Model informed precision medicine of Chinese herbal medicines formulas-A multi-scale mechanistic intelligent model

Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.

A Statistical Algorithm for Retrieving Background Value of Absorbing Aerosol Index Based on TROPOMI Measurements

The ultraviolet aerosol index(UVAI) is essential for monitoring the absorbing aerosols during aerosol events. UVAI depends on the absorbing aerosol concentration, the viewing geometry, and the temporal drift of radiometric sensitivity. To efficiently detect absorbing aerosols with the highest precision and to improve the accuracy of long-term UVAI estimates,the background UVAI must be examined through the UVAI retrieval. This study presents a statistical method that calculates the background value of UVAI using TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI) observation data over the Pacific Ocean under clear-sky scenes. Radiative transfer calculations were performed to simulate the dependence of UVAI on aerosol type and viewing geometry. We firstly applied the background UVAI to reducing the effects of viewing geometry and the degradation of the TROPOMI irradiance measurements on the UVAI. The temporal variability of the background UVAI under the same viewing geometry and aerosol concentration was identified. Radiative transfer calculations were performed to study the changes in background UVAI using Aerosol Optical Depth from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and reflectance measurements from TROPOMI as input. The trends of the temporal variations in the background UVAI agreed with the simulations. Alterations in the background UVAI expressed the reflectance variations driven by the changes in satellite state. Decreasing trends in solar irradiance at 340 and 380 nm due to instrument degradation were identified. Our findings are valuable because they can be applied to future retrievals of UVAI from the Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument(EMI) onboard the Chinese GaoFen-5 satellite.

The application of perovskite materials in solar water splitting

Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for sustainable production of renewable hydrogen,and solving the crisis of energy and environment in the world.However,large-scale application of this method is hampered by the efficiency and the expense of the solar water splitting systems.Searching for non-toxic,low-cost,efficient and stable photocatalysts is an important way for solar water splitting.Due to the simplicity of structure and the flexibility of composition,perovskite based photocatalysts have recently attracted widespread attention for application in solar water splitting.In this review,the recent developments of perovskite based photocatalysts for water splitting are summarized.An introduction including the structures and properties of perovskite materials,and the fundamentals of solar water splitting is first provided.Then,it specifically focuses on the strategies for designing and modulating perovskite materials to improve their photocatalytic performance for solar water splitting.The current challenges and perspectives of perovskite materials in solar water splitting are also reviewed.The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings and developments of perovskite based photocatalysts and provide some useful guidance for the future research on the design and development of highly efficient perovskite based photocatalysts and the relevant systems for water splitting.

Three-Year Observations of Ozone Columns over Polar Vortex Edge Area above West Antarctica

Ozone vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved by Zenith Scattered Light-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(ZSL-DOAS)from January 2017 to February 2020 over Fildes Peninsula,West Antarctica(62.22°S,58.96°W).Each year,ozone VCDs started to decline around July with a comparable gradient around 1.4 Dobson Units(DU)per day,then dropped to their lowest levels in September and October,when ozone holes appeared(less than 220 DU).Daily mean values of retrieved ozone VCDs were compared with Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2(GOME-2)satellite observations and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2(MERRA-2)reanalysis dataset,with correlation coefficients(R2)of 0.86,0.94,and 0.90,respectively.To better understand the causes of ozone depletion,the retrieved ozone VCDs,temperature,and potential vorticity(PV)at certain altitudes were analyzed.The profiles of ozone and PV were positively correlated during their fluctuations,which indicates that the polar vortex has a strong influence on stratospheric ozone depletion during Antarctic spring.Located at the edge of polar vortex,the observed data will provide a basis for further analysis and prediction of the inter-annual variations of stratospheric ozone in the future.

Life cycle assessment of homogeneous Fenton process as pretreatment for refractory pharmaceutical wastewater

The applicability of the life cycle assessment(LCA)to the Fenton process should be considered not only at the laboratory-scale but also at the full-scale.In this study,the LCA process was applied to evaluate the homo-geneous Fenton process for the treatment of high salinity pharmaceutical wastewater.The potential environmental impacts were calculated using Simapro software implemen-ting the CML 2001 methodology with normalization factors of 1995 world.Foreground data obtained directly from the full-scale wastewater treatment plant and labora-tory were used to conduct a life cycle inventory analysis,ensuring highly accurate results.By normalized results,the Fenton process reveals sensitive indicators,primarily toxi-city indicators(human toxicity,freshwater aquatic toxicity,and marine aquatic toxicity),as well as acidification and eutrophication impacts,contributed by hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration,respectively.Overall,hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration contribute significantly,accounting for at least 78%of these indicators.In sludge treatment phase,treatment of iron mud and infrastructure of hazardous waste incineration plants were the key contributors of environmental impacts,adding up to more than 95%.This study suggests the need to develop efficient oxidation processes and effective iron sludge treatment methods to reduce resource utilization and improve environmental benefits.

人民币国际化:程度测算及影响因素研究——基于境外存量视角

文章基于弗里德曼货币需求理论设定国内货币需求函数。运用扣除本地需求法,测算出2003年至2017年各季度的人民币境外存量,以此衡量人民币国际化程度;在经济、贸易、金融市场规模、汇率预期等变量基础上,设置移动支付虚拟变量,探究影响货币国际化的关键因素。构建VAR模型、脉冲响应函数对各变量的动态关系进行实证分析。研究发现,经济、贸易规模的扩大,人民币稳步升值有利于推动人民币国际化进程;在我国资本账户尚未完全开放的背景下,当前国内金融市场对人民币国际化具有一定程度的阻碍作用。