Charge and Energy Transfer in the Metal-free Indoline Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells were studied by employing quantum chemistry methods. Comparative study of the properties of both ground and excited states of metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells revealed： （i） as the number of rhodanine rings increases, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO decreases and there is a red shift in the absorption spectrum with the binding energy increased, and the transition dipole moment decreased; （ii） Based on an analysis of charge differential density, we observed that the charge and energy are transfered from the phenylethenyl to the indoline and rhodanine rings; （iii） The electron-hole coherences are mainly on the indoline and rhodanine rings, and the exciton sizes are 30 and 40 atoms for indoline dyes with one and two rhodanline rings, respectively. These results serve as a good example of computer-aided design in metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Combination of fire needle and filiform needle for frozen shoulder in different clinical stages

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of fire needle combined with filiform needle for different clinical stage frozen shoulders,and to choose the best treatment opportunity for clinical treatment of frozen shoulder.Methods:120 patients with frozen shoulders who met the inclusion criteria were numbered according to the visiting order.They were randomized into control group(60 cases)and treatment group(60 cases)according to the random number table.Both groups were treated with filiform needles once every other day and 3 times a week,and a course of treatment included 6 times and 2 courses were taken.The treatment group was treated by applying a fire needling point bloodletting on the local tender points once a week.Jiānyú(肩髃 LI 15),Jiānliáo(肩髎 TE 14),Jiānzhēn(肩贞 SI 9),Tiáokǒu(条口 ST 38),and local tender points were taken according to different meridian pains.The clinical efficacy of the frozen shoulder patients in the two groups in different clinical stages was compared.The evaluation indicators were scores of pain,joint activity range and activities of daily living,as well as clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.Results:After treatment,the total scores of hundred-mark five-grade in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(Treatment group82.02 ± 14.23 vs 43.37 ± 22.10,Control group 66.80 ± 18.98 vs 42.67 ± 23.03,both P<0.01),and the total score of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01).The hundred-mark five-grade assessment scores after treatment in the treatment group during the frozen stage were significantly higher than the control group(77.2± 14.40 vs 68.43 ± 16.94,P<0.01);as to the clinical efficacy,the total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(91.67% vs 76.67%,P<0.01);The total effective rate of the control group in the acute stage and functional recovery stage was compared with the frozen stage,and the difference was statistically significant(100% vs 60%,P<0.01),and there was no significant difference between each phase of the treatment group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Single filiform therapy and the therapy of filiform needle combined with fire needle were effective in treating frozen shoulder patients,and the effect of the filiform needle combined with fire needle was significantly better than single filiform needle.The effect of fire needle combined with filiform needle on the frozen shoulder in frozen stage was significantly better than single filiform needle.