Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling texti...Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling textiles to display is weaving light-emitting fibers into textiles and designing control circuits.However,it remains challenging for the current electronic textiles to display full-color images and videos.Here,we demonstrate a large-area integrated electronic textile system(with a size of 72 cm×50 cm)by weaving light-emitting diode(LED)fibers,touch-sensing fibers and polyester fibers,which could display full-color images(with a gamut of 117.6%NTSC)and continuous videos(with a refresh rate of 11.7 Hz)by designing low-voltage supply mode and parallelly transmitting circuits.After integration of touch-sensing fibers,such textile system could achieve various touch display and interactive functions like smart phones or computers,including hand input of text,hand painting,computing and playing games.The stability and durability of textile system withstanding 5000 bending cycles was also demonstrated for wearable applications.The integrated electronic textile system shows similar flexibility and breathability with regular textiles,which is promising to serve as new human-machine interface to change the way in which people interact with electronics.展开更多
In this study, significant rainfall microphysical variability is revealed for the extremely heavy rainfall event over Henan Province in July 2021(the “21·7” Henan EHR event) using a dense network of disdrometer...In this study, significant rainfall microphysical variability is revealed for the extremely heavy rainfall event over Henan Province in July 2021(the “21·7” Henan EHR event) using a dense network of disdrometers and two polarimetric radars.The broad distributions of specific drop size distribution(DSD) parameters are identified in heavy rainfall from the disdrometer observations, indicating obvious microphysical variability on the surface. A K-means clustering algorithm is adopted to objectively classify the disdrometer datasets into separate groups, and distinct DSD characteristics are found among these heavy rainfall groups. Combined with the supporting microphysical structures obtained through radar observations, comprehensive microphysical features of the DSD groups are derived. An extreme rainfall group is dominantly formed in the deep convection over the plain regions, where the high number of concentrations and large mean sizes of surface raindrops are underpinned by both active ice-phase processes and efficient warm-rain collision-coalescence processes in the vertical direction. Convection located near orographic regions is characterized by restricted ice-phase processes and high coalescence efficiency of liquid hydrometeors, causing the dominant DSD group to comprise negligible large raindrops. Multiple DSD groups can coexist within certain precipitation episodes at the disdrometer stations, indicating the potential microphysical variability during the passage of convective system on the plain regions.展开更多
Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of ECand searching for new targeted therapi...Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of ECand searching for new targeted therapies are the current research hotspot for EC treatment.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are endogenous RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides,but without proteincoding function.In recent years,lncRNAs have gradually become the focuses in the field of non-coding RNA.Some lncRNAs have been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC.Many lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in EC and participate in many biological processes including cell proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis by inhibiting or promoting target gene expression.LncRNAs can also regulate the progression of EC through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT),which is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of EC.In this article,we review and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in the progression of EC.展开更多
Graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） is the most common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To clarify the role of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）, which is a major receptor for bacterial lipopolys...Graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） is the most common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To clarify the role of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）, which is a major receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharides （LPS）, in the development of acute GVHD, we used a TLR4-knockout （TLR4-/-） mouse GVHD model and analyzed the underlying immunological mechanisms. When TLR4-/- mice were used as bone marrow and splenocyte cell graft donors or recipients, GVHD symptom occurrence and mortality were delayed compared to wild-type （TLR4＋/＋） mice. In addition, histopathological analyses revealed that in TLR4-/-→BALB/c chimeras, liver and small intestine tissue damage was reduced with minimal lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast to TLR4＋/＋, TLR4-/- mice dendritic cells did not express CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II or IL-12 during LPS induction and remained in an immature state. Furthermore, the ability of TLR4-/- mice spleen dendritic cells to promote allogeneic T-cell proliferation and, in particular, T-helper cell 1 （Th 1） development was obviously attenuated compared with TLR4＋/＋ mice dendritic cells, and the levels of interferon-T （IFN-γ） and IL-IO, Th2-cell specific cytokines, were significantly higher in the serum of TLR4-/-→BALB/c than in TLR4＋/＋→BALB/c chimeric mice. Overall, our data revealed that TLR4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GVHD and that targeted TLR4 gene therapy might provide a new treatment approach to reduce the risk of GVHD.