Background： Previous studies with broiler have shown dietary supplementation with multi-enzyme complex containing non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） degrading enzymes and phytase is efficient in releasing phosphorus ...Background： Previous studies with broiler have shown dietary supplementation with multi-enzyme complex containing non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） degrading enzymes and phytase is efficient in releasing phosphorus （P）, calcium （Ca）, energy and amino acids from corn-soybean meal diets or corn-sorghum diets, hence compensating considerable levels of nutrients in formulation. Notwithstanding, such potentials have not been well defined in duck nutrition. Giving China being the largest duck producing country, we conducted this study to establish adequate specifications of major nutrients along with multi-enzyme complex to meat duck from day-old to slaughter, focusing on performance, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization. Five dietary treatments were： Positive control （PC,T1）： the nutrients concentration of diet for 1 to 14 d of age were apparent metabolizable energy（AME） 2,800 kcal/kg, crude protein （CP）1 9.39%, Ca 0.85%, available phosphorus （avP） 0.42%; for 15 to 35 d of age these parameters were AME 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 16.47%,Ca 0.76%,avP 0.38%; Negative control 1（NC1,7-2）, the AME and digestible amino acids （DAA） were reduced by 70 kcal/kg and 2.0%, avP and Ca by 1.0 g/kg from PC diet; Negative control 2（NC2,T4）, the down- spec from PC diet was AME 100 kcal/kg, DAA 2.5%, avP 1.5 g/kg and Ca 1.2 g/kg; The enzyme complex was added at the same dosage （200 mL/1,000 kg） on NC1 （T3） and NC2 （T5） diets. Results： Comparing with the ducks fed on T1, T3 and T5 diets, the birds fed on NC2 diet showed the lowest （P 〈 0.05） body weight （ d 14 and 35）, feed intake （d 35）, tibia ash, Ca and P contents （d 14 and 35）, and the utilization of nutrients （P 〈 0.05）. The supplementation with the enzyme complex to the NC diets restored growth rate, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization to the level of the PC diet, and increased AME by 60 kcal/kg and 117 kcal/kg, respectively for the NC1 and NC2 diets. Conclusion： These results suggest that down-spec AME by 100 kcal/kg, DAA by 2.5%, avP by 1.5 g/kg and Ca by 1.2 g/kg caused detrimental effects on duck performance compared with those fed on the PC diet, and these performance losses can be compensated by the addition of the multiple-enzyme complex.展开更多
Background： Dietary canthaxanthin（CX）, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol（25-OH-D3） and vitamins have been widely reported to be involved in productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeders. However, limited in...Background： Dietary canthaxanthin（CX）, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol（25-OH-D3） and vitamins have been widely reported to be involved in productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeders. However, limited information is available for duck breeders. In this study, a total of 1,560 Cherry Valley SM3 duck breeder females and 312 males were used to assess if the addition of CX and 25-OH-D3 could increase the performance of duck breeders under two different dietary vitamin regimens. Four diets were used under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes（REGULAR and HIGH; HIGH premix had higher levels of all vitamins except K3 than REGULAR premix）, and with or without the supplementation of the mixture of CX（6 mg/kg） and 25-OH-D3（0.069 mg/kg）. The ducks were fed ad libitum with pelleted diets based on corn-soybean meal from 38 to 77 wk of age.Results： HIGH vitamin premix decreased malondialdehyde（MDA） level（P 〈 0.001） of egg yolk, increased hatchability of fertile eggs（P = 0.029）, increased hatchability of total eggs（P = 0.029）, and decreased serum protein carbonyl level（P = 0.037） of breeder males. The mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 increased serum calcium of breeder females（P = 0.010）, decreased the cracked egg rate（P = 0.001）, increased the pigmentation of egg yolk（P 〈 0.001）and male bill（P 〈 0.001）, and decreased MDA level of egg yolk（P 〈 0.001） and male serum（P = 0.034）. Interactive effects were observed in cracked egg rate（P = 0.038）, shell thickness（P = 0.011） and serum phosphorus（P = 0.026）of breeder females. HIGH vitamin premix together with the mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 decreased cracked egg rate and increased shell thickness of duck breeders. Serum phosphorus was decreased in duck breeder females fed REGULAR vitamin premix without the addition of the CX and 25-OH-D3 mixture.Conclusions： Dietary HIGH vitamin premix increased antioxidant status of eggs and breeder males, and increased hatchability. The mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 enhanced egg shell quality, and promoted pigmentation and antioxidant status of eggs and breeder males.展开更多
Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is l...Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is limited.Here,we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12%raw potato starch(RPS)modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in meat ducks.Results:LPS administration at 14,16,and 18 d(chronic challenge)decreased body weight(BW)and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation,evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine levels.Dietary 12%RPS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLP-1R expression,along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and serum.Microbiome analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,etc.Dietary RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LPS challenge.Furthermore,response to acute challenge,the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LPS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines,as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in ileum when compared to control birds.Analogous to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide,dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines,whereas it upregulated the GLP-1 synthesis related genes expression.Meanwhile,dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LPS challenge-induced TLR4 transcription.Conclusions:These data suggest that dietary 12%RPS supplementation could attenuate the LPS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks,which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota,SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLP-1/GLP-1R.展开更多
目的分析生酮饮食治疗睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态(Electrical status epilepticus during sleep,ESES)相关癫痫综合征的疗效及脑电图变化。方法收集2020年3月—2022年6月徐州市儿童医院门诊及住院收治的58例ESES相关癫痫综合征伴认知损害...目的分析生酮饮食治疗睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态(Electrical status epilepticus during sleep,ESES)相关癫痫综合征的疗效及脑电图变化。方法收集2020年3月—2022年6月徐州市儿童医院门诊及住院收治的58例ESES相关癫痫综合征伴认知损害患儿的临床资料,使用随机数字表法分为观察组(A组)和对照组(B组),每组29例;在不改变原有抗癫痫发作药物治疗的基础上,A组采用生酮饮食治疗,B组采用激素治疗;观察生酮饮食及激素治疗前及治疗后3、6个月ESES相关癫痫综合征患儿的临床疗效、认知及脑电图棘慢波指数(Spike-wave index,SWI)变化。结果A组治疗3个月时临床总有效率、控制率;脑电图总有效率、显效率及韦氏儿童智力量表测得言语商、操作商及总智商均明显低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但治疗6个月时A组临床总有效率、控制率;脑电图总有效率、显效率及韦氏儿童智力量表测得言语商、操作商及总智商与B组相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患儿随访期内未出现脑电图SWI及临床症状反复病例;B组患儿在治疗6个月时脑电图SWI反复率55.2%,临床症状反复率37.9%。治疗期间两组患儿均未发生严重不良反应,A组在启动期有约27.6%(8例)的患儿出现胃肠道不适症状,但均较轻、且很快缓解,维持期未发生严重不良反应;但B组中有89.7%(26例)的患儿出现不同程度的体重增长,其中69%(20例)的患儿呈满月脸、水牛背等柯兴容貌。结论生酮饮食可改善ESES相关癫痫综合征患儿的疗效及脑电图变化,改善认知;与激素冲击治疗比较,生酮饮食治疗ESES相关癫痫综合征反复率低,不良反应相对轻且发生率低。展开更多
To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel r...To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been developed.For optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge.In this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples.To build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker.We then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples.This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)patients.Thereafter,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated.As a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control subjects.Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM.These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery.DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.展开更多
Sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal microbiota.Its metabolite,trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fa...Sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal microbiota.Its metabolite,trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fat deposition in mammals.Hens fed with rapeseed meal(RSM)suffered from fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome(FLHS).This study was conducted to investigate whether RSM-induced fatty liver is due to TMAO via altering microbiota composition and diversity.At 33 weeks of age,600 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups,namely control and 14%RSM treatment groups(DY5,with 16.2% erucic acid [EA]and 74.66% glucosinolate[Gl]contents;MB1,with 3.50% EA and 43.23 %Gl contents;DY6,with 6.7% EA and 22.67% Gl contents;XH3,with 44.60% EA and 132.83% Gl contents)for 8 weeks.Results revealed that 3 hens died due to liver hemorrhage after ingesting 14% RSM diet.The 14% RSM decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content(P<0.01)while tended to increase serum TMAO content compared to the control group(P=0.08).The 14% RSM diet increased red oil O optical density(P<0.01),and increased total cholesterol(TC)and LDL-C content in the liver(P<0.01,and P<0.01,respectively).The 14%RSM decreased liver total bile acid(TBA)content compared to the control(P<0.01).The DY6 had a higher TBA content in the liver than the XH3(P<0.01).The 14%RSM decreased mRNA abundance of liver X receptors alpha(LXR-α,P=0.01),and increased mRNA abundance of sterol response element binding protein 2(SREBP-2,P=0.04).Results revealed that the in-feed RSM could alter richness and diversity of cecal microbiota compared to the control(P<0.05).Liver TC content and serum TMAO showed a negative relationship with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria(P=0.04).In conclusion,14%RSM increased liver TC and induced high liver score of FLHS,which was possibly associated with the altered cecal microbiota composition,increased serum TMAO levels and LXR-αand SREBP-2 expressions.展开更多
