Observation on the Effect of Integrated Medical and Nursing Care in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Combined with Lung Cancer

Objective:To explore the effect of integrated medical and nursing care in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer.Methods:From August 2021 to August 2022,60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer were admitted.All patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis according to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and with lung cancer by pathology.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received daily nursing care,whereas the study group received integrated medical and nursing care.The sputum conversion rate,tumor remission rate,and quality of life of patients were observed and analyzed.Results:The item function score and symptom function score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the sputum conversion rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer,the application of integrated medical and nursing care can help consolidate the treatment effect and improve the quality of life of patients;thus,it is worthy of promotion and application.

Progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer with rare genetic variants

Targeted therapy is crucial for advanced colorectal cancer(CRC) positive for genetic drivers. With advances in deep sequencing technology and new targeted drugs, existing standard molecular pathological detection systems and therapeutic strategies can no longer meet the requirements for careful management of patients with advanced CRC. Thus, rare genetic variations require diagnosis and targeted therapy in clinical practice. Rare gene mutations, amplifications, and rearrangements are usually associated with poor prognosis and poor response to conventional therapy. This review summarizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic variations, in genes including erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(ERBB2), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase(BRAF), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase/ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase(ALK/ROS1), neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinases(NTRKs), ret proto-oncogene(RET), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2), and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), to enhance understanding and identify more accurate personalized treatments for patients with rare genetic variations.

DNA damage response-related immune activation signature predicts the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from gastrointestinal cancer analysis to pan-cancer validation

Objective: DNA damage response(DDR) deficiency has emerged as a prominent determinant of tumor immunogenicity. This study aimed to construct a DDR-related immune activation(DRIA) signature and evaluate the predictive accuracy of the DRIA signature for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) therapy in gastrointestinal(GI) cancer.Methods: A DRIA signature was established based on two previously reported DNA damage immune response assays. Clinical and gene expression data from two published GI cancer cohorts were used to assess and validate the association between the DRIA score and response to ICI therapy. The predictive accuracy of the DRIA score was validated based on one ICI-treated melanoma and three pan-cancer published cohorts.Results: The DRIA signature includes three genes(CXCL10, IDO1, and IFI44L). In the discovery cancer cohort, DRIA-high patients with gastric cancer achieved a higher response rate to ICI therapy than DRIA-low patients(81.8% vs. 8.8%;P < 0.001), and the predictive accuracy of the DRIA score [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) = 0.845] was superior to the predictive accuracy of PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and Epstein–Barr virus status. The validation cohort demonstrated that the DRIA score identified responders with microsatellite-stable colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade with radiation therapy. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the DRIA score was shown to be robust through an extended validation in melanoma, urothelial cancer, and pan-cancer.Conclusions: The DRIA signature has superior and robust predictive accuracy for the efficacy of ICI therapy in GI cancer and pancancer, indicating that the DRIA signature may serve as a powerful biomarker for guiding ICI therapy decisions.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale

Objective:Health literacy is closely associated with self-care behaviors in heart-failure patient.A reliable,valid,and practical measuring tool would evaluated the level of health literacy in Chinese patients with heart failure,and provide evidence for individualized education.Aim of this study was to translate Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale(HF-Specific HL Scale)into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version.Methods:The original HF-specific HL scale was translated into Chinese and modified for cultural adaption.Totally 164 HF inpatients were investigated with the Chinese version of HF-specific HL scale.To test the reliability and validity of the scale,item analysis,exploratory factor analysis(EFA),confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and correlation analysis were conducted.Result:Cronbach's a value for the scale is 0.87;the correlation coefficients between each item and the total score ranged from 0.61 to 0.91.Three factors was extracted by EFA,which could explain 64.62%of the total variance.The result of CFA also showed that the scale demonstrated an acceptable model fit.The scale was significantly correlated with the Chinese version of the Heart Failure Knowledge Test(C-HFKT).Conclusion:The Chinese version of HF-specific HL scale is reliable and valid,and is suitable for assessment of HL in Chinese HF patients.