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),a frequently-occurring disease during pregnancy,may cause some adverse healthy outcome of both mother and offspring.However,the knowledge about metabolite alterations during the path...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),a frequently-occurring disease during pregnancy,may cause some adverse healthy outcome of both mother and offspring.However,the knowledge about metabolite alterations during the pathogenesis and development process is limited.Here,a large longitudinal nontargeted metabolomics study of 195 pregnant women(64 women with subsequently developed GDM and131 healthy controls)was conducted.Each participant provided urine samples at three timepoints during early,middle and late pregnancy,respectively.The metabolic profiles of 585 urine samples(195×3)were measured by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.Among the 56 identified metabolites,the levels of eight metabolites increased and three ones decreased in the first trimester,the concentration of one metabolite increased and those of 20 decreased in the second trimester,as well as the levels of five metabolites increased and two decreased in the third trimester.After false discovery rate correction,the levels of valine and 5-acetamidovalerate in GDM group significantly increased in the first trimester,the levels of 1-methylguanine and 1,3-dihydro-(2 H)-indol-2-one significantly decreased in the second trimester and three metabolites(threonine,OH-octanedioyl-carnitine and pimelylcarnitine)increased and N-acetyltryptophan decreased in the third trimester,respectively.Six metabolites,such as pantothenic acid and threonine,had significant interaction effects between gestational stage(different trimester)and group(GDM or control).The differential metabolites were involved in“tryptophan metabolism”,“purine metabolism”,“valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation”and other pathways.The findings may provide insights into further pathogenesis study of GDM.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are crystalline porous polymers with designable structures and properties.Their crystallization typically relies on trialand-error experimentation involving harsh conditions,including ...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are crystalline porous polymers with designable structures and properties.Their crystallization typically relies on trialand-error experimentation involving harsh conditions,including organic solvents,presenting significant obstacles for rational design and large-scale production.Herein,we present a liquid crystal-directed synthesis methodology and its implementation for up to gram-scale production of highly crystalline COFs in water and air.It is compatible with monomers of different structures,shape,size,length of side chains,and electron-donating,electron-accepting,and heterocyclic substitutions near reactive sites.Seventeen types of donor-acceptor two-dimensional COFs including four types of new ones and a three-dimensional COF with a yield of up to 94%were demonstrated,showing great generality of the method.The as-synthesized donor-acceptor COFs are organic semiconductors and contain macropores besides intrinsic mesopores which make them attractive catalysts.The production of H_(2)O_(2)under visible light in water was studied and the structure-property relationships were revealed.The production rate reached 4347μmol h^(−1)gcat^(−1),which is about 467%better than that of the benchmark photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4).This study will inspire the mild synthesis and scale-up of a wide spectrum of COFs and organic semiconductors as efficient catalysts,promote their structure-property investigation,and boost their applications.展开更多
Mesoporous γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres were synthesized using superparamagnetic Fe304 nanoparticles as the core and aluminum isopropoxide （ALP） as the aluminum source. The obtained magnetic nanomicrosph...Mesoporous γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres were synthesized using superparamagnetic Fe304 nanoparticles as the core and aluminum isopropoxide （ALP） as the aluminum source. The obtained magnetic nanomicrospheres were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry （VSM）. The effects of preparation parameters such as hydrolysis time of AIP, concentration of AlP and coating layer number on microspheres were investigated. The results indicated that the mesoporous γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres consisted of a mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell and a Fe3O4 magnetic core. The diameter of γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 nanomicrospheres was about 200 nm, the thickness of mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell was about 5 nm and the average pore size was 3.8 nm. The thickness of the mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell could be controlled via layer-by-layer coating times. The formation mechanism of the mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell involved a ＂chemisorption-hydrolysis＂ process.