Arctic sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate and environmental system.Sea ice thickness is one of the most important sea ice parameters.Accurately obtaining the sea ice thickness and its changes has g...Arctic sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate and environmental system.Sea ice thickness is one of the most important sea ice parameters.Accurately obtaining the sea ice thickness and its changes has great significance to Arctic and global change research.Satellite altimeters can be used to derive long-term and large-scale changes in sea ice thickness.The leads detection is vital in sea ice thickness estimation by using satellite altimetry.Different leads detection methods are compared with remote sensing images,and results show that the detection method that uses waveform parameters can obtain improved results.The model for the conversion of freeboard to thickness is optimized by considering the incomplete penetration of snow for radar altimeters.We derive the estimates of the Arctic sea ice thickness for November 2010 to December 2019 by using the CryoSat-2 altimetry data.The sea ice thickness from the IceBridge and draft data from the upward-looking sonar are used to validate our thickness results.Validations show that the accuracy of our thickness estimates is within 0.2 m.Variations in the Arctic sea ice thickness are analyzed using the PIOMAS model and air and sea surface temperatures.A sharp increase in sea ice thickness is found in 2014.展开更多
Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst.Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR reaction.However,...Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst.Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR reaction.However,the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud.In this study,we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment(dealkalization)process.The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid.When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5(CRM-3 and CRM-5),activated catalysts showed NOx conversion above 90%at 275℃–475℃.The high initial reaction rate,Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+))ratio,and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst.Meanwhile,more Fe^(3+) on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH_(3) adsorption.There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts.DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O_(3)-Fe for NH_(3) and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O_(3)-Fe,which enhanced the NOx conversion of the catalyst.However,the almandine was formed in CRM-4,consumed part of Fe^(3+) and Al^(3+),and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened.Also,deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites,thus leading to lower NH_(3)-SCR activity.展开更多
Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks,leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous pain.We hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delayi...Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks,leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous pain.We hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density(LND)diet probably reverses these skeletal abnormalities.Studies indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol(25-OH-D3),a vitamin D3 metabolite,is effective in treating bone-related disorders.Therefore,Exp.1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D3 on tibial mass of meat ducks.Male meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet(containing a regular vitamin regimen)without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 d.The results showed that 25-OH-D3 supplementation improved the mineral content,microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias,and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression.Subsequently,Exp.2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens(regular and high).Ducklings were allocated to a 2*2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND diets.The high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular premix.The results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals deposition.Tibial mineral content,microarchitecture,and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation;However,these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin regimen.To conclude,25-OH-D3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks,and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels(stored for 4 years)with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols(TPP)on the performance,egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens...This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels(stored for 4 years)with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols(TPP)on the performance,egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens.A total of 288 Lohmann commercial laying hens(63-week-old)were used under a 2×4 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of dietary ageing corn(0%,25%,50%,or 100%)and 2 levels of TPP(0 and 600 mg/kg)for 8 wk.Dietary ageing corn linearly decreased(P<0.05)the egg production,serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),liver glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of laying hens,yolk index,yolk colour,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)value and the reducing power value of egg yolk,but it linearly increased(P<0.05)the feed conversion rate,ovary malondialdehyde(MDA)content of laying hens,and the protein carbonyl content of egg yolk.Tea polyphenol supplementation increased(P<0.05)the serum T-AOC,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),liver SOD,liver GSH-Px,ovary SOD,GSH-Px,the expression of antioxidant-related genes of laying hens,albumen height,Haugh unit,DPPH value and the majority free amino acids of egg yolk,but it decreased(P<0.05)the serum MDA content of laying hens,MDA and protein carbonyl of egg yolk.In conclusion,the ageing corn significantly reduced the perfor-mance,egg quality,antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens,while TPP supple-mentation partially counteracted the adverse effects,especially antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Scientific and Technical Supporting Program(2014BAD13B02)the Meat Duck Industry Chain in Sichuan province(2014NZ0030)+1 种基金Sichuan Agricultural University 211 Foundation of ChinaAdisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd,Singapore
