中国脑卒中环境危险因素的系统评价

目的 中国脑卒中患者人数呈上升趋势,而环境危险因素对该疾病发展的影响缺乏综合性概述。本研究旨在探讨影响脑卒中的环境危险因素,为决策者制定卫生政策和干预措施提供依据。方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus数据库有关中国脑卒中环境危险因素的文献,检索时限为2012年1月至2022年5月。对环境危险因素的种类、频次进行描述性分析,对脑卒中与环境因素之间的关系进行叙述性分析。结果 初检共获取文献12 774篇,最终纳入文献215篇,涉及8类43种环境因素。研究最多的因素是气象因素(52.56%),其次是空气污染(47.44%);最常报告的指标分别是气温(40.47%)和PM_(2.5)(28.37%)。气象因素中,涉及气温的大部分研究提示其是脑卒中发生的影响因素,并发现脑卒中及其亚型存在季节性,近一半的研究发现较高的气压与较高的脑卒中及其亚型发生风险相关。对于空气污染,研究发现较高水平的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、NO_(2)、O_(3)、SO_(2)与较高的脑卒中发生风险相关。此外,燃料暴露、被动吸烟也与脑卒中风险增加相关。结论 环境因素对中国人群脑卒中发生风险具有一定程度的影响,需进一步的研究评估这些关联,阐明涉及的具体机制,并探索更多的环境因素对脑卒中的潜在影响。

响应面法在仪器分析实验教学中的应用——以响应面法优化HPLC测定饮料苯甲酸的条件为例

仪器分析课程是理论与实验相结合的专业基础课之一。为提高学生的科研创新能力,以"响应面法优化HPLC测定饮料中苯甲酸的条件"实验为例,从仪器分析实验课程现状出发,研究了响应面分析法所用数据处理软件在实验教学中的应用,让学生了解并熟练响应面法的实验设计及软件,并直接应用于实验教学中。

Health and Economic Impacts of Air Pollution in China: A Comparison of the General Equilibrium Approach and Human Capital Approach

In China, combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has produced serious air pollution that does harm to human health. Based on dose-response relationships derived from epidemiological studies, the authors calculated the number of deaths and people with health problems which were thought to be attributable to China＇s air pollution in the year of 2000. In order to estimate the corresponding economic impacts from the national point of view, the general equilibrium approach was selected as an analysis tool for this study. A computable general equilibrium （CGE） model was constructed involving 39 sectors and 32 commodities. The human capital approach （HCA） was also used for comparison. The economic burden of disease for people estimated by HCA was equivalent to 1.26‰ （ranging from 0.44‰ to 1.84‰） of China＇s gross domestic product （GDP）. China＇s GDP loss estimated by the general equilibrium approach reached 0.38‰ （ranging from 0.16‰ to 0.51‰）. The difference between the two approaches and the implications of the results were discussed.

Roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling during injury and recovery of the central nervous system

Multiple cellular components, including neuronal, glial and endothelial ceils, are involved in the sophis- ticated pathological processes following central nervous system injury. The pathological process cannot reduce damage or improve functional recovery by merely targeting the molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell death after central nerve system injuries. Eph receptors and ephrin ligands have drawn wide attention since the discovery of their extensive distribution and unique bidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons. The roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the developmental processes have been re- ported in previous research. Recent observations suggest that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling continues to be expressed in most regions and cell types in the adult central nervous system, playing diverse roles. The Eph/ephrin complex mediates neurogenesis and angiogenesis, promotes glial scar formation, regulates endocrine levels, inhibits myelin formation and aggravates inflammation and nerve pain caused by injury. ~lhe interaction between Eph and ephrin is also considered to be the key to angiogenesis. This review focus- es on the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the repair of central nervous system injuries.

