Is There Re-staging Surgery Necessity for Borderline Ovarian Tumors

Objective:This study assessed the necessity of surgical re-staging in women with borderline ovarian tumors(BOTs)and evaluated the impact of complete surgical staging,lymphadenectomy,and omentectomy on disease recurrence and survival.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with BOTs.A total of 901 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study,and we evaluated some of the variables and clinical/surgical characteristics of the cases.The effects of the type of surgical procedure,surgical staging,and complete or incomplete staging on recurrence were calculated.The rates of disease-free survival,overall survival,and recurrence were compared according to complete surgical staging.A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential prognostic factors,and survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The overall recurrence rate was 13.9%,and recurrence was comparable between the complete surgical staging group and the incomplete groups(P>0.05).The performance of complete surgical staging did not show an effect on long-term survival,and complete surgical staging,omentectomy,and lymphadenectomy had no effect on recurrence.In multivariate analyses,only radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were risk factors for the recurrence of BOTs.Furthermore,we found that omentectomy led to a relatively low recurrence rate in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage>Ⅰ(P=0.022).Conclusion:Our results suggest that complete surgical staging should be considered a standard treatment for patients with advanced stage BOTs but not for those at FIGO stageⅠ.It might be safe to reduce the scope of surgical procedures in patients with early-stage BOTs.However,it is not necessary to perform re-staging operations for BOTs with a macroscopically normal extra-ovarian appearance.

Influence of shale reservoir properties on shale oil mobility and its mechanism

Given the tremendous potential for continental shale oil in China,many oilfields in the central and eastern parts of the country are involved in the exploration and development of shale oil resources.Besides engineering factors,shale oil mobility is the key to determining its commercial viability.This study explores the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Depression as an example to determine the influence of reservoir properties on the movable oil volume and its mechanisms.Multiple techniques were used,including displacement nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),low-temperature nitrogen adsorption(LTNA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)bulk mineral analysis,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the results suggest that large average pore diameter,high throat to pore ratio,single pore morphology,and small specific surface area can weaken the boundary layer effect and reduce the amount of adsorbed oil.Our observations reveal that compared to the dissolution pores and intergranular pores in brittle minerals,the intercrystalline pores in terrigenous clastic clay minerals are more affected by compaction.Furthermore,authigenic clay minerals notably block the intergranular pores in the interbedded sandstones.Clay minerals are identified as the main contributor to the specific surface area,with high clay mineral content enhancing the pore heterogeneity of the reservoir.Thus,positive shale oil mobility occurs in shale with a weak boundary layer effect,which is attributed to the high brittle mineral content,large average pore diameter,small specific surface area,single pore morphology,and reservoir homogeneity.

Modeling of Hydrogen Blending on the Leakage and Diffusion of Urban Buried Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas Pipeline

With the introduction of various carbon reduction policies around the world,hydrogen energy,as a kind of clean energy with zero carbon emission,has attracted much attention.The safe and economical transportation of hydrogen is of great significance to the development of hydrogen energy industries.Utilizing natural gas pipelines to transport hydrogen is considered to be an efficient and economical way.However,hydrogen has a higher risk of leakage due to its strong diffusion capacity and lower explosive limit than conventional natural gas.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the leakage and diffusion law of hydrogen-enriched natural gas(HENG)pipelines for the safe transportation of hydrogen energy.In this study,the leakage and diffusion characteristics of urban buried HENG pipelines are investigated numerically,and the dangerous degree of leakage is analyzed based on the time and area when the gas concentration reaches the lower explosive limit.The influences of hydrogen blending ratio(HBR),operating pressure,leakage hole size and direction,as well as soil type on the leakage and diffusion law of HENG are analyzed.Results show that the hydrogen mixing is not the key factor in increasing the degree of risk after gas leakage for urban buried HENG pipelines.When the HBR is 5%,10%,15% and 20%,the corresponding first dangerous time is 1053,1041,1019 and 998 s,respectively.Thiswork is expected to provide a valuable reference for the safe operation and risk prevention of HENG pipelines in the future.