Thymidylate synthase confers pemetrexed resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway

Chemotherapy drug resistance is the main cause leading to the relapse and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of pemetrexed resistance in NSCLC.Firstly,the pemetrexed(PEM)-resistant PC-9 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines(PC-9/PEM and A549/PEM)were established.The expression of thymidylate synthase(TS)in PC-9/PEM,A549/PEM,A549,and PC-9 cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot.Then,cell viability,colony formation,migration,and invasion were performed on PEM-resistant cells transfected with TS siRNA.The role of EGFR in PEM resistance of PEM-resistant cells was investigated using EGFR siRNA.The effects of gefitinib and EGFR siRNA on EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downstream signaling Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells were analyzed.Results showed that the protein level of TS was significantly increased in A549/PEM and PC-9/PEM.TS knockdown inhibited the potency of proliferation,colony-forming potential,migration,and invasion in PEM-resistant cells.EGFR knockdown abrogated the resistance to PEM of PEM-resistant cells and suppressed the migration and invasion of PEM-resistant cells.Gefitinib treatment and EGFR knockdown respectively inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulated Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells.Thus,TS might be a predictive marker for PEM resistance in NSCLC.Inhibition of the EGFR pathway abrogated the resistance to PEM and inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling of PEM-resistant NSCLC cell lines.

Regulatory role of exosomes in colorectal cancer progression and potential as biomarkers

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains an enormous challenge to human health worldwide.Unfortunately,the mechanism underlying CRC progression is not well understood.Mounting evidence has confirmed that exosomes play a vital role in CRC progression,which has attracted extensive attention among researchers.In addition to acting as messengers between CRC cells,exosomes also participate in the CRC immunomodulatory process and reshape immune function.As stable message carriers and liquid biopsy option under development,exosomes are promising biomarkers in the diagnosis or treatment of CRC.In this review we have described and analyzed the biogenesis and release of exosomes and current research on the role of exosomes in immune regulation and metastasis of CRC.Moreover,we have discussed candidate exosomal molecules as potential biomarkers to diagnose CRC,predict CRC progression,or determine CRC chemoresistance,and described the significance of exosomes in the immunotherapy of CRC.This review provides insight to further understand the role of exosomes in CRC progression and identify valuable biomarkers that facilitate the clinical management of CRC patients.

DDIT4通过p53和MAPK通路促进胃癌增殖和肿瘤发生

背景与目的胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国尤为常见。DNA损伤诱导转录因子4(DNAdamage-inducibletranscript4,DDIT4)是哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制因子,由多种细胞应激诱导产生;然而,它在胃癌中的关键作用仍然未知。本研究旨在探讨DDIT4与胃癌发展的关系及其作用机制。方法我们采用蛋白免疫印迹法、实时聚合酶链反应、免疫组化或免疫荧光法检测DDIT4在胃癌细胞和组织中的表达情况。采用高通量筛选、细胞计数试剂盒-8、克隆形成和体内成瘤实验检测细胞增殖情况。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期分布情况。结果 DDIT4在胃癌细胞和组织中表达上调。在胃癌细胞中下调DDIT4表达可抑制体外和体内的细胞增殖并增强了5-氟尿嘧啶诱导的细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞。与之相反,在正常胃上皮细胞中DDIT4的异位表达促进了细胞增殖、降低了化疗敏感性。进一步研究表明,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和p53信号通路参与抑制细胞增殖并在DDIT4下调后增强化疗敏感性。结论 DDIT4促进了胃癌细胞增殖和肿瘤发生,为研究DDIT4在人类胃癌发生、发展中的作用提供了新思路。

Electraesalopsis beuteli gen. & sp. nov., the first lucanid beetle from the Cretaceous Burmese amber(Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Absract The first stag beetle found in Cretaceous Myanmar amber, Electraesalopsis beuteli Bai, Zhang ＆ Qiu gen. ＆ sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of one well-preserved specimen. This specimen provides more detailed morphological characters compared with compression fossils, e.g. the highly setose antennae and the punctured elytra. However, the systematic position of the new genus is still questionable and we provisionally place it as Lucanidae incertae sedis. In addition, the discovery of Electraesalopsis Bai, Zhang ＆ Qiu gen. nov. also indicates that there is very high biodiversity in Burmese amber. The new discoveries in future studies on Burmese amber will provide more information and improve our knowledge of biogeography and early evolution of the Lucanidae.

