Experimental study on the effect of water absorption level on rockburst occurrence of sandstone

To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and acoustic emission(AE)system are used to monitor the rockburst process.The effect of water on sandstone rockburst and the prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst are analyzed from the perspective of energy and failure mode.The results show that the higher the ab-sorption degree,the lower the intensity of the rockburst after absorbing water on single side of sand-stone.This is reflected in the fact that with the increase in the water absorption level,the ejection velocity of rockburst fragments is smaller,the depth of the rockburst pit is shallower,and the AE energy is smaller.Under the water absorption level of 100%,the magnitude of rockburst intensity changes from medium to slight.The prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst is that water reduces the capacity of sandstone to store strain energy and accelerates the expansion of shear cracks,which is not conducive to the occurrence of plate cracking before rockburst,and destroys the conditions for rockburst incubation.

^(68)Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT对胰腺癌的诊断价值及对肿瘤分期的影响

目的:探讨^(68)Ga标记的成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(fibroblast activation protein inhibitor,FAPI)-04正电子发射断层显像/X线计算机体层成像(positron emission tomography and computed tomography,PET/CT)对初诊胰腺癌的诊断价值及对肿瘤分期的影响。方法:回顾性收集2021年8月至2023年8月于重庆大学附属肿瘤医院就诊的134例因怀疑胰腺占位的患者临床及影像资料。分析^(68)Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT对胰腺癌原发灶及转移灶的诊断价值;并与传统CT比较,分析^(68)Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT对胰腺癌肿瘤分期的影响。结果:共计纳入134例患者,其中胰腺癌127例,良性病变7例。^(68)Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT对胰腺癌原发灶、区域淋巴结及远处转移灶检出率分别为100%(127/127)、68.63%(35/51),95.35%(41/43)。胰腺癌中位最大标准化摄取值(standard uptake value maxium,SUVmax)为14.92,高于胰腺良性病变中位SUVmax(6.1)(Z=−2.921,P=0.003)。与传统CT比较,^(68)Ga-FAPI PET/CT检查后共有32.28%(41/127)胰腺癌患者TNM分期发生改变。3.94%(5/127)患者改变了治疗方案。结论:^(68)Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT对胰腺癌原发灶诊断具有较高的敏感性,较传统CT可发现更多远处转移病灶,改善患者M分期,有助于全面评估全身肿瘤负荷、制定治疗计划。

Interseismic slip distribution and locking characteristics of the mid-southern segment of the Tanlu fault zone

We employ the block negative dislocation model to invert the distribution of fault coupling and slip rate deficit on the different segments of the Tanlu(Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone, according to the GPS horizontal velocity field from 1991 to 2007(the first phase) and 2013 to 2018(the second phase). By comparing the deformation characteristics results, we discuss the relationship between the deformation characteristics with the M earthquake in Japan. The results showed that the fault coupling rate of the northern section of Tancheng in the second phase reduced compared with that in the first phase. However, the results of the two phases showed that the northern section of Juxian still has a high coupling rate, a deep blocking depth, and a dextral compressive deficit, which is the enrapture section of the 1668 Tancheng earthquake. At the same time, the area strain results show that the strain rate of the central and eastern regions of the second phase is obviously enhanced compared with that of the first phase. The occurrence of the great earthquake in Japan has played a specific role in alleviating the strain accumulation in the middle and south sections of the Tanlu fault zone. The results of the maximum shear strain show that the shear strain in the middle section of the Tanlu fault zone in the second phase is weaker than that in the first phase, and the maximum shear strain in the southern section is stronger than that in the first phase. The fault coupling coefficient of the south Sihong to Jiashan section is high, and it is also the unruptured section of historical earthquakes. At the same time, small earthquakes in this area are not active and accumulate stress easily, so the future earthquake risk deserves attention.

Graphene quantum dots as sulfiphilic and lithiophilic mediator toward high stability and durable life lithium-sulfur batteries

