Impacts of different methylprednisolone administration routes in patients with sudden hearing loss or Meniere’s disease

Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to investigate effects of different glucocorticoid administration methods on sudden hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.Methods:In this study,glucocorticoids were administered orally in 18 patients,by retroauricular injection in 15 patients and by intratympanic injection in 15 patients.White blood cell(WBC)count,serum Kt,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),body temperature,heart rate and blood pressure were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on patients with hearing loss.Visual analog scale(VAS)of pain and sleep disorders were also surveyed,and pure tone audiometry(PTA)results were compared among groups to evaluate efficacy of different glucocorticoids administration methods.Result:WBC count,heart rate and blood pressure were higher in patients taking oral glucocorticoids,while body temperature,serum Kt and FPG levels did not change in all three groups.However,patients who received intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids experienced more pain,while those taking oral glucocorticoids reported more sleep impairment.Treatment efficacy on hearing loss was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusion:These findings suggest that systemic glucocorticoid administration can result in greater whole body responses than local administration,but with similar hearing treatment efficacy.

Toward practical photoelectrochemical water splitting and CO_(2) reduction using earth-abundant materials

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)fuel generation from water splitting and CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)R)utilizing solar energy holds immense potential to solve the current energy and environmental issues.In the past decades,numerous studies have been devoted to this fast-growing research field,and it is essential to develop efficient photoelectrodes with earth-abundant materials for the practical application of PEC systems.A thorough review of earth-abundant materials and associated devices for PEC fuel generation is beneficial to uncover the inherent obstacles and pave the way for future research.Herein,we summarize the recent progress of earth-abundant light-absorbers and cocatalysts in the PEC systems.The unbiased configurations and scaling-up strategies of PEC devices using earth-abundant materials are examined.A comparison between PEC water splitting and CO_(2)R is carried out to promote better understanding of the design principles for practical materials and devices.Last,the prospects on advanced materials,underlying mechanisms,and reaction systems of PEC water splitting and CO_(2)R are proposed.

Application of high resolution computer tomography in external ear canal cholesteatoma diagnosis

Objective: To evaluate High Resolution Computer Tomography(HRCT) in the diagnosis of external ear canal cholesteatoma.Methods: In this retrospective study, HRCTs of 27 patients with external ear canal cholesteatoma were reviewed. The changes in the external ear canal, tympanic membrane(TM), scutum, tympanum and mastoid were measured and categorized.Results: Fourteen patients showed no or mild destruction in the external ear canal(stage Ⅰ group). Eight patients had obvious enlargement in the external ear canal(stage Ⅱ group) but showed limited destructions of the mastoid bone and no damage of the tympanums. Five patients had serious destruction of the mastoid bone and damage of the tympanum(stage Ⅲ group). All patients in the stage Ⅲ group showed a compression of manubriums and TMs, with 3 having damages on ossicular chain. Bone destruction of the vertical section of facial nerve canal was discovered in one case in the stage Ⅲ group.Conclusion: HRCT can provide detail information about the extent of external ear canal cholesteatoma. Such information can be used to identify special situations with serious complications and to differentiate external ear canal cholesteatoma from middle ear cholesteatoma.

Synergy of porous structure and cation doping in Ta3N5 photoanode towards improved photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Herein,a cross-linked porous Ta3N5 film was prepared via a simple solution combustion route followed by a high-temperature nitridation process for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water oxidation.Meanwhile,the metal cations(Mg2+ and Zr4+) were incorporated into the porous Ta3N5 to enhance the PEC performance.The porous Mg/Zr co-doped Ta3N5 photoanode yielded a photocurrent density of 1.40 mA cm^(-2) at 1.23 V vs RHE,which is 5.6 times higher than that of the dense Ta3N5 photoanode.The enhanced performance should be ascribed to the synergistic effect of porous structure and cation doping,which can enlarge the electrochemical active surface area and accelerate the charge transfer by introducing ON substitution defects.Subsequently,Co(OH)2 cocatalyst was loaded on the Mg/Zr-Ta3N5 photoanode to negatively shift the onset potential to 0.45 V vs RHE and further improve the photocurrent density to 3.5 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE,with a maximum half-cell solar to hydrogen efficiency of 0.45%.The present study provides a new strategy to design efficient Ta3N5 photoelectrodes via the simultaneous control of the morphology and composition.

