Prognostic value of programmed death.1, programmed death-ligand 1, programmed death-ligand 2 expression, and CD8(+) T cell density in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1.4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma

Background: Anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy has been proved to be effective on gastric cancer in ongoing clinical trials. However, the value of PD-L1 in predicting responses of patients with gastric cancer to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is controversial. Some studies suggested that intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression might explain the controversy.This study aimed to analyze the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 as well as CD8(+) T-cell density in primary tumors and lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4 N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma to explore the heterogeneity of PD-1 signaling pathway molecules.Methods: In primary tumors and metastatic as well as non-metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4 N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma, we detected PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression with immunohistochemistry. CD8(+)T-cell density in primary tumors and PD-1 expression on CD8(+)T cells were detected with immunofluorescence. Univariate analysis was used to determine the prognostic values of them. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent risk factors that affect patients' overall survival and disease-free survival.Results: Among 119 eligible patients who had undergone surgical resection, the positive rate of PD-L1 was higher in metastatic lymph nodes than in primary tumors(45.4% vs. 38.7%, P = 0.005); the positive rate of PD-1 on CD8(+)T cells was significantly higher in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes than in tumor-free lymph nodes(both P < 0.001). The intensity of PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors and in metastatic lymph nodes were stronger than that in tumor-free lymph nodes from the same patient. Beside, the positive rate of PD-L2 did not show any differences between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression,PD-L2 expression, a low density of CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors, and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors were associated with poor prognosis.Conclusion: The expression of PD-L1 is heterogeneous in primary tumors and in metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stageT1-4 N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma, which might explain the inconsistent results in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in previous studies.

环状RNA的产生、研究方法及功能

随着高通量测序技术的发展,环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)逐渐成为非编码RNA研究领域的热点。本文系统综述了环状RNA侧翼内含子自身互补配对驱动、RNA结合蛋白驱动以及套索驱动这3种环状RNA形成模型,并从高通量文库构建、生物信息学鉴别和常用的实验验证等3个方面对环状RNA的研究方法进行了介绍。同时,本文详细归纳了环状RNA作为microRNA(miRNA)或蛋白的海绵体、调控宿主基因的选择性剪接和表达、翻译成多肽等多种功能。最后通过系统综述植物环状RNA的特征及最新研究进展,为环状RNA在植物学中的进一步研究提供了新的视野。

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Flexible Copper‑Doped Silica Fibers Promote Infected Conjunctival Tissue Repair Through Antibacterial and Anti‑inflammatory Effects

The conjunctiva is crucial in safeguarding the eye from harm or infection,thereby ensuring the preservation of the vision.The repair of infected conjunctival damage is necessary.The objective of this study is to develop copper-doped flexible silica nanofibers(SiO_(2)@Cu NFs)with multifunctional antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics.The continuous release of copper ions from electrospun membranes is shown to be effective to promote antibacterial and bioactive functions.Nanofiber membranes also exhibit biocompatibility and promote cell growth,angiogenesis,and inflammation modulation.In vivo evaluations further reveal the therapeutic efficacy of SiO_(2)@Cu NFs to promote the structural and the functional recoveries of the conjunctiva.Taken together,SiO_(2)@Cu NFs may hold significant promise for the fabrication of alterna-tive ocular bandage to suppress bacterial infection and promote repair of ocular tissues and may potential be also used for related disciplines.

Ultrasensitive solar-blind ultraviolet detection and optoelectronic neuromorphic computing using α-In_(2)Se_(3)phototransistors

Detection of solar-blind ultraviolet(SB-UV)light is important in applications like confidential communication,flame detection,and missile warning system.However,the existing SB-UV photodetectors still show low sensitivities.In this work,we demonstrate the extraordinary SB-UV detection performance of α-In_(2)Se_(3 )phototransistors.Benefiting from the coupled semiconductor and ferroelectricity property,the phototransistor has an ultraweak detectable power of 17.85 fW,an ultrahigh gain of 1.2×10^(6),a responsivity of 2.6×10^(5) A/W,a detectivity of 1.3×10^(16) Jones and an ultralow noise-equivalent-power of 4.2×10^(–20 )W/Hz1/2 for 275 nm light.Its performance exceeds most other UV detectors,even including commercial photomultiplier tubes and avalanche photodiodes.It can be also implemented as an optoelectronic synapse for neuromorphic computing.A 784×300×10 artificial neural network(ANN)based on this optoelectronic synapse is constructed and demonstrated with a high recognition accuracy and good noise-tolerance for the Fashion-MNIST dataset.These extraordinary features endow this phototransistor with the potential for constructing advanced SB-UV detectors and intelligent hardware.

Upregulation of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 May Associate with Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Objective:Calcific aortic valve disease(CAVD)affects millions of elderly people,and there is currently no effective way to stop or slow down its progression.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of CAVD is very important for prevention and treatment.Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)have important role in cell phenotype change.This study is aimed to confirm whether COMP participate in CAVD and try to find the possible mechanisms.Methods:Human aortic valve tissues from Nanjing First Hospital(CAVD group,n=20;control group,n=11)were harvested.The expression level of COMP was tested by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Dual immunofluorescence staining was used for locating COMP.Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2)signalling were tested by western blot.The animal model was also used to detect COMP level by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that the expression level of COMP was significantly increased in the calcific valve samples when compared with that of the control valve(P<0.05);COMP was expressed near the calcific nodules and co-localized with a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA).The protein levels of BMP2 and p-Smads 1/5/9 were markedly more highly expressed in the CAVD group than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,immunofluorescence detection showed that COMP and BMP2 were co-located in calcific valves.Conclusions:The above results suggested that upregulation of COMP and BMP2 may be associated with aortic valve calcification and that COMP may become a potential therapeutic target in human CAVD.