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a high-prevalence disease and diagnosed in middle pregnancy.Acylcarnitines are a series of fatty acid esters of carnitine and play important roles in fatty acid and carbohydrate me...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a high-prevalence disease and diagnosed in middle pregnancy.Acylcarnitines are a series of fatty acid esters of carnitine and play important roles in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism.However,the role of acylcarnitine on the development of GDM remains unclear.This case-control study involving 214 study participants(107 GDM cases and 107 matched controls)was conducted in a cohort,in China,from 2013 to 2015.The levels of carnitine and 36 acylcarnitines in serum samples collected at the early stage of pregnancy were determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The associations of the levels of the 37 targeted compounds with GDM risk were investigated by using binary conditional logistic regression models.Alterations in acylcarnitine levels were observed 9–17 weeks before GDM diagnosis.The increases in levels of propionyl-carnitine,malonyl-carnitine,isovaleryl-carnitine,palmitoyl-carnitine and linoleoyl-carnitine were associated with GDM risk with odds ratios(ORs)per standard deviation(SD)increment greater than 1(p<0.05),after adjustment for potential confounding factors(pre-pregnancy body mass index and parity).On the contrary,the increases of decanoyl-carnitine,decenoyl-carnitine,tetradecenoyl-carnitine,tetradecandienoylcarnitine levels were associated with the reduced risk for GDM(ORs per SD<1,p<0.05).To our knowledge,the present study is the largest case-control study to investigate the association between early-pregnancy acylcarnitine levels in serum and GDM risk.The findings add to the evidence for the association between acylcarnitine levels and GDM risk.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(MOST)(2022YFA1203001,2022YFA1203002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(T2321003,22335003,T2222005,22175042)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM)(21511104900)。
文摘Smart electronic textiles with electronic functions like displaying can provide transformative opportunities for wearable devices that traditional rigid devices are hard to realize.A general strategy of enabling textiles to display is weaving light-emitting fibers into textiles and designing control circuits.However,it remains challenging for the current electronic textiles to display full-color images and videos.Here,we demonstrate a large-area integrated electronic textile system(with a size of 72 cm×50 cm)by weaving light-emitting diode(LED)fibers,touch-sensing fibers and polyester fibers,which could display full-color images(with a gamut of 117.6%NTSC)and continuous videos(with a refresh rate of 11.7 Hz)by designing low-voltage supply mode and parallelly transmitting circuits.After integration of touch-sensing fibers,such textile system could achieve various touch display and interactive functions like smart phones or computers,including hand input of text,hand painting,computing and playing games.The stability and durability of textile system withstanding 5000 bending cycles was also demonstrated for wearable applications.The integrated electronic textile system shows similar flexibility and breathability with regular textiles,which is promising to serve as new human-machine interface to change the way in which people interact with electronics.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42025501, 42005009, 41875053, U2142203)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1501703)+1 种基金the Basic Research Fund of CAMS (Grant No. 2021Z003)the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (Grant No. 2020LASW-A01)。
文摘In this study, significant rainfall microphysical variability is revealed for the extremely heavy rainfall event over Henan Province in July 2021(the “21·7” Henan EHR event) using a dense network of disdrometers and two polarimetric radars.The broad distributions of specific drop size distribution(DSD) parameters are identified in heavy rainfall from the disdrometer observations, indicating obvious microphysical variability on the surface. A K-means clustering algorithm is adopted to objectively classify the disdrometer datasets into separate groups, and distinct DSD characteristics are found among these heavy rainfall groups. Combined with the supporting microphysical structures obtained through radar observations, comprehensive microphysical features of the DSD groups are derived. An extreme rainfall group is dominantly formed in the deep convection over the plain regions, where the high number of concentrations and large mean sizes of surface raindrops are underpinned by both active ice-phase processes and efficient warm-rain collision-coalescence processes in the vertical direction. Convection located near orographic regions is characterized by restricted ice-phase processes and high coalescence efficiency of liquid hydrometeors, causing the dominant DSD group to comprise negligible large raindrops. Multiple DSD groups can coexist within certain precipitation episodes at the disdrometer stations, indicating the potential microphysical variability during the passage of convective system on the plain regions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(202300410460)Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Project Joint Construction Project(Grant No.LHGJ20190003,LHGJ20190055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31670895).