Considerations in Applying the General Equilibrium Approach to Environmental Health Assessment

There are currently two commonly used approaches to assessing economic impacts of health damage resulting from environmental pollution： human capital approach （HCA） and willingness-to-pay （WTP）. WTP can be further divided into averted expenditure approach （AEA）, hedonlc wage approach （HWA）, contingent valuation approach （CVA） and hedonlc price approach （HPA）. A general review of the principles behind these approaches by the authors indicates that these methods are incapable of unveiling the mechanism of health impact from the point of view of national economy. On a basis of economic system, the shocks brought about by health effects of environmental pollution change the labor supply and medical expenditure, which in turn affects the level of production activity in each sector and the total final consumption pattern of the society. The general equilibrium approach within the framework of macroeconomic theory is able to estimate the health impact on national economy comprehensively and objectively. Its mechanism and applicability are discussed in detail by the authors.

Z港铁矿石业务豪泰林博弈研究

随着各大港口铁矿石业务竞争日益激烈,Z港货源市场占有率被压缩.通过将常规的两个港口间的一维Hotelling博弈拓展至五个港口间的二维博弈,在完全信息条件下,针对Z港所采取的竞合策略构建静态博弈模型,并借助于Nash均衡,求解最优港口收费标准,探讨影响港口收益的相关因素.实证分析表明,相较于单独竞争,Z港与B港开展合作,向粤东及长三角区域进行业务扩张,可以在一定程度上提高竞争力,增加其整体收益.

MF-SuP-pK_(a): Multi-fidelity modeling with subgraph pooling mechanism for pK_(a) prediction

Acid-base dissociation constant(pK_(a)) is a key physicochemical parameter in chemical science, especially in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Current methodologies for pK_(a) prediction still suffer from limited applicability domain and lack of chemical insight. Here we present MF-SuP-pK_(a)(multi-fidelity modeling with subgraph pooling for pK_(a) prediction), a novel pK_(a) prediction model that utilizes subgraph pooling, multi-fidelity learning and data augmentation. In our model, a knowledgeaware subgraph pooling strategy was designed to capture the local and global environments around the ionization sites for micro-pK_(a) prediction. To overcome the scarcity of accurate pK_(a) data, lowfidelity data(computational pK_(a)) was used to fit the high-fidelity data(experimental pK_(a)) through transfer learning. The final MF-SuP-pK_(a) model was constructed by pre-training on the augmented ChEMBL data set and fine-tuning on the DataWarrior data set. Extensive evaluation on the DataWarrior data set and three benchmark data sets shows that MF-SuP-pK_(a) achieves superior performances to the state-of-theart pK_(a) prediction models while requires much less high-fidelity training data. Compared with Attentive FP, MF-SuP-pK_(a) achieves 23.83% and 20.12% improvement in terms of mean absolute error(MAE) on the acidic and basic sets, respectively.

Dynamically modulated synthesis of hollow metal-organic frameworks for selective hydrogenation reactions

Hollow metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted increasing attention in the field of catalysis in recent years due to their unique cavity structure with fast mass-diffusion rates and easily accessible active sites.Here,we report the use of dynamic modulators,which are formed by the in-situ imine condensation reaction of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-formylbenzoic acid,to regulate the growth of MOFs to synthesize well-defined hollow thioether functionalized UiO-67(denoted as H-UiO-67-S)single crystals.After supporting Pd nanoparticles,the designed catalysts Pd@H-UiO-67-S show excellent conversion(>99.9%),selectivity(>99.9%),and stability(10 cycles)in the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzenes with other reducible groups.Density functional theory calculations and the experimental results reveal that Pd nanoparticles not only selectively adsorb the nitro-groups on nitrobenzene,but also restrict the adsorption of the aniline product,due to the interaction of thioether with Pd in the confined pores of H-UiO-67-S,finally result in a significant increase in selectivity of nitro-hydrogenation.

Transformation of cognition from mechanical to biological aqueous outflow pump may be a breakthrough in solving the problem of intraocular pressure regulation in glaucoma

The blood circulatory system is the largest system of fluid flow in the human body,and it has been widely studied and well understood.Pulsation characterizes the blood circulatory system and results in three essentials,including(i)pressure fluctuations attributed to pumping of the heart,(ii)the self-regulatory,elastic cardiac muscle,which is sensitive to pressure variance and controls the output volume of the heart,and(iii)valves controlling the one-way flow.