文摘Background： Previous studies with broiler have shown dietary supplementation with multi-enzyme complex containing non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） degrading enzymes and phytase is efficient in releasing phosphorus （P）, calcium （Ca）, energy and amino acids from corn-soybean meal diets or corn-sorghum diets, hence compensating considerable levels of nutrients in formulation. Notwithstanding, such potentials have not been well defined in duck nutrition. Giving China being the largest duck producing country, we conducted this study to establish adequate specifications of major nutrients along with multi-enzyme complex to meat duck from day-old to slaughter, focusing on performance, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization. Five dietary treatments were： Positive control （PC,T1）： the nutrients concentration of diet for 1 to 14 d of age were apparent metabolizable energy（AME） 2,800 kcal/kg, crude protein （CP）1 9.39%, Ca 0.85%, available phosphorus （avP） 0.42%; for 15 to 35 d of age these parameters were AME 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 16.47%,Ca 0.76%,avP 0.38%; Negative control 1（NC1,7-2）, the AME and digestible amino acids （DAA） were reduced by 70 kcal/kg and 2.0%, avP and Ca by 1.0 g/kg from PC diet; Negative control 2（NC2,T4）, the down- spec from PC diet was AME 100 kcal/kg, DAA 2.5%, avP 1.5 g/kg and Ca 1.2 g/kg; The enzyme complex was added at the same dosage （200 mL/1,000 kg） on NC1 （T3） and NC2 （T5） diets. Results： Comparing with the ducks fed on T1, T3 and T5 diets, the birds fed on NC2 diet showed the lowest （P 〈 0.05） body weight （ d 14 and 35）, feed intake （d 35）, tibia ash, Ca and P contents （d 14 and 35）, and the utilization of nutrients （P 〈 0.05）. The supplementation with the enzyme complex to the NC diets restored growth rate, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization to the level of the PC diet, and increased AME by 60 kcal/kg and 117 kcal/kg, respectively for the NC1 and NC2 diets. Conclusion： These results suggest that down-spec AME by 100 kcal/kg, DAA by 2.5%, avP by 1.5 g/kg and Ca by 1.2 g/kg caused detrimental effects on duck performance compared with those fed on the PC diet, and these performance losses can be compensated by the addition of the multiple-enzyme complex.
基金National and Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2014BAD13B02,2014NZ0030 and 2013NC0047)Academy of Kechuang Feed Industry in SichuanDSM(China)Ltd
文摘Background： Dietary canthaxanthin（CX）, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol（25-OH-D3） and vitamins have been widely reported to be involved in productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeders. However, limited information is available for duck breeders. In this study, a total of 1,560 Cherry Valley SM3 duck breeder females and 312 males were used to assess if the addition of CX and 25-OH-D3 could increase the performance of duck breeders under two different dietary vitamin regimens. Four diets were used under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes（REGULAR and HIGH; HIGH premix had higher levels of all vitamins except K3 than REGULAR premix）, and with or without the supplementation of the mixture of CX（6 mg/kg） and 25-OH-D3（0.069 mg/kg）. The ducks were fed ad libitum with pelleted diets based on corn-soybean meal from 38 to 77 wk of age.Results： HIGH vitamin premix decreased malondialdehyde（MDA） level（P 〈 0.001） of egg yolk, increased hatchability of fertile eggs（P = 0.029）, increased hatchability of total eggs（P = 0.029）, and decreased serum protein carbonyl level（P = 0.037） of breeder males. The mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 increased serum calcium of breeder females（P = 0.010）, decreased the cracked egg rate（P = 0.001）, increased the pigmentation of egg yolk（P 〈 0.001）and male bill（P 〈 0.001）, and decreased MDA level of egg yolk（P 〈 0.001） and male serum（P = 0.034）. Interactive effects were observed in cracked egg rate（P = 0.038）, shell thickness（P = 0.011） and serum phosphorus（P = 0.026）of breeder females. HIGH vitamin premix together with the mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 decreased cracked egg rate and increased shell thickness of duck breeders. Serum phosphorus was decreased in duck breeder females fed REGULAR vitamin premix without the addition of the CX and 25-OH-D3 mixture.Conclusions： Dietary HIGH vitamin premix increased antioxidant status of eggs and breeder males, and increased hatchability. The mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 enhanced egg shell quality, and promoted pigmentation and antioxidant status of eggs and breeder males.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772622)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-42-10)+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0502004)“111”project of Foreign Experts Affairs of ChinaSichuan Agricultural University 211 Foundation.