文摘Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of ECand searching for new targeted therapies are the current research hotspot for EC treatment.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are endogenous RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides,but without proteincoding function.In recent years,lncRNAs have gradually become the focuses in the field of non-coding RNA.Some lncRNAs have been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC.Many lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in EC and participate in many biological processes including cell proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis by inhibiting or promoting target gene expression.LncRNAs can also regulate the progression of EC through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT),which is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of EC.In this article,we review and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in the progression of EC.
基金We are grateful to Miao Chen, Qiangguo Gao and Yiqi Liu （Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China） for technical support and offer special thanks to Professor Qing Yi （M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA） for helpful guidance in the experiments. We thank Shizuo Akira （Osaka University, Osaka, Japan） for originally providing key mouse strains. This work was supported by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （no. 30772502 and 30973455）, Zhejiang Major Medical and the Health Science and Technology ＆ Ministry of Health of the Chinese Government （no. WKJ2009-2-022）. This work was also supported by the Major Research Plan of the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation （no. 91029740）, Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department Foundation （no. 2009C03012-2） and Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents.
文摘Graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） is the most common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To clarify the role of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）, which is a major receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharides （LPS）, in the development of acute GVHD, we used a TLR4-knockout （TLR4-/-） mouse GVHD model and analyzed the underlying immunological mechanisms. When TLR4-/- mice were used as bone marrow and splenocyte cell graft donors or recipients, GVHD symptom occurrence and mortality were delayed compared to wild-type （TLR4＋/＋） mice. In addition, histopathological analyses revealed that in TLR4-/-→BALB/c chimeras, liver and small intestine tissue damage was reduced with minimal lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast to TLR4＋/＋, TLR4-/- mice dendritic cells did not express CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II or IL-12 during LPS induction and remained in an immature state. Furthermore, the ability of TLR4-/- mice spleen dendritic cells to promote allogeneic T-cell proliferation and, in particular, T-helper cell 1 （Th 1） development was obviously attenuated compared with TLR4＋/＋ mice dendritic cells, and the levels of interferon-T （IFN-γ） and IL-IO, Th2-cell specific cytokines, were significantly higher in the serum of TLR4-/-→BALB/c than in TLR4＋/＋→BALB/c chimeric mice. Overall, our data revealed that TLR4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GVHD and that targeted TLR4 gene therapy might provide a new treatment approach to reduce the risk of GVHD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177412 and 21437002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC1600500 and 2019YFC1804602)。
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),a frequently-occurring disease during pregnancy,may cause some adverse healthy outcome of both mother and offspring.However,the knowledge about metabolite alterations during the pathogenesis and development process is limited.Here,a large longitudinal nontargeted metabolomics study of 195 pregnant women(64 women with subsequently developed GDM and131 healthy controls)was conducted.Each participant provided urine samples at three timepoints during early,middle and late pregnancy,respectively.The metabolic profiles of 585 urine samples(195×3)were measured by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.Among the 56 identified metabolites,the levels of eight metabolites increased and three ones decreased in the first trimester,the concentration of one metabolite increased and those of 20 decreased in the second trimester,as well as the levels of five metabolites increased and two decreased in the third trimester.After false discovery rate correction,the levels of valine and 5-acetamidovalerate in GDM group significantly increased in the first trimester,the levels of 1-methylguanine and 1,3-dihydro-(2 H)-indol-2-one significantly decreased in the second trimester and three metabolites(threonine,OH-octanedioyl-carnitine and pimelylcarnitine)increased and N-acetyltryptophan decreased in the third trimester,respectively.Six metabolites,such as pantothenic acid and threonine,had significant interaction effects between gestational stage(different trimester)and group(GDM or control).The differential metabolites were involved in“tryptophan metabolism”,“purine metabolism”,“valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation”and other pathways.The findings may provide insights into further pathogenesis study of GDM.
