调频经皮神经电刺激早期膝骨关节炎步行时即时镇痛效果

目的:观察调频经皮神经电刺激(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation,TENS)对膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者行走时疼痛改善的即时效果。方法:选取2家医院110名合格入选的受试者随机分成试验与对照组,试验组在调频TENS方案下进行6分钟步行试验(6MWT),对照组在安慰假刺激TENS方案下进行6MWT,评价指标为疼痛改善有效率。结果:FAS和PPA分析集结果均显示试验组疗效有效率大于50%,且与对照组疗效差均大于30%,达到临床有效性要求。结论:在轻度KOA患者中,单次进行调频TENS后可即刻缓解行走时的膝关节疼痛。

Eco-vegetation Construction of the Community Gardens in US and Its Implications

Community garden is a popular vegetation landscape mode with production,ecology and life functions. On the basis of eco-service functions of community garden,this paper selected 14 such gardens in Los Angeles and studies them by field survey. It researched the response of diversity of urban vegetation varieties and distribution pattern to planters' ethnic background and construction mode,then it analyzed its implications for China's urban green space construction and leisure agriculture. A total of 439 varieties of plant were studied,indicating that community garden is an important species pool of urban ecosystem; it can maintain rich native taxa resources; plant function is mainly edible plant, which plays a great role in protecting ethnic traditional culture and regional native culture; landscape structure and function of vegetation are influenced by ethnic background and construction mode. Researches show that the community garden,as the intersection landscape of ecological diversity and cultural diversity,is a feasible construction mode for realizing urban green infrastructure construction and leisure agricultural development. China should learn from this experience,take into consideration interested parties when making green space planning and conducting eco-vegetation construction. This is of great significance to launching urban eco-vegetation construction and developing leisure agriculture in China.Community garden is a popular vegetation landscape mode with production,ecology and life functions. On the basis of eco-service functions of community garden,this paper selected 14 such gardens in Los Angeles and studies them by field survey. It researched the response of diversity of urban vegetation varieties and distribution pattern to planters' ethnic background and construction mode,then it analyzed its implications for China's urban green space construction and leisure agriculture. A total of 439 varieties of plant were studied,indicating that community garden is an important species pool of urban ecosystem; it can maintain rich native taxa resources; plant function is mainly edible plant, which plays a great role in protecting ethnic traditional culture and regional native culture; landscape structure and function of vegetation are influenced by ethnic background and construction mode. Researches show that the community garden,as the intersection landscape of ecological diversity and cultural diversity,is a feasible construction mode for realizing urban green infrastructure construction and leisure agricultural development. China should learn from this experience,take into consideration interested parties when making green space planning and conducting eco-vegetation construction. This is of great significance to launching urban eco-vegetation construction and developing leisure agriculture in China.

Patient Perceptions of Current Disease Control in Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Background: Studies suggest that patients do not understand the hemoglobin A1c value (A1c). However, clinicians may communicate information about glycemic control in other ways. Given this, this study evaluates patients’ understanding of current diabetes control, independent of the A1c, and the factors affecting this understanding. Method: Cross-sectional survey of patients with poorly controlled diabetes seen in urban clinics in fall of 2010. Results: 177 people completed the survey. 73.5% were women, 83.0% were African-American and the average age was 56.5 years. 80.2% of respondents reported having had diabetes for at least five years. 39% reported past participation in a diabetes education course. Average A1c was 9.9(S.D. 1.7)%;no differences were noted based on income, education, disease duration, or complication history. 23.7% described their disease control as “good” or “excellent” in spite of an average A1c of 9.5% (1.2). Notably, most of this group reported diabetes for over five years and did not differ in history of diabetes-related complications or educational attainment compared to those with more accurate perceptions of control. Conclusion: The high proportion of participants who reported “good” or “excellent” control in spite of mean A1c greater than 9.5% raises serious questions about the effectiveness of current communication methods for patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

Using Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure Anti-Adhesion Effects on Uropathogenic Bacteria, Observed in Urine after Cranberry Juice Consumption

A volunteer was given cranberry juice cocktail (CJC) or water to drink, and urine was collected at 2 and 8 hours after consumption, in order to quantitatively determine whether adhesion forces were changed for the volunteer after CJC consumption. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure adhesion forces between bacteria and a silicon nitride tip. Forces between Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus and the AFM tip were lower in the urine after the volunteer consumed CJC, compared to drinking water. A steric model was applied to the AFM data, in order to quantify how the urine changed the properties of the bacterial surfaces. There was a small decrease in the equilibrium length of surface molecules on the bacteria when in the post-CJC urine, compared to the post-water urine. However, these changes were not statistically significant. We hypothesize that post-CJC urine imparts subtle changes on the molecules of the bacterial surfaces, and that these changes lead to the reduction in adhesion with the AFM probe.