HPLC法测定喉症丸中华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基的含量

目的:建立喉症丸中华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法进行测定,Thermo C_(18)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调节pH=3.2)(40∶60),流速1.0mL·min^(-1),检测波长296nm,柱温40℃,进样体积10μL。结果:该方法系统适应性良好,华蟾酥毒基、脂蟾毒配基分别在48.70～113.64μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 8)和9.23～21.53μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为101.1%(RSD=0.6%,n=6)、100.6%(RSD=0.1%,n=6),该方法精密度良好,流速和柱温耐用性考察均符合要求。结论:该方法简便准确、灵敏、重复性好,适用于喉症丸中蟾酥的质量控制。

Helium-hydrogen synergistic effects on swelling in in-situ multiple-ion beams irradiated steels

The development of reliable fusion energy is one of the most important challenges in this century.The accelerated degradation of structural materials in fusion reactors caused by neutron irradiation would cause severe problems.Due to the lack of suitable fusion neutron testing facilities,we have to rely on ion irradiation experiments to test candidate materials in fusion reactors.Moreover,fusion neutron irradiation effects are accompanied by the simultaneous transmutation production of helium and hydrogen.One important method to study the He-H synergistic effects in materials is multiple simultaneous ion beams(MSIB)irradiation that has been studied for decades.To date,there is no convincing conclusion on these He-H synergistic effects among these experiments.Recently,a multiple ion beam in-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis facility was developed in Xiamen University(XIAMEN facility),which is the first triple beam system and the only in-running in-situ irradiation facility with TEM in China.In this work,we conducted the first high-temperature triple simultaneous ion beams irradiation experiment with TEM observation using the XIAMEN facility.The responses to in-situ triple-ion beams irradiation in austenitic steel 304L SS and ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 were studied and compared with the results in dual-and single-ion beam(s)irradiated steels.Synergistic effects were observed in MSIB irradiated steels.Helium was found to be critical for cavity formation,while hydrogen has strong synergistic effect on increasing swelling.

MoP with rich species generated via radio frequency thermal plasma for higher alcohols synthesis from syngas

In this paper, the molybdenum phosphide(MoP) catalysts(TPR-MoP and TPR-MoP-Pla) were prepared by the traditional method and the RF(radio frequency) thermal plasma technique respectively and characterized by x-ray diffraction(XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscope(TEM), hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption(H_2-TPD) and carbon monoxide temperature-programmed desorption(CO-TPD) measurements,and their catalytic performance for HAS was evaluated. The results showed that the total and C_(2+) alcohols selectivity of the catalyst after plasma treatment(TPR-MoP-Pla) were enhanced.The enhanced catalytic performance could be related to more dislocation defects and the synergistic effect between Mo^(0–2+) and Mo^(4+) valence species in the TPR-MoP-Pla catalyst. In addition, this work suggests that thermal plasma treatment can be used as a new preparation technique for the synthesis of materials with rich species.

Conversion between Vickers hardness and nanohardness by correcting projected area with sink-in and pile-up effects

The Vickers hardness test has been widely used for neutron-irradiated materials and nanoindentation for ion-irradiated materials.Comparing the Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the same materials quantitatively and establishing a correlation between them is meaningful.In this study,five representative materials—pure titanium(Ti),nickel(Ni),tungsten(W),304 coarse-grained stainless steel(CG-SS)and 304 nanocrystalline austenitic stainless steel(NG-SS)—are investigated for comparison.The results show that the relationship between Vickers hardness and nanohardness does not conform to a mathematical geometric relationship because of sink-in and pile-up effects confirmed by finite element analysis(FEA)and the results of optical microscopy.Finally,one new method was developed by excluding the effects of sink-in and pile-up in materials.With this improved correction in the projected area of the Vickers hardness and nanohardness,the two kinds of hardness become identical.

Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Although the diagnostic technology of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)has advanced,accurate and differential diagnoses of PTB are still challenging.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)and its wide application in the medical field have provided new opportunities for diagnosing and treating TB and PTB.The machine learning model of AI has not only helped physicians improve diagnostic accuracy,but also enabled them to make early preventive diagnoses for individuals at increased risk of infection.Furthermore,AI can guide physicians to formulate targeted treatment strategies for PTB patients with different conditions.

Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from the resource-dependent cities:Optical properties,chemical compositions and sources

As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate change.However,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest China.This study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(MAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these regions.By combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAFAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,respectively.The results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating vs.non-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.