基金The authors thank financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51873236,52061135103,52173296,51801238,and 51833011)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(China)(no.2018A030313458).Material characterizations were supported by instrumental analysis and research center of Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are crystalline porous polymers with designable structures and properties.Their crystallization typically relies on trialand-error experimentation involving harsh conditions,including organic solvents,presenting significant obstacles for rational design and large-scale production.Herein,we present a liquid crystal-directed synthesis methodology and its implementation for up to gram-scale production of highly crystalline COFs in water and air.It is compatible with monomers of different structures,shape,size,length of side chains,and electron-donating,electron-accepting,and heterocyclic substitutions near reactive sites.Seventeen types of donor-acceptor two-dimensional COFs including four types of new ones and a three-dimensional COF with a yield of up to 94%were demonstrated,showing great generality of the method.The as-synthesized donor-acceptor COFs are organic semiconductors and contain macropores besides intrinsic mesopores which make them attractive catalysts.The production of H_(2)O_(2)under visible light in water was studied and the structure-property relationships were revealed.The production rate reached 4347μmol h^(−1)gcat^(−1),which is about 467%better than that of the benchmark photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4).This study will inspire the mild synthesis and scale-up of a wide spectrum of COFs and organic semiconductors as efficient catalysts,promote their structure-property investigation,and boost their applications.
基金Financial funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21173018 and 21136001)
文摘Mesoporous γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres were synthesized using superparamagnetic Fe304 nanoparticles as the core and aluminum isopropoxide （ALP） as the aluminum source. The obtained magnetic nanomicrospheres were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry （VSM）. The effects of preparation parameters such as hydrolysis time of AIP, concentration of AlP and coating layer number on microspheres were investigated. The results indicated that the mesoporous γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres consisted of a mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell and a Fe3O4 magnetic core. The diameter of γ-AIOOH@Fe3O4 nanomicrospheres was about 200 nm, the thickness of mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell was about 5 nm and the average pore size was 3.8 nm. The thickness of the mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell could be controlled via layer-by-layer coating times. The formation mechanism of the mesoporous γ-AIOOH shell involved a ＂chemisorption-hydrolysis＂ process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21437002)the General Research Fund(12319716)from Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a high-prevalence disease and diagnosed in middle pregnancy.Acylcarnitines are a series of fatty acid esters of carnitine and play important roles in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism.However,the role of acylcarnitine on the development of GDM remains unclear.This case-control study involving 214 study participants(107 GDM cases and 107 matched controls)was conducted in a cohort,in China,from 2013 to 2015.The levels of carnitine and 36 acylcarnitines in serum samples collected at the early stage of pregnancy were determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The associations of the levels of the 37 targeted compounds with GDM risk were investigated by using binary conditional logistic regression models.Alterations in acylcarnitine levels were observed 9–17 weeks before GDM diagnosis.The increases in levels of propionyl-carnitine,malonyl-carnitine,isovaleryl-carnitine,palmitoyl-carnitine and linoleoyl-carnitine were associated with GDM risk with odds ratios(ORs)per standard deviation(SD)increment greater than 1(p<0.05),after adjustment for potential confounding factors(pre-pregnancy body mass index and parity).On the contrary,the increases of decanoyl-carnitine,decenoyl-carnitine,tetradecenoyl-carnitine,tetradecandienoylcarnitine levels were associated with the reduced risk for GDM(ORs per SD<1,p<0.05).To our knowledge,the present study is the largest case-control study to investigate the association between early-pregnancy acylcarnitine levels in serum and GDM risk.The findings add to the evidence for the association between acylcarnitine levels and GDM risk.