Chemical vapor deposition growth of large-scale hexagonal boron nitride with controllable orientation

有一致厚度的大域的六角形的硼氮化物(h-BN ) 的化学蒸汽免职(CVD ) 合成是很挑战性的，主要由于这材料的极其高的成核密度。此处，我们报导晶片规模的成功的生长，有大单人赛水晶的领域尺寸的高质量的 h-BN 单层电影，吗直到~ 72 ??????????????????????????慮潮档湡敮獬???????慮潮畴敢??洠獥灯牯????  ？？

Direct low-temperature synthesis of graphene on various glasses by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for versatile, cost-effective electrodes

在低温度的各种各样的玻璃底层上的 graphene 的没有催化剂、可伸缩的合成具有到象便宜透明电子学和最先进的显示器那样的众多的应用程序的首要的意义。然而，在这个有希望的研究领域以内的系统的学习远这样仍然保持少见。此处，我们用一个低温度的提高血浆的化学蒸汽免职方法在各种各样的眼镜上报导 graphene 的直接生长。如此的一条灵巧、可伸缩的途径在 400600 的一个生长温度范围在各种各样的玻璃底层上保证一致、没有转移的 graphene

新型磷化铜/氮化碳p-n异质结光催化剂的太阳能产氢性能研究（英文）

开发高效的异质结光催化剂促进电荷的分离和转移对提高太阳能光催化产氢性能至关重要.本文采用p型的磷化铜和n型的氮化碳形成p-n结来促进电荷分离和转移,从而提高光催化产氢性能.与纯的氮化碳相比,磷化铜/氮化碳p-n异质结光催化剂的产氢性能提高了95倍,在420纳米处的量子效率达到2.6%.我们通过荧光光谱,表面光电压谱以及电化学测试进一步分析反应机理,发现显著提高的光催化产氢性能应归因于p-n异质结光催化剂中高效的电荷分离.本研究表明形成p-n异质结是开发高效光催化剂的一种有效途径.

Yolk-shell structured Co-C/Void/Co9S8 composites with a tunable cavity for ultrabroadband and efficient low- frequency microwave absorption

A yolk-shell structured Co-C/Void/CogS8 ternary composite composed of a Co nanoparticle-embedded porous carbon core and Co9S8 shell was synthesized by the sulfidation of a Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework and subsequent pyrolysis. The composition and interior cavity of the Co-C/Void/CogS8 composite could be precisely modulated by controlling the sulfidation reaction. Due to the abundant heterointerfaces, well-controlled cavity, and magnetic-dielectric synergistic effects, the Co-C/Void/CogS8 exhibited excellent and tunable microwave- absorbing properties. The optimized Co-C/Void/Cog~ having a loading of 25 wt.% and thickness only 2.2 mm, displayed an ultrabroad absorption bandwidth of 8.2 GHz at high frequencies. Moreover, the composite could achieve an extremely high reflection loss of -54.02 dB at low frequencies by adjusting its loading to 30 wt.%. This study provides a new insight into promising lightweight microwave-absorbing materials with ultrabroad absorption bandwidths and strong low-frequency absorption.

Synthesis and application of transition metal phosphides as electrocatalyst for water splitting

With continuous research on photocatalytic water splitting, searching for efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) becomes popular topic in addition to main catalyst research. Transition metal phosphides are receiving intense attention due to its abundance in the Earth's crust and comparable catalytic properties to noble metals. In this review, the synthesis approaches, HER reaction mechanism,photocatalytic activity, approaches to improve the activity of transition metal phosphides were reviewed and discussed. It was showed that the transition metal phosphides have great potential to reduce the cost of photocatalyst and promising application on water splitting. The stability problem and participation of poisonous reactant and product in its synthesis reaction limit its application and developing in a certain extent, but with the continuous efforts on the development and improvement of the synthesis methods,transition metal phosphides will find wide application in water splitting.