Highly in-plane anisotropy of thermal transport in suspended ternary chalcogenide Ta_(2)NiS_(5)

Energy dissipation has always been an attention-getting issue in modern electronics and the emerging low-symmetry two-dimensional(2D)materials are considered to have broad prospects in solving the energy dissipation problem.Herein the thermal transport of a typical 2D ternary chalcogenide Ta_(2)NiS_(5) is investigated.For the first time we have observed strongly anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity towards armchair and zigzag axes of suspended few-layer Ta_(2)NiS_(5) flakes through Raman thermometry.For 7-nm-thick Ta_(2)NiS_(5) flakes,theκz i g z a g is 4.76 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) andκa r m c h a i r is 7.79 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1),with a large anisotropic ratio(κa r m c h a i r/κz i g z a g)of 1.64 mainly ascribed to different phonon mean-free-paths along armchair and zigzag axes.Moreover,the thickness dependence of thermal anisotropy is also discussed.As the flake thickness increases,theκa r m c h a i r/κz i g z a g reduces sharply from 1.64 to 1.07.This could be attributed to the diversity in phonon boundary scattering,which decreases faster in zigzag direction than in armchair direction.Such anisotropic property enables heat flow manipulation in Ta_(2)NiS_(5) based devices to improve thermal management and device performance.Our work helps reveal the anisotropy physics of ternary transition metal chalcogenides,along with significant guidance to develop energy-efficient next generation nanodevices.

Preparation and Characterization of Paclitaxel/Chitosan Nanosuspensions for Drug Delivery System and Cytotoxicity Evaluation In Vitro

In this study,we prepared paclitaxel/chitosan(PTX/CS)nanosuspensions(NSs)with different mass ratios of PTX and CS(1.5:2,2:2,and 2.5:2),for controlled drug delivery purposes.For attachment and dispersion in water medium,a simple ultrasonic disruption technique was employed.The water-dispersed PTX/CS NSs exhibited a rod-shape morphology with an average diameter of 170-210 nm and average length of about 1-10μm.Transmission electron microscopy,differential scan-ning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction indicated that the obtained PTX/CS NSs contain a nanocrystalline PTX phase.It was also inferred that presence of CS can promotes the crystalline nature of PTX up to 80%.In addition,efficiency of PTX loading reached over 85%in freeze-dried PTX/CS NSs,showing a slow rate of drug release in vitro for 8 days.The MTT and LDH assessments revealed that PTX/CS NSs significantly inhibit the growth of tumor cells(HeLa),while it is slightly toxic for the normal cells(NIH/3T3).Therefore,PTX/CS NSs is suggested as a potential nanodrug delivery system for cancer therapy.

基于无人机影像与面向对象-深度学习的滨海湿地植物物种分类

明确滨海湿地植物物种类型及其分布状况是实现滨海湿地精细化生物多样性监测的基础,对于滨海湿地的保护管理与生态可持续发展均具有重要意义。本研究以无人机可见光遥感影像为基础数据源,在定量分析最优分割尺度与最优分类特征组合的基础上,应用面向对象-U-net深度学习方法对闽江河口湿地植物物种类型进行分类,并与K最近邻、决策树、随机森林和贝叶斯分类方法进行精度对比分析,以期为滨海湿地植物物种遥感精细分类与生物多样性保护管理提供方法借鉴与科学参考。研究结果表明,利用面向对象-U-net深度学习方法提取不同滨海湿地植物物种类型的分类精度可达95.67%,总体精度较其他分类方法提高6.67%-13.67%,Kappa系数提高0.12-0.31,且分类整体性好。此外,实现植物物种光谱特征、形状特征、纹理特征与高度特征的最优特征选择对于有效提高湿地植物物种信息分类精度具有重要作用,应用最优分割尺度实现影像分割可提高整体分类效率。

H_(2)O_(2)-responsive polymer prodrug nanoparticles with glutathione scavenger for enhanced chemo-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy

The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy(PDT)based on nanoparticles(NPs)has been extensively developed to improve the therapeutic effect and decrease the systemic toxicity of current treatments.However,overexpressed glutathione(GSH)in tumor cells efficiently scavenges singlet oxygens(^(1)O_(2))generated from photosensitizers and results in the unsatisfactory efficacy of PDT.To address this obstacle,here we design H_(2)O_(2)-responsive polymer prodrug NPs with GSH-scavenger(Ce6@P(EG-a-CPBE)NPs)for chemo-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy.They are constructed by the co-self-assembly of photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)and amphiphilic polymer prodrug P(EG-a-CPBE),which is synthesized from a hydrophilic alternating copolymer P(EG-a-PD)by conjugating hydrophobic anticancer drug chlorambucil(CB)via an H_(2)O_(2)-cleavable linker 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid(PBA).Ce6@P(EG-a-CPBE)NPs can efficiently prevent premature drug leakage in blood circulation because of the high stability of the PBA linker under the physiological environment and facilitate the delivery of Ce6 and CB to the tumor site after intravenous injection.Upon internalization of Ce6@P(EG-a-CPBE)NPs by tumor cells,PBA is cleaved rapidly triggered by endogenous H_(2)O_(2)to release CB and Ce6.Ce6 can effectively generate abundant^(1)O_(2)under 660 nm light irradiation to synergistically kill cancer cells with CB.Concurrently,PBA can be transformed into a GSH-scavenger(quinine methide,QM)under intracellular H_(2)O_(2)and prevent the depletion of^(1)O_(2),which induces the cooperatively strong oxidative stress and enhanced cancer cell apoptosis.Collectively,such H_(2)O_(2)-responsive polymer prodrug NPs loaded with photosensitizer provide a feasible approach to enhance chemo-photodynamic synergistic cancer treatment.

The expression and function of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma

With the deepening of the genome project study,attention on noncoding RNAs is increasing.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have become a new research hotspot.A growing number of studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor suppressor pathways.Aberrant expressions of lncRNAs have been found in a variety of human tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).In this review,we provide a brief introduction to lncRNA and highlight recent research on the functions and clinical significance of lncRNAs in HCC.

基于自由体积理论的沥青分子模型黏度预测

沥青的黏度特性由化学结构决定.然而,目前在分子层面上对沥青动态黏度机理的认识并不清晰.本文采用分子动力学(molecular dynamic,MD)模拟,从自由体积的角度研究了沥青的黏度.基于一定范德瓦耳斯(van der Waals,vdW)半径下的自由体积预测,计算得到了沥青模型黏度与温度之间的关系.结果表明,沥青的动态黏度与自由体积有关;沥青模型的自由体积随vdW半径、沥青模型类型等参数变化,随vdW半径的减小而增大;单组分模型的自由体积明显大于多组分模型.利用不同半径的自由体积对沥青的动态黏度进行了预测,当vdW半径为1.39?时计算出来的自由体积预测的沥青模型黏度平均偏差最低.此外,不同沥青模型的平均偏差不同,四组分模型的平均偏差最小.黏度测试结论与模拟结果吻合较好,说明MD结果是可靠的.本文有助于理解沥青黏度的微观机理及其与分子结构间的关系.

液质联用中接口离子化新技术

液相色谱-质谱联用(简称液质联用,LC-MS)将色谱的高分离效能与质谱强大的结构测定功能结合,不仅实现了对复杂混合物更准确的定性定量分析,而且简化了样品的前处理过程,使样品分析更简便,在药物分析、食品与环境分析以及生物样品检测等众多领域得到了广泛的应用。作为LC-MS的核心组成部分,液质接口的作用是将LC的液体引入,发生电离,并将生成的离子传输进MS。因此,接口离子化技术的改进直接影响了LC-MS的发展和应用。为了获得更高的灵敏度和更广泛的适用性,研究人员一直致力于离子化技术的研究,以促进分析物的解吸,提高其电离和传输效率,减少基质效应的干扰。本文针对近年来LC-MS接口离子化技术的改进和发展,从离子化原理出发,对接口离子源的构造、影响电离的因素、以及相关的应用进行综述,探讨其优缺点,并对LC-MS接口离子化技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

One-pot photoreduction to prepare NIR-absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles tethered by amphiphilic polypeptide copolymer for synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy

We developed one-pot photoreduction strategy to prepare near infrared light(NIR)-absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) tethered by amphiphilic polypeptide copolymer poly(L-cysteine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PLC-b-PEO). The PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs possessed strong NIR absorption at 700–1100 nm and ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.1%. Upon the NIR irradiation(808nm,2 W/cm^2,5 min), the PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs(1mg/mL) sharply attained an elevation of 30.8℃ and the hyperthermia effect could efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro. As for the PT-CT treatment, the doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded nanoparticles of DOX-PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs gave a combination index of 0.9 compared to single chemotherapy(CT) or photothermal therapy(PT), demonstrating a synergistic effect.