The development of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery as one of the most attractive energy storage systems among lithium metal batteries is seriously hindered by low sulfur utilization, poor cycle stability and uneven redeposition of Li anode. It is necessary to propose strategies to address the problems as well as improve the electrochemical performance. One of the effective solutions is to improve the sulfiphilicity of sulfur cathode and the lithiophilicity of the Li anode. Herein, we reported that a synergistic functional separator(graphene quantum dots(GQDs)-polyacrylonitrile(PAN) @polypropylene(PP) separator)improved the electrochemical activity of sulfur cathode as well as the stability of Li anode. GQDs induced uniform Li^(+)nucleation and deposition, which slowed down the passivation of Li anode and avoided shortcircuit. Further, three-dimensional network constructed by electrospinning nanofibers and the polar functional groups of GQDs could both effectively inhibit the shuttle of LiPSs and improve the sulfur utilization. The stability of Li-S battery was improved by the synergistic effect. In addition, GQDs and electrospinning nanofibers protector increased lifetime of separators. Benefiting from the unique design strategy, Li//Li symmetric battery with GQDs-PAN@PP separators exhibited stably cycling for over 600 h. More importantly, the Li-S full batteries based GQDs-PAN@PP separators enabled high stability and desirable sulfur electrochemistry, including high reversibility of 558.09 mA h g^(-1)for 200 cycles and durable life with a low fading rate of 0.075% per cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5 C. Moreover, an impressive areal capacity of 3.23 mA h cm^(-2)was maintained under high sulfur loading of 5.10 mg cm^(-2). This work provides a new insight for modification separator to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S/Li metal batteries.

Measurement and model of density,viscosity,and hydrogen sulfide solubility in ferric chloride/trioctylmethylammonium chloride ionic liquid

The density and viscosity of ferric chloride/trioctylmethylammonium chloride ionic liquid(rFeCl_(3)/[A336]Cl)with different molar ratios(r=0.1-0.8)of FeCl_(3) to[A336]Cl were measured at temperatures from 313.15 to 358.15 K and atmospheric pressure.The density and viscosity data were fitted by the relevant temperature variation equations,respectively.The variation of density and viscosity with temperature and r was obtained.The solubility of rFeCl_(3)/[A336]Cl to H_2S was measured at temperatures from 318.15 to 348.15 K and pressures from 0 to 150 kPa.The effects of temperature,pressure,and r on the solubility of H_(2)S were discussed.The reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model(RETM)was used to fit the H_(2)S solubility data,and the average relative error was less than 1.3%,indicating that the model can relate the solubility data well.And Henry's constant and chemical reaction equilibrium constant were obtained by the RETM fitting.The relationships of Henry's constant and chemical reaction equilibrium constant with temperature and r were analyzed.

免疫检查点抑制剂在食管癌新辅助治疗中的应用进展

对于可切除食管癌患者,手术切除是最重要的治疗方式,但由于食管癌术后复发转移机率较高,因而根据个体情况选择围手术期治疗十分重要。随着人们对肿瘤免疫治疗方式的认可,免疫检查点抑制剂逐渐从后线、二线前移至一线乃至围手术期,其原理是通过抗体阻断免疫检查点,抵抗肿瘤免疫抑制,起到缩小肿瘤及防止复发的作用。抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体是最常用的免疫检查点抑制剂。多项临床试验正在探索新辅助免疫治疗联合化疗或放化疗治疗食管癌患者的应用模式,现有数据显示将免疫治疗应用于食管癌新辅助领域极具潜力,但仍需在更大样本量的临床试验中加以验证。当前仍有诸多问题亟待研究,如治疗的时机与疗程、生物标志物筛选等。本文就目前新辅助免疫治疗在食管癌中的临床研究进行综述。

Cancer nanotechnology: Enhancing tumor cell response to chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the deadliest cancers due to its complexities,reoccurrence after surgical resection,metastasis and heterogeneity.In addition to sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC approved by FDA,various strategies including transarterial chemoembolization,radiotherapy,locoregional therapy and chemotherapy have been investigated in clinics.Recently,cancer nanotechnology has got great attention for the treatment of various cancers including HCC.Both passive and active targetings are progressing at a steady rate.Herein,we describe the lessons learned from pathogenesis of HCC and the understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles used for the delivery of small molecules,monoclonal antibodies,miRNAs and peptides.Exploring current efficacy is to enhance tumor cell response of chemotherapy.It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanotechnologies in contemporary hepatocellular carcinoma therapy,where personalized medicine is increasingly becoming the mainstay.Overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of nanotechnology for treatment of HCC.

