candidate for effectively catalyzing ORR/OER due to their adjustable composition and porous structure. Herein, we first introduce the Mn species into zeolitic-imidazole frameworks(ZIFs) and then further pyrolyze the Mn-containing bimetallic ZIFs to synthesize core-shell-structured Co@Co4N nanoparticles embedded into MnO-modified porous N-doped carbon nanocubes(Co@Co4N/MnO–NC). Co@Co4N/MnO–NC exhibits the outstanding catalytic activity toward ORR and OER which is attributed to its abundant pyridinic/graphitic N and Co4N,the optimized content of MnO species, highly dispersed catalytic sites and porous carbon matrix. As a result, the Co@Co4N/MnO–NC-based Zn–air battery exhibits enhanced performances, including the high discharge capacity(762 mA h gZn-1), large power density(200.5 mW cm-2), stable potential profile over 72 h, low overpotential(<1.0 V) and superior cycling life(2800 cycles). Moreover, the belt-shaped Co@Co4N/MnO–NC cathode-based Zn–air batteries are also designed which exhibit the superb electrochemical properties at different bending/twisting conditions.

Fungi with potential probiotic properties isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea

Several of the fungal species associated with Fuzhuan brick tea(FBT)are considered as potential probiotics,but few studies have investigated the probiotic properties of these fungi.Here,we isolated 18 fungal strains from two types of FBT and identified these strains based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS)fragment sequence similarity to reference strains(sequence similarity>98%).Of the 18 strains,10 tolerated simulated human digestive conditions for sufficient periods in vitro:pH 2-3,0.3%-0.5%(m/V)bile salts,and artificial gastrointestinal juices.We then measured the antimicrobial activity of the remaining 10 strains against 5 enteropathogenic bacteria and tested the bacteriostatic effects of the thalli and fermentation broth extracts.Of the 6 strains with strong bacteriostatic effects,we eliminated Eurotium cristatum S-9 due to its low hydrophobicity of(26.12±0.35)%.Finally,2 exhibited good adhesion abilities to human cells(>100%).Notably,2 strains can survive in vivo,because they can be isolated from C57BL/6 mice feces.Thus,2 strains,Aspergillus cristatus H-1 and A.cristatus H-5,are herein identified as promising candidate probiotic strains.It may be put forward a novel research focus on evaluating potential probiotic fungi from FBT.

Adsorption desulfurization and weak competitive behavior from 1-hexene over cesium-exchanged Y zeolites(CsY)

The systematic research about the adsorption desulfurization and competitive behavior from 1-hexene over cesium-exchanged Y zeolites has been investigated. The structural properties of the adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, N_2 sorption（BET） and thermal analysis（TGA）. The effects of calcination temperature, calcination atmosphere, and adsorption temperature were studied by the dynamic and static tests. The competitive adsorption mechanisms between thiophene and 1-hexene were studied by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（in-situ FTIR） and temperature-programmed desorption（TPD）. CsY adsorbents exhibited high selectivity for thiophene even when a large amount of olefins exist.In-situ FTIR spectra of thiophene and 1-hexene adsorption indicated that both thiophene and 1-hexene were mainly adsorbed on CsY via π-complexation. The higher desorption activated energy and higher adsorption heat of thiophene than 1-hexene obtained by thiophene-TPD and hexene-TPD has revealed that thiophene is adsorbed more strongly in CsY adsorbents than 1-hexene.

A CBL4-CIPK6 module confers salt tolerance in cucumber

Soil salinization is a major threat to cucumbers grown under protected cultivation.Under stressful environments,calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs)can sense and bind Ca2+signals and regulate CBL-interacting protein kinases(CIPKs)to transmit signals and induce cellular responses.Although CBL-CIPK modules play central roles in plant development and response to various abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis,little is known about their functions in cucumber.In this study,we demonstrate that CsCBL4 interacts with CsCIPK6,which exhibited similar responses to salt stress in cucumber.Furthermore,salt stress resulted in greater accumulation of CsCBL4 and CsCIPK6.Comprehensive phenotype analysis demonstrated that silencing CsCBL4 or CsCIPK6 reduced the salt tolerance of cucumber,and overexpression of CsCBL4 increased the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis.Collectively,these results indicate that the CsCBL4-CsCIPK6 module plays an important role in the resistance of cucumber to salt stress.The information provides insights for the genetic breeding of salt tolerance in cucumber in the future.