Tailored microstructures and strengthening mechanisms in an additively manufactured dualphase high-entropy alloy via selective laser melting

Dual-phase high-entropy alloys(DP-HEAs)with excellent strength-ductility combinations have attracted scientific interests.In the present study,the microstructures of AlCrCuFeNi3.0DP-HEA fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)are rationally adjusted and controlled.The mechanisms engendering the hierarchical microstructures are revealed.It is found that the AlCrCuFeNi3.0fabricated by SLM at the scanning speed of 400 mm s-1falls into the eutectic coupled zone,and increasing the scanning speed will make this composition deviate away from the eutectic coupled zone due to the increased cooling rate.The enrichment of Cr and Fe solutes with large growth restriction values ahead of the solid/liquid interface can develop a constitutional supercooling zone,thus facilitating the heterogeneous nucleation and nearequiaxed grain formation.The synergy of the near-eutectic DP nano-structures and near-equiaxed grains instead of columnar ones effectively suppresses cracking for the as-built DP-HEA.During the tensile deformation,the intergranular back stress hardening similar to the grain-boundary strengthening is discovered.Meanwhile,the near-eutectic microstructures comprised of soft face-centered cubic and hard ordered bodycentered cubic(B2)DP nano-structures lead to plastic strain incompatibility within grains,thus producing the intragranular back stress.The Cr-rich nano-precipitates inside the B2 phase are found to be sheared by dislocation gliding and can complement the back stress.Additionally,multiple strengthening mechanisms are physically evaluated,and the back stress strengthening contributes obviously to the high performances of the as-built DP-HEA.

Selective Laser Melting of In Situ TiB/Ti6Al4V Composites: Formability, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance

In the present study, a series of in situ TiB/Ti6Al4V composites were fabricated using selective laser melting. The formability, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-built samples added with different contents of TiB2 were studied. It is found that the densification level is related to both the content of TiB2 and laser energy density. The added TiB2 reinforcement particle can spontaneously react with titanium and then form the TiB phase. The needle-like TiB phase tends to transform into dot-like particles with the decrease in energy density. Additionally, with the increase in TiB2 content, the TiB phase is coarsened due to the increased nucleation rate and more reactions. The grain morphology is found to largely depend on the translational speed of solid–fluid interface determined by the temperature gradient and cooling rate. Also, the microhardness of the as-built TiB/Ti6Al4V composites is obviously improved. More interestingly, as the energy density increases, the microhardness of the as-built TiB/Ti6Al4V composites firstly increases and then decreases due to the synergy of grain size and different morphologies and distribution of TiB phases. The wear resistance of TiB/Ti6Al4V composites is far superior to that of Ti6Al4V alloy owing to the increased microhardness resulted from the uniform distribution of the hard TiB phase in the matrix.

In-situ observation and finite element analysis of fretting fatigue crack propagation behavior in 1045 steel

In this paper fretting fatigue crack behavior in 1045 steel is studied by in-situ observation and finite element analysis.in-situ fretting fatigue experiments are conducted to capture real-time fretting fatigue crack formation and propagation process.The fretting fatigue tests under different load conditions are carried out,then the lifetime and fracture surface are obtained.The crack propagation rates under different loading conditions are measured by in-situ observations.With in-situ observation,crack initiation location and direction are analyzed.Finite element model is used to calculate J-integral which then is applied to fitting with experimental crack growth rate,and establishing crack growth rate model.From fitted S-N curve,it turns out that smaller load ratio leads to higher lifetime.Crack initiates slightly below the point equivalent to line contact of the contact surface in different test conditions,and crack direction shows no obvious relationship with load parameters.The established crack growth rate model well agrees with the test results.