2022年全球鞘翅目现生类群新分类单元

本文总结了2022年国内外学者发表的全球鞘翅目现生类群新分类单元的情况,并单独梳理了2022年中国鞘翅目新增分类单元。通过检索数据库和分类期刊,以及专家学者的补充,最终获得相关文献857篇,专著1部。经统计分析,2022年,全球发表鞘翅目现生类群新分类单元2,810个,包括1个新亚科,2个新族,3个新亚族,144个新属,48个新亚属,2,570个新种,42个新亚种;另有620个新组合,457个新异名,39个分类单元升级,12个分类单元降级。中国是全球鞘翅目新物种发现数量最多的国家,共发现新属8个,新亚属7个,新种480个,新亚种9个,发表中国新记录属11个,新记录亚属1个,新记录种87个,新记录亚种1个。云南和西藏是中国新物种发现的热点地区,新物种数量约占全国的46%。相比2021年,2022年全球鞘翅目现生类群新增分类单元数量有所减少。

不同设备评估配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜后泪膜质量的变化

目的:采用2种不同干眼检查设备评估患者配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜后泪膜质量的变化。方法:前瞻性临床研究。选取2016年1月至2017年10月于中国医科大学附属第四医院眼科就诊并验配角膜塑形镜的患者共计118例,选取右眼数据用于统计。年龄8~18(11.8±2.5)岁。应用Keratograph5M眼表综合分析仪观察患者在戴镜前及戴镜后1、3、6个月的泪河高度(TMH)、非侵入首次泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT(f)]和平均泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT(av)];同时应用DR-1型干眼仪测量患者戴镜后不同时间点泪膜脂质层光干涉图像。采用重复测量方差分析和Pearson相关分析进行数据统计。结果:TMH:戴镜后1、3、6个月与戴镜前比较差异均无统计学意义。NIBUT(f)和NIBUT(av):戴镜后1个月的泪膜破裂时间和戴镜前比较明显缩短(均P<0.001),之后各时间点和戴镜前比较差异无统计学意义。泪膜脂质层分级:配戴角膜塑形镜后1个月较戴镜前有明显下降(P<0.001),之后各时间点与戴镜前比较差异无统计学意义。泪膜脂质层分级与泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT(f)、NIBUT(av)]之间具有相关性(r=-0.145,P=0.011;r=-0.147,P=0.019)。结论:青少年患者配戴角膜塑形镜后泪液的分泌量未受影响,但在早期降低了泪膜稳定性,随时间延长可逐渐恢复。Keratograph5M眼表综合分析仪和DR-1型干眼仪可从不同层面上辅助干眼疾病的诊断。

从督脉论治神经原性膀胱尿潴留验案一例（英文）

目的:报道针灸治疗神经原性膀胱尿潴留验案一例。方法:对一位57岁的神经原性膀胱尿潴留女性患者从督脉论治进行针灸治疗。穴取肾俞、膀胱俞、腰阳关和命门,同时在关元穴施灸。结果:经过6次治疗后,患者可自行排出小便,避免了导尿造成的生理及心理不良影响。结论:针灸并用,辨病与辨证相结合,对于神经原性膀胱尿潴留患者疗效确切。

昆虫多样性三十年研究进展

当前,全球昆虫数量和多样性均处于下降趋势,而导致这一趋势的原因主要包括人为干扰及气候变化。本文基于森林、草地、农业、水生和土壤生态系统,以植食性、访花、捕食性、寄生性、食果以及食腐昆虫为重点功能昆虫群,综述了近三十年来国内外昆虫多样性研究领域的主要进展,并分析了发展趋势。近年来,昆虫多样性的研究维度不断拓展,形态多样性研究不断深入,系统发生多样性、功能多样性和遗传多样性等研究也显著加强。此外,昆虫多样性研究的空间尺度也逐步扩大,大尺度区域性研究甚至全球范围的调查持续增长。昆虫进化历史也被引入多样性格局研究中,并随着系统发生信息学方法的普及而被整合到生态系统建成和生物多样性形成机制研究中。未来需要加强关键昆虫类群整合分类学研究、功能性状多样性、林冠昆虫多样性、互作网络结构等方向的研究。