前列腺特异性膜抗原PET/CT对中高危前列腺癌初始TNM分期及临床治疗策略的影响

目的:评估前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen,PSMA)正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)对中高危前列腺癌初始临床分期及治疗策略的影响。方法:回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年11月63例于重庆大学附属肿瘤医院初诊的中高危前列腺癌患者的临床及影像资料。比较PSMA PET/CT和传统影像学对前列腺癌病灶检出率及TNM分期的差异,评估PSMA PET/CT对治疗计划的影响。结果:PSMA PET/CT对区域外淋巴结和骨转移的检出率分别为23.81%(15/63)和52.38%(33/63),较传统影像学的检出率3.17%(2/63)和25.40%(16/63)高,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。PSMA PET/CT检查后53.97%(34/63)患者TNM分期发生改变,N、M分期上调(均P<0.05);22.22%(14/63)患者的治疗计划发生改变。结论:PSMA PET/CT检查后上调中高危前列腺癌初始TNM分期中的N、M分期,导致超过20%患者临床治疗策略发生改变。PSMA PET/CT可成为精准评估中高危前列腺癌肿瘤负荷的首选影像学检查。

Dual-site collaboration boosts electrochemical nitrogen reduction on Ru-S-C single-atom catalyst

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen into ammonia(NH_(3))is a highly attractive but challenging route for NH_(3)production.We propose to realize a synergetic work of multi reaction sites to overcome the limitation of sustainable NH_(3)production.Herein,using ruthenium-sulfur-carbon(Ru-S-C)catalyst as a prototype,we show that the Ru/S dual-site cooperates to catalyse eletrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)at ambient conditions.With the combination of theoretical calculations,in situ Raman spectroscopy,and experimental observation,we demonstrate that such Ru/S dual-site cooperation greatly facilitates the activation and first protonation of N_(2)in the rate-determining step of eNRR.As a result,Ru-S-C catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced eNRR performance compared with the routine Ru-N-C catalyst via a single-site catalytic mechanism.We anticipate that our specifically designed dual-site collaborative catalytic mechanism will open up a new way to offers new opportunities for advancing sustainable NH_(3)production.

The code of targeted poverty alleviation in China:A geography perspective

Geography is suitable for the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective,which takes the human-land relationship as the core research.As a key obstacle to rural sustainability,poverty is an external manifestation of the coupling maladjustment of elements in human-land territorial systems.As the world’s largest developing country,China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 and made significant contributions to global poverty reduc-tion.Especially over the last eight years,China has implemented a targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy and has continuously promoted theoretical,organizational and institutional innovations for poverty reduction.From the perspective of geography,this paper extracts the experiences of China’s TPA strategy,represented by the"5W2H"mode.The research concludes that:(1)Precise identification,as the foundation of TPA,aims to in-troduce a registration system to obtain records of all poor households and then answer the"5W"(what,where,why,who,when)issues of the geography of poverty.(2)Precise assistance is the key of TPA,which aims to solve the issue of"how to offer help and support".The barriers to escaping poverty can be accomplished through poli-cies and measures that focus on the diverse causes of poverty and considering different situations.(3)Accurate assessments are an essential means of TPA,relevant to solve"how to measure the end of poverty alleviation",and third-party evaluations play an important role in improving the accuracy of poverty alleviation.(4)The TPA mechanism lies in reconstructing the human-land-industry structures in the impoverished areal system.It is urgent to introduce China’s successful experience and typical modes of TPA for global human-earth system coordination and sustainable development and contribute to building a community of human destiny.

Detecting Regional Deep Ocean Warming below 2000 Meter Based on Altimetry,GRACE,Argo,and CTD Data

The deep ocean below 2000 m is a large water body with the sparsest data coverage,challenging the closure of the sea-level budget and the estimation of the Earth’s energy imbalance.Whether the deep ocean below 2000 m is warming globally has been debated in the recent decade.However,as the regional signals are generally larger than the global average,it is intriguing to investigate the regional temperature changes.Here,we adopt an indirect method that combines altimetry,GRACE,and Argo data to examine the global and regional deep ocean temperature changes below 2000 m.The consistency between high-quality conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD)data from repeated hydrographic sections and our results confirms the validity of the indirect method.We find that the deep oceans are warming in the Middle East Indian Ocean,the subtropical North and Southwest Pacific,and the Northeast Atlantic,but cooling in the Northwest Atlantic and Southern oceans from 2005 to 2015.

Multiscale structural engineering of atomically dispersed FeN4 electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Atomically dispersed iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C) catalysts have emerged as the most promising alternative to the expensive Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),however suffer from low site density of active Fe-N4 moiety and limited mass transport during the catalytic reaction.To address these challenges,we report a three-dimensional(3D) metal-organic frameworks(MOF)-derived Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst.In this well-designed Fe-N-C catalyst,the micro-scale interconnected skeleton,the nano-scale ordered pores and the atomic-scale abundant carbon edge defects inside the skeleton significantly enhance the site density of active Fe-N4 moiety,thus improving the Fe utilization in the final catalyst.Moreover,the combination of the above mentioned micro-and nano-scale structures greatly facilitates the mass transport in the 3D Fe-N-C catalyst.Therefore,the multiscale engineered Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst achieves excellent ORR performance under acidic condition and affords a significantly enhanced current density and power density in PEMFC.Our findings may open new opportunities for the rational design of FeN-C catalysts through multiscale structural engineering.