Recent advances in photodynamic therapy based on emerging two-dimensional layered nanomaterials

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a promising non-invasive therapy approach for various diseases including malignant tumor.The process of PDT involves three interrelated aspects,namely photosensitizer(PS),light source,and oxygen,among which PS is the decisive factor that determines its anticancer efficiency.There exist some defects in currently applied PDT,such as inadequate production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),poor penetration of exciting light,insufficient oxygen supply,and nonselective distribution of PS.With unique physicochemical and optical properties,two-dimensional nanomaterials(2DNMs)have aroused great interest in biomedical fields.2DNMs-based PDT is promising to significantly improve antitumor efficacy compared to conventional PDT.In this review,we will firstly introduce the underlying mechanism of PDT and how 2DNMs are absorbed and distribute inside tumor cells.After that,we will not only illustrate how 2DNMs-based PDT can enhance tumor-killing efficacy and minimize side-effects through conquering the above-mentioned defects of conventional PDT and the preparation process of 2DNMs,but also elaborate recent advances about 2DNMs-based PDT.Lastly,we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of 2DNMs-based PDT.

Towards all-fiber structure pulsed mid-infrared laser by gas-filled hollow-core fibers

We report here on a diode-pumped pulsed mid-infrared laser source based on gas-filled hollow-core fibers(HCFs)towards an all-fiber structure by the tapering method. The pump laser is coupled into an acetylene-filled HCF through a tapered single-mode fiber. By precisely tuning the wavelength of the diode to match different absorption lines of acetylene near 1.5 μm, mid-infrared emission around 3.1–3.2 μm is generated. With 2 m HCFs and3 mbar acetylene gas, a maximum average power of 130 m W is obtained with a laser slope efficiency of ~24%.This work provides a potential scheme for all-fiber mid-infrared fiber gas lasers.

Mn atomic layers under inert covers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride prepared on Rh（111）

进 graphene 和它的支持的底层的接口的金属原子的置闰为削弱联合并且构造金属的接口的缘故成为了一个吸引人的话题在惰性的封面下面的原子层。然而，这新奇行为很少在类似的六角形的硼氮化物(h-BN ) 上被报导了在金属底层上综合了。这里，我们描述 Mn 置闰的比较研究进 graphene/Rh (111 ) 和 h-BN/Rh (111 ) 的接口，由使用解决 atomically 的扫描通道显微镜学(STM ) 和密度功能的理论(DFT ) 计算。置闰被退火执行同样扔的 Mn 簇，和进 h-BN/Rh (111 ) 的 Mn 置闰的开始的温度被发现是 80 瑩 ?? 数歡瀠睯牥搠湥楳祴漠 ??? ″坭洯吗？

Expert recommendations on collection and annotation of otoscopy images for intelligent medicine

Middle and outer ear diseases are common otological diseases worldwide.Otoscopy and otoendoscopy exami-nations are essential first steps in the evaluation of patients with otological diseases.Misdiagnosis often occurs when the doctor lacks experience in interpreting the results of otoscopy or otoendoscopy,leading to delays in treatment or complications.Using deep learning to process otoscopy images and developing otoscopic artificial-intelligence-based decision-making systems will become a significant trend in the future.However,the uneven quality of otoscopy images is among the major obstacles to development of such artificial intelligence systems,and no standardized process for data acquisition,and annotation of otoscopy images in intelligent medicine has yet been fully established.The standards for data storage and data management are unified with those of other specialties and are introduced in detail here.This expert recommendation criterion improved and standardized the collection and annotation procedures for otoscopy images and fills the current gap in otologic intelligent medicine;it would thus lay a solid foundation for the standardized collection,storage,and annotation of oto-scopy images and the application of training algorithms,and promote the development of automatic diagnosis and treatment for otological diseases.The full text introduced image collection(including patient preparation,equipment standards,and image storage),image annotation standards,and quality control.