Advanced photocatalysts based on metal nanoparticle/metalorganic framework composites

Photocatalysis,via conversion of light into valuable chemicals,is an economic and effective way to utilize inexhaustible solar energy for the sustainable development of our human society.Aiming at killing two birds with one stone,metal nanoparticle(MNP)/metal-organic framework(MOF)composites via integration of the individual advantages of MNP and MOF have been becoming a versatile photocatalyst.Moreover,owing to the synergist effect between each component,MNP/MOF composite photocatalysts usually show greatly promoted catalytic activity,selectivity and long-term recyclability.In this review,first of all,the widely adopted synthesis strategies of MNP/MOF composite are introduced comprehensively,and then their recent advances in photocatalysis including photocatalytic hydrogen production,carbon dioxide reduction,organic transformation reactions and photodegradation of pollutants are summarized and highlighted.Finally,challenges and perspectives among MNP/MOF based photocatalysis are also proposed and discussed for advancing further development in this hot research field.

Recent advances in RNA structurome

RNA structures are essential to support RNA functions and regulation in various biological processes. Recently, a range of novel technologies have been developed to decode genome-wide RNA structures and novel modes of functionality across a wide range of species. In this review, we summarize key strategies for probing the RNA structurome and discuss the pros and cons of representative technologies. In particular, these new technologies have been applied to dissect the structural landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. We also summarize the functionalities of RNA structures discovered in different regulatory layers-including RNA processing, transport, localization, and mRNA translation-across viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. We review many versatile RNA structural elements in the context of different physiological and pathological processes(e.g., cell differentiation, stress response, and viral replication). Finally, we discuss future prospects for RNA structural studies to map the RNA structurome at higher resolution and at the single-molecule and single-cell level, and to decipher novel modes of RNA structures and functions for innovative applications.

Two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheet composites:Preparations and applications

As emerging two-dimensional materials, metal-organic framework(MOF) nanosheet composites possess many unique physical and chemical properties, thus being expected to be widely applied in gas separation and adsorption, energy conversion and storage, heterogeneous catalysis, sensing as well as biomedicine. In this review, we first introduce the methods for integrating MOF nanosheets with other materials to prepare multifunctional composites. Next, the applications of MOF nanosheet composites in versatile fields are summarized and discussed. We hope this review will be instructive for researchers in the aspects of designs, preparations and applications of MOF nanosheet composites.

Combining metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalentorganic frameworks(COFs):Emerging opportunities for new materials and applications

In the past decades,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs)basically enjoy the coordination chemistry and covalent chemistry,respectively,and such uniqueness has become the major obstacle hampering their further scope diversity and application multi-functionalization.Inspired from the principle of organic retrosynthesis,combining coordination bond and covalent bond together offers additional opportunities for constructing novel MOFs,COFs and MOF@COF hybrids as well as confer on them superior performances in versatile application fields.In this review,we firstly classify and summarize the recently reported synthesis strategies based on the integration of metal-ligand coordination and dynamic covalent bonds.Then,the application performances of as-constructed MOFs,COFs as well as MOF@COF hybrids are discussed and highlighted in the fields of adsorption,separation,catalysis,biosensing,energy storage and so on.Last,our personal insights of the remaining challenges and further prospects are also provided,in order to trigger much more inspirations and endeavors for this hot research field.

Hybrid molecular nanostructures with donor-acceptor chains

We have fabricated hybrid molecular chain structures formed by electron acceptor compound 1 and electron donor molecules 2 and 3 at the liquid/solid interface of graphite surface.The structural details of the mono-component and the binary assemblies are revealed by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).Compound 1 can form two well-ordered lamellar patterns at different concentrations.In the co-adsorption structures,compounds 2 and 3 can insert into the space between molecular chains of compound 1 and form large area well-ordered nanoscale phase separated lamellar structures.The unit cell parameters for the coassemblies can be "flexibly" adjusted to make the electron donors and acceptors perfectly match along the molecular chains.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) results indicate that the electronic properties of individual molecular donors and acceptors are preserved in the binary self-assembly.These results provide molecular insight into the nanoscale phase separation of organic electron acceptors and donors on surfaces and are helpful for the fabrication of surface supramolecular structures and molecular devices.