Daicong solution effects on brain ultrastructure in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND： Infusion of kainic acid into the basal nuclei induces neuronal excitotoxicity, degeneration and necrosis, resulting in disturbed learning and memory functions. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of different doses of traditional Chinese medicine Daicong solution on brain ultrastructure in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, cellular morphology experiment was performed at the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology of Weifang Medical University, China from October 2006 to March 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty healthy, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 22-months, were used to establish rat models of Alzheimer＇s disease. The Morris water maze was prepared at the Pharmacometrics Key Laboratory of Weifang Medical University in Shandong Province of China. Traditional Chinese medicine Daicong solution （crude drug 1 g/mL）, composed of radix ginseng, rehmannia dried rhizome, anemarrhenae and radix astragali, was produced by the Department of Pharmacy of Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University. Kainic acid was provided by Professor Xiuyan Li from Weifang Medical University. METHODS： A total of 40 model rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups： dementia model, low-dose Daicong solution （5 g/kg/d）, moderate-dose Daicong solution （10 g/kg/d）, and high-dose Daicong solution （20 g/kg/d）. An additional 10 healthy rats served as the normal control group. Rats in the dementia model and normal control groups received saline （10 mL/kg/d）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neural cell ultrastructure was observed utilizing electron microscopy after 1 month of respective treatments. RESULTS： Compared with the normal control group, electron density and the number of ribosomes were significantly reduced in neuronal cytoplasm, and many lipofuscin grains and vacuole-like changes were observed in mitochondria in the dementia model group. In addition, nuclear chromatin presented with different sizes of plaque-shaped degenerative pathological changes. In the Alzheimer＇s disease rat model, neurons and neuroepithelial cells recovered to normal conditions following treatment with moderate- and high-dose Daicong solution. In the low-dose Daicong group, the condition was slightly improved, but the cytopathic effects were still significant. CONCLUSION： Daicong solution significantly improved neuronal and neuroepithelial pathological ultrastructure in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease.

Determination of the surface states from the ultrafast electronic states in a thermoelectric material

We reveal the electronic structure in Yb Cd_(2)Sb_(2),a thermoelectric material,by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)and time-resolved ARPES(tr ARPES).Specifically,three bulk bands at the vicinity of the Fermi level are evidenced near the Brillouin zone center,consistent with the density functional theory(DFT)calculation.It is interesting that the spin-unpolarized bulk bands respond unexpectedly to right-and left-handed circularly polarized probe.In addition,a hole band of surface states,which is not sensitive to the polarization of the probe beam and is not expected from the DFT calculation,is identified.We find that the non-equilibrium quasiparticle recovery rate is much smaller in the surface states than that of the bulk states.Our results demonstrate that the surface states can be distinguished from the bulk ones from a view of time scale in the nonequilibrium physics.

A ResNet-based approach for accurate radiographic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis

Currently X-ray images are clinically graded by experienced clinicians using the Kellgren and Lawrence(KL)scoring method.However,individual scoring is subjective and error prone.This study proposes an approach for automated knee osteoarthritis classification based on deep neural networks.The knee X-ray images are first preprocessed with frequency-domain filtering and histogram normalisation,making the trabecular bone texture more obvious and benefiting the subsequent classification task.Then,a two-step classification strategy is proposed by extracting the joint centre based on the VGG network and classifying osteoarthritis grades based on the ResNet-50 network.In addition,a rebalance operation is proposed to deal with the dataset unbalance problem,and a quick search technique is proposed to improve the iterative search efficiency for the joint centre.With all of these techniques,a classification accuracy of 81.41%is obtained,which is higher compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Screening of Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 and Its Biocontrol Effect on Fusarium wilt in Sweet Potato

Fusarium wilt,a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas(Fob)is an important disease in sweet potato production.Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways.A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture.According to the biological characteristics,16S rDNA sequence analysis,and physiological and biochemical analysis,the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named.A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01,and the endogenous hormone content,antioxidant enzyme activity,soluble protein content,and related gene expressions of sweet potato plants were detected.The results showed that the HAAS01 strain could promote the production of endogenous hormones and resist the infection of plant diseases together with defensive enzymes and upregulation of related gene expressions.In summary,Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was effective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sweet potato and has potential for application and development.