含裂纹结构拘束相关断裂韧性预测程序研究

基于统一拘束参数Ap及拘束相关断裂韧性确定方法,采用Matlab软件编写了包含Python脚本的拘束相关断裂韧性预测程序,并借助Matlab App Designer功能完成了对预测程序主界面的设计。预测程序包括3个模块:ODB&MAT模块,Auto Monitor模块和Manu Monitor模块,预测流程主要包括5个步骤。基于编写好的程序,以单边缺口弯曲(SENB)试样和紧凑拉伸(CT)试样为研究对象,对不同拘束下各试样拘束相关的断裂韧性进行了预测。预测结果显示:预测程序所得开动力曲线与文献中所得具有很好的一致性,对J积分和等值线所围区域面积捕捉正确,对拘束参数Ap的计算及对开动力曲线的绘制准确。通过预测程序所确定的拘束相关断裂韧性与文献中所确定的在10%误差带内,可以较好地对不同拘束下含裂纹结构的拘束相关断裂韧性进行预测。

Directional amine-based solvent extraction for simultaneous enhanced water recovery,salt separation and effective descaling from hypersaline brines

The feasibility of simultaneous water recovery,salt separation and effective descaling of hypersaline brine was investigated by diisopropylamine(DIPA)-based directional solvent extraction(DSE),using diluted/concentrated seawater with initial saline concentration range of 12–237 g/L at extraction temperatures of 5 and 15℃,respectively.The water recovery shows an obvious boundary at saline concentration of 115 g/L under dual effect of specific water extraction efficiency and extraction cycles.High Cl^(–) ion concentration in product water is in sharp contrast to the nearly complete removal of SO_(4)^(2–)and hardness ions,indicating that DIPA-based DSE process indeed achieved efficient separation and purification of Cl^(–) ion from hypersaline brines.Especially,the radical precipitation of Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+)ions in form of Mg(OH)_(2)and CaCO_(3)demonstrates effective descaling potential,although it leads to more DIPA residues in dewatered raffinate than product water.Moreover,an exponential correlation between the Cl^(–) removal efficiency and specific water extraction efficiency further reveals the intrinsic relationship of water extraction process and transfer of Cl^(–) ion to the product water.Overall,the study provides a novel approach for integrating the water recovery and separation of Cl^(–) ion from ultra-high-salinity brines with radical precipitation of Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+) ions in one step.

All-inorganic ultrathin high-sensitivity transparent temperature sensor based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm

The demand for optically transparent temperature sensors in intelligent devices is increasing.However,the performance of these sensors,particularly in terms of their sensitivity and resolution,must be further enhanced.This study introduces a novel transparent and highly sensitive temperature sensor characterized by its ultrathin,freestanding design based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm.The Mn-Co-Ni-O-based sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity,with a temperature coefficient of resistance of−4%℃^(−1),and can detect minuscule temperature fluctuations as small as 0.03℃.Additionally,the freestanding sensor can be transferred onto any substrate for versatile application while maintaining robust structural stability and excellent resistance to interference,indicating its suitability for operation in challenging environments.Its practical utility in monitoring the surface temperature of optical devices is demonstrated through vertical integration of the sensor and a micro light-emitting diode on a polyimide substrate.Moreover,an experiment in which the sensor is implanted in rats confirms its favorable biocompatibility,highlighting the promising applications of the sensor in the biomedical domain.

Highly efficient Ag-modified copper phyllosilicate nanotube:Preparation by co-ammonia evaporation hydrothermal method and application in the selective hydrogenation of carbonate

Rapidly deactivation of Cu/SiO2 catalysts at high liquid hour space velocity(LHSV) has been an important obstacle for scale-up application.Herein,silver modified copper phyllosilicate nanotubes were fabricated by different strategies,and implemented to the selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate(EC) to methanol and ethylene glycol(EG) as alternative route for the indirect utilization of CO2.The CuPs Ag-copre catalyst synthesized by the co-ammonia evaporation hydrothermal process achieved79% methanol and 99% EG yield within various ranges of EC LHSV,which was attributed to the balanced Cu+/CuO ratio and the enhanced H2 dissociation ability.Inlaid silver species over copper phyllosilicate promoted the interaction between the metal and the support,which substantially regulated the reducibility and dispersion of copper species,meanwhile,increased the stability for long-term running of the catalyst.