文摘Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is limited.Here,we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12%raw potato starch(RPS)modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in meat ducks.Results:LPS administration at 14,16,and 18 d(chronic challenge)decreased body weight(BW)and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation,evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine levels.Dietary 12%RPS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLP-1R expression,along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and serum.Microbiome analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,etc.Dietary RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LPS challenge.Furthermore,response to acute challenge,the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LPS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines,as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in ileum when compared to control birds.Analogous to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide,dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines,whereas it upregulated the GLP-1 synthesis related genes expression.Meanwhile,dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LPS challenge-induced TLR4 transcription.Conclusions:These data suggest that dietary 12%RPS supplementation could attenuate the LPS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks,which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota,SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLP-1/GLP-1R.
文摘目的分析生酮饮食治疗睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态(Electrical status epilepticus during sleep,ESES)相关癫痫综合征的疗效及脑电图变化。方法收集2020年3月—2022年6月徐州市儿童医院门诊及住院收治的58例ESES相关癫痫综合征伴认知损害患儿的临床资料,使用随机数字表法分为观察组(A组)和对照组(B组),每组29例;在不改变原有抗癫痫发作药物治疗的基础上,A组采用生酮饮食治疗,B组采用激素治疗;观察生酮饮食及激素治疗前及治疗后3、6个月ESES相关癫痫综合征患儿的临床疗效、认知及脑电图棘慢波指数(Spike-wave index,SWI)变化。结果A组治疗3个月时临床总有效率、控制率;脑电图总有效率、显效率及韦氏儿童智力量表测得言语商、操作商及总智商均明显低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但治疗6个月时A组临床总有效率、控制率;脑电图总有效率、显效率及韦氏儿童智力量表测得言语商、操作商及总智商与B组相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患儿随访期内未出现脑电图SWI及临床症状反复病例;B组患儿在治疗6个月时脑电图SWI反复率55.2%,临床症状反复率37.9%。治疗期间两组患儿均未发生严重不良反应,A组在启动期有约27.6%(8例)的患儿出现胃肠道不适症状,但均较轻、且很快缓解,维持期未发生严重不良反应;但B组中有89.7%(26例)的患儿出现不同程度的体重增长,其中69%(20例)的患儿呈满月脸、水牛背等柯兴容貌。结论生酮饮食可改善ESES相关癫痫综合征患儿的疗效及脑电图变化,改善认知;与激素冲击治疗比较,生酮饮食治疗ESES相关癫痫综合征反复率低,不良反应相对轻且发生率低。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81972492)National Science Fund for Young Scholars(Grant No.21904107)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.LR19C050001)Hangzhou Agriculture and Society Advancement Program(Grant No.20190101A04)Westlake Startup Grantresearch funds from the National Cancer Centre Singapore and Singapore General Hospital,Singaporethe National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0901704)Zhejiang Innovation Discipline Project of Laboratory Animal Genetic Engineering(Grant No.201510)the Netherlands Cancer Society(Grant No.NKI 2014-6651)The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)-Middelgroot(Grant No.91116017)
文摘To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been developed.For optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge.In this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples.To build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker.We then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples.This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)patients.Thereafter,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated.As a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control subjects.Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM.These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery.DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.
基金fanatically supported by National Science and Technology Project(2014BAD13B04)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology project(2018NZ20009,2014NZ0043)。
文摘Sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal microbiota.Its metabolite,trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fat deposition in mammals.Hens fed with rapeseed meal(RSM)suffered from fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome(FLHS).This study was conducted to investigate whether RSM-induced fatty liver is due to TMAO via altering microbiota composition and diversity.At 33 weeks of age,600 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups,namely control and 14%RSM treatment groups(DY5,with 16.2% erucic acid [EA]and 74.66% glucosinolate[Gl]contents;MB1,with 3.50% EA and 43.23 %Gl contents;DY6,with 6.7% EA and 22.67% Gl contents;XH3,with 44.60% EA and 132.83% Gl contents)for 8 weeks.Results revealed that 3 hens died due to liver hemorrhage after ingesting 14% RSM diet.The 14% RSM decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content(P<0.01)while tended to increase serum TMAO content compared to the control group(P=0.08).The 14% RSM diet increased red oil O optical density(P<0.01),and increased total cholesterol(TC)and LDL-C content in the liver(P<0.01,and P<0.01,respectively).The 14%RSM decreased liver total bile acid(TBA)content compared to the control(P<0.01).The DY6 had a higher TBA content in the liver than the XH3(P<0.01).The 14%RSM decreased mRNA abundance of liver X receptors alpha(LXR-α,P=0.01),and increased mRNA abundance of sterol response element binding protein 2(SREBP-2,P=0.04).Results revealed that the in-feed RSM could alter richness and diversity of cecal microbiota compared to the control(P<0.05).Liver TC content and serum TMAO showed a negative relationship with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria(P=0.04).In conclusion,14%RSM increased liver TC and induced high liver score of FLHS,which was possibly associated with the altered cecal microbiota composition,increased serum TMAO levels and LXR-αand SREBP-2 expressions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41531069,41706216)the LIESMARS Special Research Funding。