Unusual Band Splitting and Superconducting Gap Evolution with Sulfur Substitution in FeSe

High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements were taken on FeSe;S;(x=0,0.04,and 0.08)superconductors.With an ultrahigh energy resolution of 0.4 meV,unusual two hole bands near the Brillouin-zone center,which was possibly a result of additional symmetry breaking,were identified in all the sulfur-substituted samples.In addition,in both of the hole bands highly anisotropic superconducting gaps with resolution limited nodes were evidenced.We find that the larger superconducting gap on the outer hole band is reduced linearly to the nematic transition temperature while the gap on the inner hole is nearly S-substitution independent.Our observations strongly suggest that the superconducting gap increases with enhanced nematicity although the superconducting transition temperature is not only governed by the pairing strength,demonstrating strong constraints on theories in the FeSe family.

Performance Comparisons of Five Different SPF Mouse Transport Containers

[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subsequent improvement of transport containers.[Methods]In this study,5 different transport containers were selected,and their microbial filtration performance,ventilation,sterilization method and flux,and other related design and construction were analyzed.[Results]The results showed all 5 SPF mouse transport containers can provide enough air for the survival of mouse and protect them from bacterial infections.Transport container B and D are superior to others on one-time sterilization flux and deformation degree after autoclaving.Furthermore,taking into account the related design and construction of these transport containers,such as viewing window and carrying handle,the result of comprehensive comparison is that the transport container D>A>E>C>B.[Conclusions]In summary,the 5 SPF transport containers tested in this study can all satisfy the basic demand of SPF mouse transportation,but each transport container has its own advantages and disadvantages on storage space,deformation degree after autoclaving and other aspects.Thus,SPF mouse transport containers should be selected by different demand.

A Multiplex Autoantibody Panel for Early Detection of Autoimmune Disease Activity

Background: Detection of autoantibodies has played a consolidate role in diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disorders. A cascade autoantibody testing is usually performed by employing antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test as a first screening test and the other tests as second level determinations. Here, we present that supplementing extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) tests to the ANA test may capture more autoimmunity and provide critical medical information at an early stage. In this study, we?evaluated the clinical significance of a multiplex ANA + ENA panel. Methods: A cohort of 110 subjects, identified as ANA negative but ENA positive, were followed up for two years. The detection of their ANA and anti-ENA autoantibodies was assessed with a multiplex ANA + ENA panel at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. Results: During two years of multi-visit follow-up, 23 out of 110 subjects (20.9%) were found to become ANA positive within an average of 385 (±144) days. Histone (50/110, 45.5%) and Chromatin (25/110, 22.7%) antibodies were the most frequently found antibodies at their first visits. The subjects who were positive for RNP (5/8, 62.5%) and SSA (Ro) (10/22, 45.5%) have the highest ratio of conversion to positive ANA. No significant correlation was observed between the conversion frequency and the number of anti-ENA antibodies being carried. Conclusion: This study, which followed up on the subjects who had disparate ANA and ENA test results, showed that anti-ENA antibodies may exist years earlier than ANA. Combining ENA tests with ANA screening may reduce false negatives and improve sensitivity.

Comparison of Physical Properties and Microbial Indexes of Five Kinds of Commercial Corncob Beddings

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mouse beddings from commercial corncob bedding(A-E)produced by five different manufacturers.[Methods]The physical properties and microbial indexes of the five kinds of corncob bedding were studied by means of visual inspection,dust content determination,moisture content determination,water absorption tests and microbial detection.[Results]In visual inspection,corncob bedding A was better than other four kinds.During dust content determination,corncob bedding D was higher than other 4 kinds(1.83%±0.2983%,P<0.05).In terms of moisture content,the moisture contents of the five kinds of corncob bedding were less than or equal to 10%.In the water absorption test,the water absorption capacities of the five kinds of bedding before autoclaving were all greater than 150%,and the water absorption of corncob bedding D after autoclaving was better than other four kinds(171.0±5.3,P<0.05).During microbial detection,the total number of colonies of corncob bedding B before autoclaving was higher than those of other four types(1.42×10^(5)±4.3×10^(4),P<0.05).The five kinds of commercial corncob bedding have different physical parameters and microbial conditions,and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.When purchasing and selecting corncob bedding,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the needs of daily feeding work,and choose bedding according to the effects on the health and welfare of experimental animals.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for selecting suitable corncob bedding for mouse.