Validating the accuracy of a multifunctional smartwatch sphygmomanometer to monitor blood pressure

BACKGROUND Hypertension is the most modifiable factor associated with cardiovascular events and complications.The conventional blood pressure(BP) meter method is simple but is limited in terms of real-time monitoring abnormal BP.Therefore,the development of a multifunction smartwatch(HUAWEI WATCH D) sphygmomanometer could significantly improve integrated BP monitoring.METHODS We enrolled 361 subjects from Chinese PL A General Hospital,Beijing,China to validate the accuracy of the smartwatch versatile sphygmomanometer using ISO 81060-2:2018.Resting and ambulatory BP accuracy of the smartwatch were compared with gold standard clinical sphygmomanometers using ISO 81060-2:2018 guidelines,the accuracy of 24 h systolic blood pressure(SBP) circadian rhythm monitoring,and diurnal high SBP alert for this smartwatch were assessed using a confusion matrix approach.Additionally,we analyzed online users of different ages for compliance.RESULTS Eighty-five subjects underwent resting BP measurements;the mean resting BP differences between two devices were-0.683±6.203 mmHg(SBP)(P=0.723) and 1.628±5.028 mmHg(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)(P=0.183).In 35 subjects’ ambulatory BP measurements,the mean differences of ambulatory BP were-1.943±5.475 mmHg(SBP)(P=0.923) and 3.195±5.862 mmHg(DBP)(P=0.065).All data complied with ISO 81060-2:2018 guidelines(mean ≤±5 mmHg and standard deviation ≤±8 mmHg) with no significant differences.Positive predictive values(PPV) of resting SBP and DBP were 0.635 and 0.671,respectively.The PPV of ambulatory SBP and DBP were 0.686.Also,24 h SBP circadian rhythm monitoring was performed in 107 subjects:accuracy=0.850,specificity=0.864,precision/PPV=0.833,sensitivity=0.833,and F1-measure(F1)=0.833.The accuracy,specificity,precision,sensitivity,and F1 values in 85 subjects undergoing diurnal high SBP alerting were 0.858,0.876,0.706,0.809,and 0.754,respectively.CONCLUSIONS When compared with the gold standard clinical sphygmomanometer,smartwatch results were consistent and accurate.Online user feedback showed that elderly individuals cared more about BP monitoring accuracy,with better compliance.

Exosomes derived from stem cells as an emerging therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration

Intervertebral disc(IVD)degenerative diseases are a common problem in the world,and they cause substantial social and economic burdens for people.The current methods for treating IVD degenerative diseases mainly include surgery and conservative treatment,which cannot fundamentally restore the normal structure of the disc.With continuous research on the mechanism of degeneration and the development of regenerative medicine,rapid progress has been made in the field of regenerative medicine regarding the use of stem cell-derived exosomes,which are active biological substances used in intercellular communication,because they show a strong effect in promoting tissue regeneration.The study of exosomes in the field of IVD degeneration has just begun,and many surprising achievements have been made.This paper mainly reviews the biological characteristics of exosomes and highlights the current status of exosomes in the field of IVD degeneration,as well as future developments regarding exosomes.