中国鞘翅目2020年新分类单元

鞘翅目是世界昆虫种类最丰富的类群,具有重要的经济和生态意义。为及时掌握我国鞘翅目新分类单元和名称变动情况,本文系统检索和整理了2020年发表的分类学文献。2020年共发表421个中国鞘翅目新分类单元,包括新属21个、新亚属2个、新种387个、新亚种11个;发表国家级新记录种51个;提出了56个新组合、70个异名、7个物种异名名称变动、3个降级。重点研究类群包括步甲科、隐翅虫科、拟步甲科、天牛科、象甲科等。在地域分布方面,新分类单元和新记录涉及33个省级行政区,大多数新物种集中发现于云南和四川。建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结,同时进行数字化,以推动中国鞘翅目分类学研究成果的科学传播。

2021年世界鞘翅目现生类群分类年鉴

本文整理并总结了世界鞘翅目2021年发表的新分类阶元、新组合、新异名、分类阶元升级和降级等情况,并单独梳理了中国2021年鞘翅目新增分类群。通过在线数据库检索及相关同行补充,最终共获得了相关文献1,114篇。2021年,世界鞘翅目新分类阶元共计3,375个,包括2个新亚科,1个超族,9个新族,3个新亚族,178个新属,36个新亚属,3,070个新种和76个新亚种,另有1,071个新组合,485个新异名,70个分类阶元升级,26个分类阶元降级。新发表的物种中,隐翅虫科534种,金龟科461种,二者约占总数的31.6%。世界鞘翅目新物种发现数量最多的国家是中国,共发现新属13个,新亚属4个,新种635个,新亚种6个,发表中国新记录亚科2个,新记录属13个,新记录亚属1个,新记录种112个和新记录亚种6个。2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种有204个隶属于金龟科,新物种发现数量最高的省级行政区是云南省(172个新种及亚种)。

世界鞘翅目2020年新分类单元

鞘翅目昆虫是陆地上最大的生物类群,具有极为丰富的物种多样性和形态多样性,在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用,与人类社会生产密不可分。定期对世界鞘翅目新分类单元进行汇总整理,有助于更好地了解鞘翅目多样性的发展动态,从而促进对生态系统结构与功能的了解以及鞘翅目昆虫资源的开发与保护。本文对2020年发表的世界鞘翅目分类学文献进行了系统地整理与分析。结果表明,2020年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类单元3,228个(含化石种类),包括1个新科5个新亚科13个新族218个新属18个新亚属2,973个新种;提出了1,319个新组合610个新异名49个降级的分类单元及61个升级的分类单元。重点研究的类群包括隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、天牛科(Cerambycidae)等。世界鞘翅目昆虫新物种模式标本产地涉及118个国家和地区,大部分新物种分布于中国、巴西、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和越南。收录世界鞘翅目昆虫新发表种的论文/专著共995篇/部,涉及期刊或出版社141个。2020年,世界鞘翅目分类学取得了显著进展,但同时也暴露了新种发现速度略慢于1978-2000年的平均速度以及地区和类群研究力度不均衡的问题,未来仍需加大投入,探寻更加高效准确的方法,以期实现对全球生物多样性的全面评估和保护。

尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)诱导矿化回收稀土离子La(Ⅲ)

【目的】从罗源湾红树林浅滩土壤中筛选出产脲酶真菌,研究其对镧La(Ⅲ)的最大耐受浓度,利用其吸附和产脲酶作用诱导矿化回收稀土离子La(Ⅲ),以期为稀土离子La(Ⅲ)的资源回收提供菌种资源和应用技术指导。【方法】从罗源湾红树林浅滩土壤中分离、筛选、纯化出可产脲酶及耐La(Ⅲ)真菌,通过ITS rDNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定;同时,利用XRD、SEM-Mapping及FT-IR分析探讨菌株回收La(Ⅲ)的机理。【结果】经分离、纯化得到一株可产脲酶及耐受高浓度La(Ⅲ)的真菌FZU-07,鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),其具有较强诱导矿化回收La(Ⅲ)的能力,对La(Ⅲ)的最大耐受浓度为400 mg/L。菌株FZU-07单独对La(Ⅲ)吸附回收效率为46.19%;在诱导矿化条件下回收效率可提高到99.16%。FT-IR和SEM-Mapping分析表明,尖孢镰刀菌吸附La(Ⅲ)与菌丝体表面的氨基、羟基、羰基和磷酸基团相关;XRD和SEM-Mapping结果表明诱导矿化是通过该菌的产脲酶特性,使尿素分解产生碳酸,并与钙离子结合生成球霰石晶型的碳酸钙,La(Ⅲ)被捕获在球霰石晶格中,形成La(Ⅲ)和碳酸钙的混合固相,以共沉淀的形式被回收。【结论】菌株FZU-07,是一株具有产脲酶特性的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且具有较强的诱导矿化回收La(Ⅲ)能力。表明微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀是一种可行且生态友好的回收稀土离子的方法。