Durable endothelium-mimicking coating for surface bioengineering cardiovascular stents

Mimicking the nitric oxide(NO)-release and glycocalyx functions of native vascular endothelium on cardiovascular stent surfaces has been demonstrated to reduce in-stent restenosis(ISR)effectively.However,the practical performance of such an endothelium-mimicking surfaces is strictly limited by the durability of both NO release and bioactivity of the glycocalyx component.Herein,we present a mussel-inspired amine-bearing adhesive coating able to firmly tether the NO-generating species(e.g.,Cu-DOTA coordination complex)and glycocalyx-like component(e.g.,heparin)to create a durable endothelium-mimicking surface.The stent surface was firstly coated with polydopamine(pDA),followed by a surface chemical cross-link with polyamine(pAM)to form a durable pAMDA coating.Using a stepwise grafting strategy,Cu-DOTA and heparin were covalently grafted on the pAMDA-coated stent based on carbodiimide chemistry.Owing to both the high chemical stability of the pAMDA coating and covalent immobilization manner of the molecules,this proposed strategy could provide 62.4%bioactivity retention ratio of heparin,meanwhile persistently generate NO at physiological level from 5.9±0.3 to 4.8±0.4×10^(-10) mol cm^(-2) min^(-1) in 1 month.As a result,the functionalized vascular stent showed long-term endothelium-mimicking physiological effects on inhibition of thrombosis,inflammation,and intimal hyperplasia,enhanced re-endothelialization,and hence efficiently reduced ISR.

Electroless-hydrothermal construction of nickel bridged nickel sulfide@mesoporous carbon nitride hybrids for highly efficient noble metal-free photocatalytic H2 production

Metallic Ni bridged Ni S@mesoporous carbon nitride hybrids were for the first time fabricated through a one-pot electroless-assisted hydrothermal method.The intimate Ni bridge between the interface of mesoporous carbon nitride and Ni S was confirmed by HRTEM and in-depth XPS analysis using an Ar+-cluster sputtering gun and a possible mechanism was put forward to elucidate the formation process of the unique structure.Without adding any noble metals as cocatalysts,the optimized catalyst 10%NiS/mCN-160-12 showed a H2 evolution rate of 1419μmol·g^-1·h^-1,which is about 34 and 14 fold higher than that of bare mesoporous carbon nitride and Ni S,respectively.The dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance was mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of Ni S cocatalyst loading and the formation of metallic Ni between the interface of mesoporous carbon nitride and Ni S,which served as a charge-transfer bridge to facilitate the transfer and separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs.

Highly Efficient Au/TiO_(2) Catalyst for One-pot Conversion of Nitrobenzene to p-Aminophenol in Water Media

Au/TiO_(2) catalyst is firstly reported to be efficient in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to produce p-aminophenol with a high PAP selectivity of 81%and overall yield more than 63%.The catalyst is also quite stable and can be reused for at least 4 times with only slight decrease in activity.

Composition dependent intrinsic defect structures in ASnO3(A=Ca,Sr,Ba)

Perovskite stannates are promising semiconductors that are widely used in optoelectronic devices.Here,the composition dependent intrinsic point defects of stannate perovskites ASnO3(A=Ca,Sr,Ba)are studied by first-principles calculations.The preferences of defects under stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric conditions are unsealed,meanwhile the charge states of each intrinsic defect varying with the change of electron Fermi energy are clarified.For stoichiometric BaSnO3 and SrSnO3,the Schottky defect complexes are predicted as the most stable defect structure,while the antisite defect complexes are the most stable one in CaSnO3.In nonstoichiometric ASnO3,excessive AO is beneficial to the formation of oxygen vacancies and A-Sn antisite defects in all ASnO3;while the Ca interstitial is another major defect existing in CaSnO3.In the case of SnO2 excess,the predominant defects are the Sn-A antisite defects and A vacancies.Since the functionality of these perovskite oxides is closely related to the types and concentrations of their point defects,the present results are expected to guide the future experiments to optimize the function of the perovskite oxides by tailoring the intrinsic defects through controlling the composition of AO and SnO2.