文摘Arctic sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate and environmental system.Sea ice thickness is one of the most important sea ice parameters.Accurately obtaining the sea ice thickness and its changes has great significance to Arctic and global change research.Satellite altimeters can be used to derive long-term and large-scale changes in sea ice thickness.The leads detection is vital in sea ice thickness estimation by using satellite altimetry.Different leads detection methods are compared with remote sensing images,and results show that the detection method that uses waveform parameters can obtain improved results.The model for the conversion of freeboard to thickness is optimized by considering the incomplete penetration of snow for radar altimeters.We derive the estimates of the Arctic sea ice thickness for November 2010 to December 2019 by using the CryoSat-2 altimetry data.The sea ice thickness from the IceBridge and draft data from the upward-looking sonar are used to validate our thickness results.Validations show that the accuracy of our thickness estimates is within 0.2 m.Variations in the Arctic sea ice thickness are analyzed using the PIOMAS model and air and sea surface temperatures.A sharp increase in sea ice thickness is found in 2014.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21906090)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0210200 and 2017YFC0212800)+1 种基金the Primary Research&Development Project of Shandong Province(China)(Nos.2018GSF117034 and 2019JZZY020305)The scientific calculations in this paper have been done on the HPC Cloud Platform of Shandong University(China).
文摘Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst.Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR reaction.However,the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud.In this study,we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment(dealkalization)process.The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid.When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5(CRM-3 and CRM-5),activated catalysts showed NOx conversion above 90%at 275℃–475℃.The high initial reaction rate,Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+))ratio,and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst.Meanwhile,more Fe^(3+) on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH_(3) adsorption.There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts.DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O_(3)-Fe for NH_(3) and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O_(3)-Fe,which enhanced the NOx conversion of the catalyst.However,the almandine was formed in CRM-4,consumed part of Fe^(3+) and Al^(3+),and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened.Also,deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites,thus leading to lower NH_(3)-SCR activity.
基金supported by the Modern Agri-industry Technology Research System(CARS-42-10)the 111 Project
文摘Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks,leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous pain.We hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density(LND)diet probably reverses these skeletal abnormalities.Studies indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol(25-OH-D3),a vitamin D3 metabolite,is effective in treating bone-related disorders.Therefore,Exp.1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D3 on tibial mass of meat ducks.Male meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet(containing a regular vitamin regimen)without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 d.The results showed that 25-OH-D3 supplementation improved the mineral content,microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias,and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression.Subsequently,Exp.2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens(regular and high).Ducklings were allocated to a 2*2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND diets.The high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular premix.The results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals deposition.Tibial mineral content,microarchitecture,and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation;However,these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin regimen.To conclude,25-OH-D3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks,and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Project(2014BAD13B04)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Project(2018NZ20009)
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels(stored for 4 years)with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols(TPP)on the performance,egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens.A total of 288 Lohmann commercial laying hens(63-week-old)were used under a 2×4 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of dietary ageing corn(0%,25%,50%,or 100%)and 2 levels of TPP(0 and 600 mg/kg)for 8 wk.Dietary ageing corn linearly decreased(P<0.05)the egg production,serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),liver glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of laying hens,yolk index,yolk colour,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)value and the reducing power value of egg yolk,but it linearly increased(P<0.05)the feed conversion rate,ovary malondialdehyde(MDA)content of laying hens,and the protein carbonyl content of egg yolk.Tea polyphenol supplementation increased(P<0.05)the serum T-AOC,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),liver SOD,liver GSH-Px,ovary SOD,GSH-Px,the expression of antioxidant-related genes of laying hens,albumen height,Haugh unit,DPPH value and the majority free amino acids of egg yolk,but it decreased(P<0.05)the serum MDA content of laying hens,MDA and protein carbonyl of egg yolk.In conclusion,the ageing corn significantly reduced the perfor-mance,egg quality,antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens,while TPP supple-mentation partially counteracted the adverse effects,especially antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens.