DDIT4 promotes gastric cancer proliferation and tumorigenesis through the p53 and MAPK pathways

Background:Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,particularly in China.DNA damage-inducible transcript 4(DDIT4)is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and is induced by various cellular stresses;however,its critical role in GC remains poorly understood.The present study aimed to investigate the poten-tial relationship and the underlying mechanism between DDIT4 and GC development.Methods:We used western blotting,real-time polymerase chain reaction,and immunohistochemical or immunoflu-orescence to determine DDIT4 expression in GC cells and tissues.High-content screening,cell counting kit-8 assays,colony formation,and in vivo tumorigenesis assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Results:DDIT4 was upregulated in GC cells and tissue.Furthermore,downregulating DDIT4 in GC cells inhibited proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and increased 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.In contrast,ectopic expression of DDIT4 in normal gastric epithelial cells promoted proliferation and attenuated chemosensitivity.Further analysis indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53 signaling pathways were involved in the suppression of proliferation,and increased chemosensitivity upon DDIT4 downregulation.Conclusion:DDIT4 promotes GC proliferation and tumorigenesis,providing new insights into the role of DDIT4 in the tumorigenesis of human GC.

Arc flash fault detection in wind farm collection feeders based on current waveform analysis

High impedance faults(HIFs) are easy to occur in collective feeders in wind farms and may cause the cascading of wind generators tripping. This kind of faults is difficult to be detected by traditional relay or fuse due to the limited fault current values and the situation is worse in wind farms. The mostly adopted HIF detection algorithms are based on the 3rd harmonic characteristic of the fault zero-sequence currents, whereas these 3rd harmonics are very easy to be polluted by wind power back-to-back converters. In response to this problem, the typical harmonic characteristic of HIF arc flash based on Mayr’s arc model is first analyzed, and the typical fault waveforms of HIF in wind farm are presented. Then the performance of the harmonic based HIF detection algorithm is discussed,and a novel detection algorithm is proposed from the viewpoint of time domain, focusing on the convex and concave characteristic of zero-sequence current at zerocrossing points. A HIFs detection(HIFD) prototype implementing the proposed algorithm has been developed.The sensitivity and security of the algorithm are proved byfield data and RTDS experiments.

A web based tool to merge geometric morphometric data from multiple characters

Geometric morphometrics （GM） is an important method of shape analysis and increasingly used in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Presently, a single character comparison system of geometric morphometric data is used in almost all empirical studies, and this approach is sufficient for many scientific problems. However, the estimation of overall similarity among taxa or objects based on multiple characters is crucial in a variety of contexts （e.g. （semi-）automated identification, phenetic relationships, tracing of character evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction）. Here we propose a new web-based tool for merging several geometric morphometrics data files from multiple characters into a single data file. Using this approach information from multiple characters can be compared in combination and an overall similarity estimate can be obtained in a convenient and geometrically rigorous manner. To illustrate our method, we provide an example analysis of 25 dung beetle species with seven Procrustes superimposed landmark data files representing the morphological variation of body features： the epipharynx, right mandible, pronotum, elytra, hindwing, and the metendosternite in dorsal and lateral view. All seven files were merged into a single one containing information on 649 landmark locations. The possible applications of such merged data files in different fields of science are discussed.

Micro CT approach applied in taxonomy: An example on the species Melanopopillia hainanensis(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Three dimensional morphology of Melanopopillia hainanensis Lin, 1980 is reported firstly by using Micro CT technology, including internal and external structures. The male of M. hainanensis is described for the first time. A key to the species of Melanopopillia is given. This study shows an example of the potential application on the 3D morphology in invertebrate taxonomy, especially in the comparison of important structures with complicated 3D morphology, e.g. aedeagus, muscles.